scholarly journals Looking back on 10 years of global road safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M Peden ◽  
Prasanthi Puvanachandra
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
On The Road

Abstract Every year more than 1.35 million people lose their lives on the road and tens of millions more are injured, some permanently. Since the early 2000s there has been renewed focus on the issue, with the United Nations, World Health Organization and the World Bank placing the issue higher on their agendas. Guided by the United Nations General Assembly, World Health Assembly resolutions and ministerial-level conferences on the global road safety crisis, multisectoral partnerships have synthesised the evidence, advocated for action (there are two Sustainable Development Goal targets with an ambitious goal of reducing deaths and injuries from road traffic crashes by 50%), raised public awareness, generated funding, piloted interventions and monitored progress. And yet the total number of deaths has plateaued despite some sporadic country-level successes. More needs to be done—more people need to be trained in countries to deliver, monitor and evaluate a systems approach to road safety, more solid evidence of what works in low-resource settings is needed (including sustainable transportation options) and there needs to be a greater focus on optimising care and support for those injured in crashes—if we are to begin to see numbers come down in the next decade.

scholarly journals Changes In Mortality Trends Of Road Traffic Injuries In Lithuania Over 1971-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birutė Strukčinskienė ◽  
Robert Bauer ◽  
Vaiva Strukčinskaitė ◽  
Sigutė Norkienė
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
The Government

The goal of this study was to analyze the changes in mortality trends of road traffic injuries for the whole population in transitional Lithuania over 1971 to 2014. Special attention was paid to the potential effect of the activities at macro and micro-level, and the socio-economic changes after the Independence in 1991. The data were derived from the Department of Statistics for the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, the Archives of Health Information Centre, and the Institute of Hygiene in Lithuania. The numbers have been based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) of the World Health Organization (WHO). Trends were estimated by the use of logarithmic regression. During the study, trends before the Independence in 1991 and after the Independence were compared. The study revealed that during the 44-year study period, a total of 38,982 people died from road traffic injuries in Lithuania. Men deceased 3.2 times more than that of women. About 40% of those killed in road traffic crashes were pedestrians. The mortality rates of road traffic injuries showed no significant change over the pre-independence period (1971- 1991) for the whole group. However, during the post-independence period (1992-2014), the mortality rates of road traffic injuries in the country significantly decreased for the whole population. Before the Independence (1971-1991), no change was presented nor in men and nor in women subgroups, whereas after the Independence (1992-2014), road traffic injury deaths fell significantly in both sexes. In addition, over the post-independence period, a significant decrease in pedestrian mortality trends for the whole population, and in men and women subgroups was observed. The study confirmed that sustainable preventive measures at macro and micro levels had possible impact on fatal road traffic injuries in the country. Socioeconomic changes, political reforms, education activities, safe environment creation, legislation, and improved healthcare seem to have contributed to the significant decrease of fatal road traffic injuries in transitional Lithuania. Continuous and permanent injury prevention and road safety promotion work is recommended for road safety management.

scholarly journals Content analysis of reported activities of the United Nations Road Safety Collaboration Members during the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e042409
Author(s):  
Sean Alan Flannigan ◽  
Meleckidzedeck Khayesi
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
To Come

ObjectiveSeveral activities were planned for the Decade of Action (DOA) for Road Safety 2011–2020, covering key policies and interventions on road safety. Knowledge of the activities implemented by key actors is currently lacking in the literature. This study answers the question: what activities were implemented during the DOA by the United Nations Road Safety Collaboration (UNRSC) members?DesignThe study used content analysis techniques to extract and analyse information from five United Nations Secretary General’s reports, which summarise the activities reported by UNRSC members.SettingThe primary setting for this study are 116 countries in which activities supporting the DOA were conducted.Outcome measuresFrequency of themes and subthemes that emerged from reported activities are identified and cross-tabulated by year of report, country level of income, geographical region and organisation type.ResultsOver the entire DOA, establishment of institutions and lead agencies as well as the development of national strategies featured prominently under the theme of management. This theme was steadily reported across regions, country income level and organisation type. Workshops, training and major events regarding road safety increased in frequency of reporting throughout the decade as did developing and promoting the basic road and vehicle systems supportive of road safety. It is further noted that other key activities like infrastructure and behaviour change that are required for a balanced approach to road safety policy were also attended to by various organisations. Activities related to road safety enforcement and post-crash response as well as activities in low-income countries appeared to be less reported.ConclusionThe wide range of activities reported by UNRSC members over the entire DOA need to be sustained and evaluated in years to come if they are to have a significant impact on reducing road traffic deaths and injuries at national and international levels.

Status of Road Safety in the Region of the Americas

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Child Restraint

In the three years since the last road safety report was issued, the number of road traffic deaths has continued to increase throughout the Americas, reaching 154,997 deaths in 2016 (latest year of available data). However, the death rate from road traffic crashes has remained stable (15.6 per 100,000 population in 2016 as compared to 15.9 per 100,000 population in 2013). Data presented in this report show that aspects of road safety management, legislation, and post-crash care have improved in some countries. However, the improvements have been modest and it is clear that the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.6, to halve road traffic deaths by 2020, will not be achieved... Since 2014, more countries in the Region have implemented road safety legislation. Two additional countries, the Dominican Republic and Uruguay, established laws on drink-driving based on best practice, bringing the total to eight countries. Ecuador implemented legislation on helmet use (resulting in a total of seven countries), Dominican Republic implemented legislation on seat-belts (19 countries in total), while Chile implemented child restraint laws (two countries in total). However, no new speed laws have been enacted in the Region. Overall, four countries (Chile, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, and Uruguay) have amended their laws regarding one or more road safety risk factors to bring them in line with best practice. Despite these legislative developments, enforcement remains a major challenge in most countries...

scholarly journals The system of removing slush in passenger cars - a concept

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Michał Rubach ◽  
Konrad Waluś
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Dew Point Temperature ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Vehicle Movement ◽  
Temperature Surface

The appearance of slush on the road is determined by the intensity of precipitation, ambient temperature, surface and dew point temperature, atmospheric pressure and road traffic. The condition of slush (mixture of snow, ice, sand and chemicals such as salt) significantly affects the scope of road safety and the acceleration achieved in the driving processes. The agglomeration of slush in the space between the wheel and the wheel arches increases the resistance of the vehicle movement and increases the load on the suspension system and the steering. Excess snow and ice increases the risk of damage to these systems and may affect the steering and stability of the vehicle. The process of "deposition" of slush is particularly noticeable in environmental conditions with high humidity, and ambient and surface temperatures are below zero degrees Celsius. The article presents the idea of a system for removing slush from wheelhouse liners.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Road Traffic Accident Cases Reported in a Tertiary Military Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Md Moshiur Rahman ◽  
Farzana Zafreen ◽  
Abu Noman Mohammed Mosleh Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes

Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTA) are the eighth leading cause of death globally, and the leading cause of death in Bangladesh. The road safety situation in Bangladesh has been deteriorating with increasing number of road accident deaths, largely as direct consequences of rapid growth in population, motorization, urbanization and lack of investment in road safety. Objectives: To describe the injury characteristics of road traffic accidents cases that reported at Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted on all the RTA cases reported to medical inspection room CMH, Dhaka from 01 March to 30 June 2010. A total of 126 RTA victims irrespective of age and sex were included, data were collected by face to face interview using a pre-tested questionnaire. Results: A total of 126 road traffic accident victims both sexes were studied. The majority of the study subjects were men 103 (81.7%) and most of them were in 31-40 years group (27%), Muslims (98.41%) were the majority. In our study regarding educational qualification of RTA victims most of them were SSC qualified (44’4%) and primary level (15.1%). Military services holder (45.2%) was the majority of road traffic crash victims. Bus/Minibus (32.5%) was responsible for the majority of road traffic crashes and motor vehicle passengers (42.9%) were main victims. Laceration & cut injury were (38.1%) and multiple injury (18.3%) were the most common injury. Main roads (49.2%) were the commonest site of the accidents.  Regarding place of occurrence main roads 62 (49.2%) was the most common site and noon 41 (32.5%) was the most common time of occurrence of accidents. Conclusion: Road traffic crashes constitute a major public health problem in our setting and contribute significantly to unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. Urgent preventive measures targeting at reducing the occurrence of road traffic crashes is necessary to reduce the morbidity and mortality resulting from these injuries. Early recognition and prompt treatment of road traffic injuries is essential for optimal patient outcome. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 2 (December) 2019: 213-217

The Reaction to the Ebola Epidemic within the United Nations Framework: What Next for the World Health Organization?

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-424
Author(s):  
Pia Acconci
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Security Council ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (who) was established in 1946 as a specialized agency of the United Nations (un). Since its establishment, the who has managed outbreaks of infectious diseases from a regulatory, as well as an operational perspective. The adoption of the International Health Regulations (ihrs) has been an important achievement from the former perspective. When the Ebola epidemic intensified in 2014, the who Director General issued temporary recommendations under the ihrs in order to reduce the spread of the disease and minimize cross-border barriers to international trade. The un Secretary General and then the Security Council and the General Assembly have also taken action against the Ebola epidemic. In particular, the Security Council adopted a resolution under Chapter vii of the un Charter, and thus connected the maintenance of the international peace and security to the health and social emergency. After dealing with the role of the who as a guide and coordinator of the reaction to epidemics, this article shows how the action by the Security Council against the Ebola epidemic impacts on the who ‘authority’ for the protection of health.

TRENDS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-623
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Equatorial Africa ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Emergency Fund

IT APPEARS timely to call attention again to the work and objectives of the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. Particularly noteworthy is the trend to use this fund more and more in efforts to help other nations help themselves. Thus the mass attack on tuberculosis, yaws and malaria are, it is hoped, bringing those diseases into proportions where their continued control can be more effectively managed. Similarly, increasing attention is being given to the training of professional and technical personnel. The plans and long-range purpose of the UNICEF have recently been described by Maurice Pate, Executive Director of the fund: "Five years ago, in May 1947, the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund received its first pledge of support, a contribution of $15,000,000 from the United States Government. A number of other pledges and contributions soon followed, and procurement of supplies was begun. By the middle of 1948, those supplies were reaching several million children. "Those early beginnings were in the minds of many of us at the recent meeting of the Fund's 26-nation Executive Board (April 22-24), for on that occasion UNICEF's aid was extended to the only remaining area of need in which it had not been operating— Africa, south of the Sahara. "In the Belgian Congo, French Equatorial Africa, Liberia, Togoland, the Cameroons and West Africa, UNICEF, side by side with the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization, will soon be working with the governments and people on a number of child-health projects. The largest of these is to be an attack on kwashiokor, a dietary deficiency disease that affects thousands of young children in these regions.

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