scholarly journals Nonoptimal Vaginal Microbiota After Azithromycin Treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Tamarelle ◽  
Bing Ma ◽  
Pawel Gajer ◽  
Mike S Humphrys ◽  
Mishka Terplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We characterized the composition and structure of the vaginal microbiota in a cohort of 149 women with genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection at baseline who were followed quarterly for 9 months after antibiotic treatment. At time of diagnosis, the vaginal microbiota was dominated by Lactobacillus iners or a diverse array of bacterial vaginosis–associated bacteria including Gardnerella vaginalis. Interestingly, L. iners–dominated communities were most common after azithromycin treatment (1 g monodose), consistent with the observed relative resistance of L. iners to azithromycin. Lactobacillus iners–dominated communities have been associated with increased risk of C. trachomatis infection, suggesting that the impact of antibiotic treatment on the vaginal microbiota could favor reinfections. These results provide support for the dual need to account for the potential perturbing effect(s) of antibiotic treatment on the vaginal microbiota, and to develop strategies to protect and restore optimal vaginal microbiota.

scholarly journals Sexual practices have a significant impact on the vaginal microbiota of women who have sex with women

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica L. Plummer ◽  
Lenka A. Vodstrcil ◽  
Christopher K. Fairley ◽  
Sepehr N. Tabrizi ◽  
Suzanne M. Garland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Curtis Dissimilarity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWomen-who-have-sex-with-women (WSW) are at increased risk of bacterial vaginosis (BV). We investigated the impact of practices and past BV on the vaginal microbiota within a two-year longitudinal cohort of Australian WSW. Self-collected vaginal swabs were used to characterise the vaginal microbiota using 16S-rRNA gene sequencing. Hierarchical clustering defined community state types (CSTs). Bacterial diversity was calculated using the Shannon diversity index and instability of the vaginal microbiota was assessed by change of CST and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. Sex with a new partner increased the bacterial diversity (adjusted-coefficient = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.21,0.60, p < 0.001) and instability of the vaginal microbiota, in terms of both change of CST (adjusted-odds-ratio = 2.65, 95%CI: 1.34,5.22, p = 0.005) and increased Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (adjusted-coefficient = 0.21, 95%CI: 0.11,0.31, p < 0.001). Women reporting sex with a new partner were more likely than women reporting no new partner to have a vaginal microbiota characterised by Gardnerella vaginalis (adjusted-relative-risk-ratio[aRRR] = 3.45, 95%CI: 1.42,8.41, p = 0.006) or anaerobic BV-associated bacteria (aRRR = 3.62, 95%CI: 1.43,9.14, p = 0.007) relative to a Lactobacillus crispatus dominated microbiota. Sex with a new partner altered the vaginal microbiota of WSW by increasing the diversity and abundance of BV-associated bacteria. These findings highlight the influence of practices on the development of a non-optimal vaginal microbiota and provide microbiological support for the sexual exchange of bacteria between women.

scholarly journals Vaginal Microbiota of the Sexually Transmitted Infections Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis in Women with Vaginitis in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1864
Author(s):  
Shu-Fang Chiu ◽  
Po-Jung Huang ◽  
Wei-Hung Cheng ◽  
Ching-Yun Huang ◽  
Lichieh Julie Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Prevotella Bivia ◽  
Initial Interaction

The three most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV). The prevalence of these STIs in Taiwan remains largely unknown and the risk of STI acquisition affected by the vaginal microbiota is also elusive. In this study, a total of 327 vaginal swabs collected from women with vaginitis were analyzed to determine the presence of STIs and the associated microorganisms by using the BD Max CT/GC/TV molecular assay, microbial cultures, and 16S rRNA sequencing. The prevalence of CT, TV, and GC was 10.8%, 2.2% and 0.6%, respectively. A culture-dependent method identified that Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) were more likely to be associated with CT and TV infections. In CT-positive patients, the vaginal microbiota was dominated by L. iners, and the relative abundance of Gardnerella vaginalis (12.46%) was also higher than that in TV-positive patients and the non-STIs group. However, Lactobacillus spp. was significantly lower in TV-positive patients, while GBS (10.11%), Prevotella bivia (6.19%), Sneathia sanguinegens (12.75%), and Gemella asaccharolytica (5.31%) were significantly enriched. Using an in vitro co-culture assay, we demonstrated that the growth of L. iners was suppressed in the initial interaction with TV, but it may adapt and survive after longer exposure to TV. Additionally, it is noteworthy that TV was able to promote GBS growth. Our study highlights the vaginal microbiota composition associated with the common STIs and the crosstalk between TV and the associated bacteria, paving the way for future development of health interventions targeting the specific vaginal bacterial taxa to reduce the risk of common STIs.

scholarly journals The Cervicovaginal Microbiota-Host Interaction Modulates Chlamydia trachomatis Infection

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vonetta L. Edwards ◽  
Steven B. Smith ◽  
Elias J. McComb ◽  
Jeanne Tamarelle ◽  
Bing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Chlamydial Infection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The mechanism(s) by which Lactobacillus-dominated cervicovaginal microbiota provide a barrier to Chlamydia trachomatis infection remain(s) unknown. Here we evaluate the impact of different Lactobacillus spp. identified via culture-independent metataxonomic analysis of C. trachomatis-infected women on C. trachomatis infection in a three-dimensional (3D) cervical epithelium model. Lactobacillus spp. that specifically produce d(−) lactic acid were associated with long-term protection against C. trachomatis infection, consistent with reduced protection associated with Lactobacillus iners, which does not produce this isoform, and with decreased epithelial cell proliferation, consistent with the observed prolonged protective effect. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that epigenetic modifications involving histone deacetylase-controlled pathways are integral to the cross talk between host and microbiota. These results highlight a fundamental mechanism whereby the cervicovaginal microbiota modulates host functions to protect against C. trachomatis infection. IMPORTANCE The vaginal microbiota is believed to protect women against Chlamydia trachomatis, the etiologic agent of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) in developed countries. The mechanism underlying this protection has remained elusive. Here, we reveal the comprehensive strategy by which the cervicovaginal microbiota modulates host functions to protect against chlamydial infection, thereby providing a novel conceptual mechanistic understanding. Major implications of this work are that (i) the impact of the vaginal microbiota on the epithelium should be considered in future studies of chlamydial infection and other STIs and (ii) a fundamental understanding of the cervicovaginal microbiota’s role in protection against STIs may enable the development of novel microbiome-based therapeutic strategies to protect women from infection and improve vaginal and cervical health.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus iners-dominated vaginal microbiota is associated with increased susceptibility to Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Dutch women: a case–control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin van Houdt ◽  
Bing Ma ◽  
Sylvia M Bruisten ◽  
Arjen G C L Speksnijder ◽  
Jacques Ravel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

IntroductionThis prospective study aimed to study the composition and structure of the vaginal microbiota prior to Chlamydia trachomatis infection.MethodsA nested case–control study was performed in 122 women, half of which acquired C. trachomatis within a year after their first visit. At the first visit, the composition and structure of vaginal microbial communities were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing in the context of the sociodemographic and sexual risk behaviour information using logistic regression.ResultsFive vaginal community state types (CSTs) were identified. Four CSTs were dominated by Lactobacillus spp., of which L. crispatus (37%) and L. iners (33%) were the most common. One CST was characterised by the absence of Lactobacillus spp. (25%) and the presence of an array of strict and facultative anaerobes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that women with a L. iners-dominated CST had an increased risk of C. trachomatis infection (p=0.04; OR: 2.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 6.6).ConclusionsThe distribution of CSTs dominated by Lactobacillus spp. agreed with previous studies. However, the frequency of dysbiosis among Caucasian women was relatively high (24%). Having vaginal microbiota dominated by L. iners was associated with an increased risk for C. trachomatis infection. Therefore, we hypothesise that specific signatures of vaginal microbiota are indicative of increased host predisposition to acquiring STIs.

Risk Factors for Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection in 6810 Young Women Attending Family Planning Clinics

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Ramstedt ◽  
Lars Forssman ◽  
Johan Giesecke ◽  
Fredrik Granath
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Culture Positive

Screening programmes are important for the control of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection, a disease spread mainly by asymptomatic carriers. Risk factors for Ct infection were assessed in 6810 consecutive asymptomatic young women seeking contraceptive advice. All women filled in a questionnaire and were offered Ct testing. Of the 5785 who consented to testing, 425 (7.3%) were Ct culture positive. Four variables were significantly related to increased risk of being infected: age 18–23 years, duration of present relationship < 1 year, non-use of condoms, and a history of not having had a previous genital infection. It is not possible to devise screening criteria that would effectively identify women at high risk. Therefore a screening programme should be targeted at all sexually active young people. However, if after some years the programme succeeds in lowering general Ct prevalence, these factors may be important when selecting patients for Ct testing.

scholarly journals Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection, anti-Pgp3 antibodies and conjunctival scarring in Vanuatu and Tarawa, Kiribati before antibiotic treatment for trachoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-461
Author(s):  
Robert Butcher ◽  
Becca Handley ◽  
Mackline Garae ◽  
Raebwebwe Taoaba ◽  
Harry Pickering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection

Update on the impact of Chlamydia trachomatis infection on male fertility

Andrologia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Gonzales ◽  
G. Munoz ◽  
R. Sanchez ◽  
R. Henkel ◽  
G. Gallegos-Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
The Impact

Re-emergence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection after mass antibiotic treatment of a trachoma-endemic Gambian community: a longitudinal study

The Lancet ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 365 (9467) ◽  
pp. 1321-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Burton ◽  
Martin J Holland ◽  
Pateh Makalo ◽  
Esther AN Aryee ◽  
Neal DE Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection

scholarly journals Epidural-Related Fever and Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Neonatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Jansen ◽  
Enrico Lopriore ◽  
Christiana Naaktgeboren ◽  
Marieke Sueters ◽  
Jacqueline Limpens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Background:</i></b> While epidural analgesia (EA) is associated with maternal fever during labor, the impact on the risk for maternal and/or neonatal sepsis is unknown. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of epidural-related intrapartum fever on maternal and neonatal outcomes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> OVID MEDLINE, OVID Embase, the Cochrane Library, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, and clinical trial registries were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational cohort studies from inception to November 2018. A total of 761 studies were identified with 100 eligible for full-text review. Only articles investigating the relationship between EA and maternal fever during labor were eligible for inclusion. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane’s Risk of Bias tool and National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool. Two meta-analyses – one each for the RCT and observational cohort groups – were performed using the random-effects model of Mantel-Haenszel to produce summary risk ratios (RR) with 95% CI. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twelve RCTs and 16 observational cohort studies involving 579,157 parturients were included. RRs for maternal fever for the RCT and cohort analyses were 3.54 (95% CI 2.61–4.81) and 5.60 (95% CI 4.50–6.97), respectively. Meta-analyses of RR for maternal infection in both groups were infeasible given few occurrences. Meta-analysis of data from observational studies showed an increased risk for maternal antibiotic treatment in the epidural group (RR 2.60; 95% CI 1.31–5.17). For both analyses, neonates born to women with an epidural were not evaluated more often for suspected sepsis. Neither analysis reported an increased rate of neonatal bacteremia or neonatal antibiotic treatment after EA, although data precluded conclusiveness. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> EA increases the risk of intrapartum fever and maternal antibiotic treatment. However, a definite conclusion on whether EA increases the risk for a proven maternal and/or neonatal bacteremia cannot be drawn due to the low quality of data. Further research on whether epidural-related intrapartum fever is of infectious origin or not is therefore needed.

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