scholarly journals Lactobacillus iners-dominated vaginal microbiota is associated with increased susceptibility to Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Dutch women: a case–control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin van Houdt ◽  
Bing Ma ◽  
Sylvia M Bruisten ◽  
Arjen G C L Speksnijder ◽  
Jacques Ravel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

IntroductionThis prospective study aimed to study the composition and structure of the vaginal microbiota prior to Chlamydia trachomatis infection.MethodsA nested case–control study was performed in 122 women, half of which acquired C. trachomatis within a year after their first visit. At the first visit, the composition and structure of vaginal microbial communities were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing in the context of the sociodemographic and sexual risk behaviour information using logistic regression.ResultsFive vaginal community state types (CSTs) were identified. Four CSTs were dominated by Lactobacillus spp., of which L. crispatus (37%) and L. iners (33%) were the most common. One CST was characterised by the absence of Lactobacillus spp. (25%) and the presence of an array of strict and facultative anaerobes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that women with a L. iners-dominated CST had an increased risk of C. trachomatis infection (p=0.04; OR: 2.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 6.6).ConclusionsThe distribution of CSTs dominated by Lactobacillus spp. agreed with previous studies. However, the frequency of dysbiosis among Caucasian women was relatively high (24%). Having vaginal microbiota dominated by L. iners was associated with an increased risk for C. trachomatis infection. Therefore, we hypothesise that specific signatures of vaginal microbiota are indicative of increased host predisposition to acquiring STIs.

Risk factors and outcomes of postoperative emergency response team activation: a matched case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Matthew I Hardman ◽  
◽  
S Chandralekha Kruthiventi ◽  
Michelle R Schmugge ◽  
Alexandre N Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVE: To determine patient and perioperative characteristics associated with unexpected postoperative clinical deterioration as determined for the need of a postoperative emergency response team (ERT) activation. DESIGN: Retrospective case–control study. SETTING: Tertiary academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients who underwent general anaesthesia discharged to regular wards between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015 and required ERT activation within 48 postoperative hours. Controls were matched based on age, sex and procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline patient and perioperative characteristics were abstracted to develop a multiple logistic regression model to assess for potential associations for increased risk for postoperative ERT. RESULTS: Among 105 345 patients, 797 had ERT calls, with a rate of 7.6 (95% CI, 7.1–8.1) calls per 1000 anaesthetics (0.76%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the following risk factors for postoperative ERT: cardiovascular disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.18–2.18), neurological disease (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.11–2.22), preoperative gabapentin (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.17–2.20), longer surgical duration (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11, per 30 min), emergency procedure (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09–2.18), and intraoperative use of colloids (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.17–1.92). Compared with control participants, ERT patients had a longer hospital stay, a higher rate of admissions to critical care (55.5%), increased postoperative complications, and a higher 30-day mortality rate (OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.73–6.54). CONCLUSION: We identified several patient and procedural characteristics associated with increased likelihood of postoperative ERT activation. ERT intervention is a marker for increased rates of postoperative complications and death.

scholarly journals Suicide in Psychiatric Inpatients— A Case–Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard A. Deisenhammer ◽  
Elisa-Marie Behrndt-Bauer ◽  
Georg Kemmler ◽  
Christian Haring ◽  
Carl Miller
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inpatient Suicide ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Objective: Psychiatric inpatients constitute a population at considerably increased risk for suicide. Identifying those at imminent risk is still a challenging task for hospital staff. This retrospective case–control study focused on clinical risk factors related to the course of the hospital stay.Method: Inpatient suicide cases were identified by linking the Tyrol Suicide Register with the registers of three psychiatric hospitals in the state. Control subjects were patients who had also been hospitalized in the respective psychiatric unit but had not died by suicide. Matching variables included sex, age, hospital, diagnosis, and admission date. The study period comprised 7 years. Data were analyzed by the appropriate two-sample tests and by logistic regression.Results: A total of 30 inpatient suicide cases and 54 control patients were included. A number of factors differentiated cases from controls; after correction for multiple testing, the following retained significance: history of aborted suicide, history of attempted suicide, history of any suicidal behavior/threats, suicidal ideation continuing during hospitalization, no development of prospective plans, no improvement of mood during the hospital stay, and leaving ward without giving notice. Logistic regression identified the latter three variables and history of attempted suicide as highly significant predictors of inpatient suicide.Conclusions: Preventive measures during hospitalization include thorough assessment of suicidal features, an emphasis on the development of future perspectives, and a review of hospital regulations for patients who want to leave the ward.

scholarly journals Siesta and Risk for Ischemic Stroke: Results from a Case-Control Study

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Yousef Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Neurology Clinic ◽  
Control Study

Background and objectives: Siesta, which is a short afternoon nap, is a habit that is commonly practiced in the Mediterranean and tropical areas. Data on the association between siesta and coronary artery disease has been conflicting. A protective effect has been demonstrated in the countries that commonly practice siesta, but a harmful effect has been observed in the countries that infrequently practice the siesta habit. Information on the association between siesta and ischemic stroke has been, however, lacking. Hence, the purpose of our study was to determine the effect of siesta on ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study, conducted on the patients with acute ischemic stroke who came for their first follow-up visit to the neurology clinic. Controls were randomly selected from the patients visiting the neurology clinic on the same day as the patients with ischemic stroke. In addition to basic demographics and the occurrence of established stroke risk factors, information about siesta practice was also collected from both groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine the relationship between siesta practice and ischemic stroke. Results: A total of 206 patients were recruited from the neurology clinic of King Khalid university hospital; of which only 194 subjects were included in the analysis (98 ischemic stroke cases and 96 controls). The mean age of the participants was 59.68 ± 13.75 years and 98 (50.52%) were male. Interestingly, 43% of the whole study cohort practiced regular siesta. However, when compared to the stroke population, the control group practiced siesta more frequently (30% vs. 56%). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, excess body weight (body mass index > 25 kg/m2) and dyslipidemia were found to increase the risk of ischemic stroke (OR 2.12, 95% CI: 1.02–4.66, p = 0.005; OR 2.72, 95% CI: 1.94–4.88, p = 0.014; OR 2.94, 95% CI: 1.5164–5.7121 p = 0.0014; OR 3.27, 95% CI: 2.42–5.199, p ≤ 0.001, respectively). On the contrary, the practice of regular siesta lowered the risk of ischemic stroke (OR 0.58, 95% CI: 0.3551–0.9526, p = 0.031). Conclusions: Siesta was associated with a reduced risk for the occurrence of ischemic stroke. Large prospective longitudinal studies should be conducted to verify the protective effect of siesta on stroke.

scholarly journals 791. Evaluation of NSAID Exposure as a Risk Factor for Clostridium difficile infection: A Propensity-Score-Matched Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S439-S439
Author(s):  
Adam M Ressler ◽  
Alieysa Patel ◽  
Krishna Rao
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Comorbid Disease ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Exposure to certain medications, particularly antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors, has been associated with increased risk for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Studies have suggested an increased risk for CDI associated with exposure to certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We conducted a retrospective case-control study to evaluate the risk for CDI associated with NSAID use. Methods The population included 1338 patients tested for CDI from February–December 2016 at the University of Michigan. NSAID use within 30 days of CDI testing was determined by chart review. Both scheduled and as-needed NSAID use met the definition for exposure, but aspirin use alone did not. Additional clinical data such as comorbid disease and baseline laboratory parameters were extracted through electronic query. A random forest model imputed missing data. A propensity score for NSAID use was developed via logistic regression and included gender, back pain, baseline serum creatinine, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, serum albumin, and use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications. Cases were matched 1:1 with C. difficile negative controls by propensity score, with a matching caliper of 0.2 x standard deviation of the logit of the score. The final study population consisted of 1256 cases and their matched controls, however 6 cases could not be matched to controls as none had scores within the matching caliper. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare cases to controls. Results NSAID use was similar between the two groups on unadjusted analyses. The adjusted, multivariable model demonstrates that non-aspirin NSAID use is not a significant risk factor for CDI (P =.816), after adjustment for comorbid disease burden, age, and history of prior CDI (Table). Older age and prior CDI were independent risk factors for CDI (Table). Table Study population and modeling results Conclusion In this retrospective case-control study, non-aspirin NSAID use was not associated with an increased risk of CDI. To our knowledge, this is the first study of NSAID use as a risk factor for CDI that accounted for bias due to treatment assignment using a propensity score. Future studies should account for frequency or chronicity of NSAID use, which may affect the results. Disclosures Krishna Rao, MD, MS, Bio-K+ International, Inc. (Consultant)Merck and Co., Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. (Consultant)

scholarly journals Association Between Sexual and Genital Hygiene Habits With the Urinary Tract Infection During Pregnancy: A Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Simin Haghdoost ◽  
Farzaneh Pazandeh ◽  
Mehdi Khabazkhoob ◽  
Tahereh Behroozi Lak
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Genital Hygiene ◽  
Control Study

Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common type of infection during pregnancy, which cause serious complications for the mother and baby. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between sexual and genital hygiene habits and UTIs in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 187 pregnant women including 97 pregnant women with symptomatic bacteriuria (case) and 90 healthy pregnant women (control). Controls were frequency matched with the cases with respect to the number of pregnancy and trimesters of pregnancy. Both groups were compared for the presence of UTI. Finally, the binary multivariate unconditional logistic regression approach was used to evaluate the association between UTI and the confounding variables. Results: The results of this study showed a significant association between UTI in pregnancy and sexual and genital hygiene habits (P<0.05). Based on the binary multivariate logistic regression analysis, attributable risks for UTI included having sexual intercourse >3 times/week (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =3.68, 95% CI = 2.09-5.41, P=0.001), changing the underwear per week (AOR =1.39, 95% CI=1-1.76, P=0.012), not voiding post-coitus (AOR=2.01, 95% CI=1.34-2.69, P=0.01), washing genitalia from back to the front (AOR=1.96, 95% CI=1.06-2.78, P=0.01), and not washing genitals pre-coitus by the husband (AOR=1.20, 95% CI=0.54-1.9, P=0.024) were among the sexual and hygiene habit variables associated with UTI in pregnant women in this model. Conclusions: In general, sexual and genital hygiene habits are vital preventive actions for controlling the UTI in pregnant women. These actions may lead to UTI complications and a preterm birth reduction. Thus, informing spouses about these practices is highly suggested.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Its Symptoms’ Panoply: A Case-Control Study of 919 Suspected Cases in Locked-Down Ovar, Portugal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Regina Sá ◽  
Tiago Pinho-Bandeira ◽  
Guilherme Queiroz ◽  
Joana Matos ◽  
João Duarte Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Risk Characteristics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Control Study

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Ovar was the first Portuguese municipality to declare active community transmission of SARS-CoV-2, with total lockdown decreed on March 17, 2020. This context provided conditions for a large-scale testing strategy, allowing a referral system considering other symptoms besides the ones that were part of the case definition (fever, cough, and dyspnea). This study aims to identify other symptoms associated with COVID-19 since it may clarify the pre-test probability of the occurrence of the disease. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This case-control study uses primary care registers between March 29 and May 10, 2020 in Ovar municipality. Pre-test clinical and exposure-risk characteristics, reported by physicians, were collected through a form, and linked with their laboratory result. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The study population included a total of 919 patients, of whom 226 (24.6%) were COVID-19 cases and 693 were negative for SARS-CoV-2. Only 27.1% of the patients reporting contact with a confirmed or suspected case tested positive. In the multivariate analysis, statistical significance was obtained for headaches (OR 0.558), odynophagia (OR 0.273), anosmia (OR 2.360), and other symptoms (OR 2.157). The interaction of anosmia and odynophagia appeared as possibly relevant with a borderline statistically significant OR of 3.375. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> COVID-19 has a wide range of symptoms. Of the myriad described, the present study highlights anosmia itself and calls for additional studies on the interaction between anosmia and odynophagia. Headaches and odynophagia by themselves are not associated with an increased risk for the disease. These findings may help clinicians in deciding when to test, especially when other diseases with similar symptoms are more prevalent, namely in winter.

Risk factors associated with subacromial pain in young athletes: A case control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zoran Z. Sarcevic ◽  
Andreja P. Tepavcevic
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sternoclavicular Joint ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Trapezius ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: Subacromial pain (SAP) is a common complaint of young athletes, independently of the sport engaged. The prevalence of SAP in some sports is up to 50%. OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to investigate some new factors possibly associated to subacromial pain in young athletes. The factors considered were the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major, dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint, and serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength. METHODS: This case-control study included 82 young athletes 9–15 years, 41 with the symptoms of SAP and 41 controls. All participants self-reported whether they had subacromial pain. In addition, Hawkins–Kennedy Test was performed to all the participants to evaluate the subacromial pressure. Main outcome measures were the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major, dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint, and serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength. The grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major and the dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint were measured with an inclinometer. Serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength were measured by a handheld dynamometer with external belt-fixation. The data were analyzed using t-test for independent samples, Mann-Whitney U test, contingency coefficients and a stepwise binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Significant statistical difference was observed in the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major and in the variable representing the physiological functioning of the sternoclavicular joint, between the cases and the controls. There was no significant difference in serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength between the cases and the controls. Logistic regression analysis showed that the variable representing the physiological functioning of the sternoclavicular joint and the grade of shortening of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major were good predictors for presence of SAP. CONCLUSIONS: A strong association was determined between subacromial pain in young athletes, clavicular portion of pectoralis major tightness and the dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint.

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