Multi-Method Vs Single Method Appraisal of Clinical Quality Indicators for the Emergency Medical Services

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Howard ◽  
Peter Cameron ◽  
Maaret Castrén ◽  
Lee Wallis ◽  
Veronica Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Prehospital Emergency Care ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Prehospital Emergency ◽  
Single Method ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Method Approach

ABSTRACT Background Quality Indicator (QI) appraisal protocols are a novel methodology that combines multiple appraisal methods to comprehensively assess the "appropriateness" of QIs for a particular healthcare setting. However, they remain inadequately explored compared to the single appraisal method approach. This paper aimed to describe and test a QI appraisal protocol versus the single method approach, against a series of QIs potentially relevant to the South African Prehospital Emergency Care setting. Methods An appraisal protocol was developed consisting of two categorical-based appraisal methods, combined with the qualitative analysis of the discussion generated during the consensus application of each method. The output of the protocol was assessed and compared with the application and output of each method. Inter-rater reliability of each particular method was evaluated prior to group consensus rating. Variation in the number of non-valid QIs and the proportion of non-valid QIs identified between each method and the protocol were compared and assessed. Results There was mixed IRR of the individual methods. There was similarly low to moderate correlation of the results obtained between the particular methods (Spearman’s rank correlation=0.42,p<0.001). From a series of 104 QIs, 11 non-valid QIs were identified that were shared between the individual methods. A further 19 non-valid QIs were identified and not shared by each method, highlighting the benefits of a multi-method approach. The outcomes were additionally evident in the group discussion analysis, which in and of itself added further input that would not have otherwise been captured by the individual methods alone. Conclusion The utilization of a multi-method appraisal protocol offers multiple benefits, when compared to the single appraisal approach, and can provide the confidence that the outcomes of the appraisal will ensure a strong foundation on which the QI framework can be successfully implemented.

scholarly journals Multi-method appraisal of clinical quality indicators for the Emergency Medical Services in the Low- and Middle-Income Setting: The South African Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Howard ◽  
Peter Cameron ◽  
Maaret Castrén ◽  
Lee Wallis ◽  
Veronica Lindström
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Prehospital Emergency Care ◽  
Group Consensus ◽  
The South ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Method Approach

Abstract Background: Quality Indicator (QI) appraisal protocols are a novel methodology that combine multiple appraisal methods in order to comprehensively assess the “appropriateness” of QIs for a particular healthcare setting. However, they remain inadequately explored compared to the single appraisal method approach. The aim of this paper was to describe and test a QI appraisal protocol versus the single method approach, against a series of QIs potentially relevant to the South African Prehospital Emergency Care setting. Methods: An appraisal protocol was developed consisting of two categorical-based appraisal methods, the Qualify tool and Rand/Appropriateness method, combined with the qualitative analysis of the discussion generated during the consensus application of each method, by a QI Appraisal Working Group. Inter-rater reliability of each individual method was assessed prior to group consensus rating. Variation in the number of non-valid QIs identified between each method and the proportion of non-valid QIs identified between each method and the protocol were compared and assessed. Results: There was mixed inter-rater reliability of the individual methods prior to the group consensus. There was similarly poor to moderate correlation of the results obtained between the individual methods (Spearman’s rank correlation = 0.42, p<0.001). From a series of 104 QIs, 11 were identified that were shared between the appraisal methods. A further 19 QIs were identified and not shared by each method, highlighting the benefits of a multimethod approach. There was little evidence to support a difference in the proportion of non-valid QIs identified between individual methods (difference=-0.03); between the Quality tool and the protocol (difference=-0.05); or between the Rand method and the protocol (difference=-0.02). The outcomes were additionally evident in the group discussion analysis, which in and of itself added further input towards understanding and appraising the appropriateness of the QIs that would not have otherwise been captured or understood by the individual methods alone. Conclusion: The utilisation of a multi-method appraisal protocol offers multiple benefits, when compared to the single appraisal approach, and can provide the confidence that the outcomes of the appraisal will ensure a strong foundation on which the measurement framework can be QI successfully implemented and employed.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Aspects of de qi Sensations in MASS and ASQ Assessment: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Chan Jang ◽  
Jaegyun Jung ◽  
Haebeom Lee ◽  
Young-Bae Park ◽  
Hyunho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Single Method ◽  
The Individual ◽  
De Qi ◽  
Different Levels

Background. De qi comprises varied senses depending on the individual. No single method can yet fully measure the multiple dimensions of de qi adequately. Objective. We examined the advantages of implementing multiple questionnaires for de qi measurement. Methods. Fourteen participants completed a preacupuncture questionnaire regarding their perception toward acupuncture treatment. After acupuncture stimulation at the HT7 point, de qi sensations were measured by MASS and ASQ. In groups with different levels of expectation, we compared the subtotal scores of each phase in the ASQ, as well as the VAS de qi intensity and MASS index using Kruskal-Wallis test. For the structural comparison of questionnaires, we first performed Spearman’s rank correlation test between the scores of individual descriptors in MASS and ASQ. The subtotal scores of each phase in ASQ was compared with VAS de qi intensity and MASS index. Results. The subtotal score of the manipulation phase in ASQ strongly correlated with the VAS score of de qi intensity (Spearman’s ρ=0.654, p=0.011) and MASS index (Spearman’s ρ=0.488, p=0.076). MASS and ASQ showed strong correlations in certain analogous descriptors. Unpleasant perceptions toward acupuncture treatment did not significantly correlate with overall de qi intensity. Conclusions. De qi sensations in acupuncture treatment have multidimensional aspects. Intensity of stimulation, ASQ, and MASS index assess somewhat restricted aspects of de qi. Those questionnaires have exclusive differences of sets in spite of their strong intersections. Use of multiple questionnaires may enable a more comprehensive understanding of de qi properties and the elicitation of relevant construction in de qi features of acupuncture.

scholarly journals Individual Pension Products Offered by Banks in Poland - a Multidimensional Comparative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Peterson K. Joanna Rutecka-Góra
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Retirement Security ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The supplementary old-age pension system in Poland consists of group and individual plans. This research covers the latter, namely the individual retirement accounts and individual retirement security accounts that were introduced in 2004 and 2012 respectively. The main aim of the paper is to conduct a multidimensional comparative analysis of bank retirement products including the linguistic complexity of documents creating the retirement contracts offered to individuals by banks, and the costliness and profitability of such products in the period 2012-2019. Moreover, it identifies the dependencies between the linguistic and economic traits of retirement contracts offered by banks. The correlation analysis conducted using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient showed that the more readable a document of a bank contract is, the higher the interest rate is and the higher the cancellation fees. The results of the study are relevant for both financial institutions and public bodies as they show the key characteristics that may influence the demand for individual retirement products in Poland and may serve as either a stimulator or a barrier in the development of supplementary old-age pension provision.

Criteria and barriers for the application of green building features in Hong Kong

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 251-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayantha Wadu Mesthrige ◽  
Ho Yuk Kwong
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Barriers To Implementation ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Method Approach

Purpose An understanding about the criteria determining the successful application of green features, and the barriers to implementation is essential in order to promote and enhance green building development. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, the criteria determining the success of GBFs; and second, the barriers to implementing GBFs in Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach A multi-method approach comprising a comprehensive questionnaire survey and a semi-structured group discussion with construction professionals, along with three case studies was adopted to address these two issues. Findings Findings suggest that although environmental performance is the most significant criterion, the living quality of occupants and the costs of green features play a crucial role in determining the success of their application. However, the environmental aspects of buildings are not sufficient for rating or determining the greenness level of a building. As for barriers, the green cost implications; the structural unsuitability of the current stock of old buildings; and the lack of financial incentives were found to be crucial barriers preventing the application of green features in the Hong Kong building sector. Originality/value GBFs have received extensive attentions by the academia and industry. This paper used a mix method approach by exploring success criteria and barriers to implementing green features in the building sector in Hong Kong. As green building development is still a contemporary subject of discussion, this study would be beneficial to decision makers as it identifies the criteria determining the success of green building adoption and barriers to implementation of such features. Hence, relevant stakeholders will have better understanding of the factors affecting the adoption of GBFs.

scholarly journals Overton's Rule Helps To Estimate the Penetration of Anti-Infectives into Patients' Cerebrospinal Fluid

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 979-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Djukic ◽  
Martin Munz ◽  
Fritz Sörgel ◽  
Ulrike Holzgrabe ◽  
Helmut Eiffert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Csf Penetration ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Meningeal Inflammation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTIn 1900, Ernst Overton found that the entry of anilin dyes through the cell membranes of living cells depended on the lipophilicity of the dyes. The brain is surrounded by barriers consisting of lipid layers that possess several inward and outward active transport systems. In the absence of meningeal inflammation, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration of anti-infectives in humans estimated by the ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in CSF (AUCCSF) to that in serum (AUCCSF/AUCS) correlated positively with the lipid-water partition coefficient at pH 7.0 (logD) (Spearman's rank correlation coefficientrS= 0.40;P= 0.01) and negatively with the molecular mass (MM) (rS= −0.33;P= 0.04). The ratio of AUCCSFto the AUC of the fraction in serum that was not bound (AUCCSF/AUCS,free) strongly correlated with logD(rS= 0.67;P< 0.0001). In the presence of meningeal inflammation, AUCCSF/AUCSalso correlated positively with logD(rS= 0.46;P= 0.002) and negatively with the MM (rS= −0.37;P= 0.01). The correlation of AUCCSF/AUCS,freewith logD(rS= 0.66;P< 0.0001) was as strong as in the absence of meningeal inflammation. Despite these clear correlations, Overton's rule was able to explain only part of the differences in CSF penetration of the individual compounds. The site of CSF withdrawal (lumbar versus ventricular CSF), age of the patients, underlying diseases, active transport, and alterations in the pharmacokinetics by comedications also appeared to strongly influence the CSF penetration of the drugs studied.

The level of endurance and accuracy of female handball players’ throws

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (90) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Iryna Sarga ◽  
Jakub Bonisławski ◽  
Michał Spieszny
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Long Endurance ◽  
Student’S T Test

Aim. The main aim of the research was to evaluate and compare changes in accuracy of throws performed by KS Cracovia 1906 handball players, before and after endurance effort. Basic procedures. The study was carried out among14 players who played in the second women’s handball division in the 2016/2017 season. The study took place during final preparations for the season, at the beginning of September 2016. The level of durability of the tested players was assessed using the Beep Test and the accuracy of throws, both before and after the endurance effort (after the Beep Test), was analysed, considering the training and endurance experience of the tested handball players. Basic methods of descriptive statistics, the Student’s t-test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used in the preparation of the results, and to assess the size of differences between the individual players, normalised indicators were calculated. Results main findings. Analysis of the research results presented in the study showed that after a long-term effort of endurance nature, the accuracy of throws among the tested handball players decreased. It seems that they suffered from nervous system fatigue leading to less accurate and less precise performance of motor tasks. Conclusions. On the basis of the analysis performed in the study, the following conclusions were drawn: that the accuracy of throws among KS Cracovia 1906 handball players after a long endurance effort, significantly decreased, and the accuracy of throws, both before and after the endurance effort, does not depend on the training period. Furthermore, more time should be devoted to the formation of aerobic strength in training the tested team.

scholarly journals Value-motivational characteristics of managers with different levels of innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Mikhailova ◽  
Dmitrij Koba
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

The main idea of the presented work is the assumption that innovative behavior is largely predetermined by the synthesis of values and motives, the relationship of which has not been sufficiently studied. The article presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the value-motivational characteristics of managers with different levels of expression of innovativeness. On the basis of the theoretical study, the authors of the article formulated a hypothesis about the presence of significant differences in value-motivational characteristics among managers with different levels of innovativeness. The hypothesis determined the goal of the empirical study, which was to establish links between value-motivational characteristics and the specificity of the severity of innovativeness among middle managers working in manufacturing companies. The study involved 83 respondents from 25 to 50 years old, working in manufacturing companies in the Moscow region. The survey was carried out using the following methods: (1) methodology "Diagnostics of the real structure of personal value orientations" by S.S. Bubnova; (2) questionnaire "Diagnostics of the motivational structure of personality" by V.E. Milman; (3) "Scale of self-assessment of innovative personality traits" (N.M. Lebedeva, A.N. Tatarko). For statistical verification of the results, the Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used. The empirical results obtained made it possible to identify managers with different levels of self-assessment of innovativeness among the respondents and to obtain in each of the groups specific data on the manifestation of value-motivational characteristics of behavior and activity. At the end of the article, the authors formulated recommendations to enhance the professional activity of managers with different levels of self-assessment of innovativeness. In particular, it is important to develop training programs that correct the value-motivational sphere of the individual, taking into account the synthesis of those values and motives of activity that are characteristic of groups with high, medium and low self-esteem of innovativeness.

scholarly journals Developmental psycholinguistics teaches us that we need multi-method, not single-method, approaches to the study of linguistic representation

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline F. Rowland ◽  
Padraic Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Data ◽  
Linguistic Representation ◽  
Linguistic Representations ◽  
Single Method ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Developmental Psycholinguistics ◽  
Method Approach

AbstractIn developmental psycholinguistics, we have, for many years, been generating and testing theories that propose both descriptions of adult representations and explanations of how those representations develop. We have learnt that restricting ourselves to any one methodology yields only incomplete data about the nature of linguistic representations. We argue that we need a multi-method approach to the study of representation.

scholarly journals Microsatellite DNA heterozygosity and weight performance in Southern meat cattle breed heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
A. S. Kramarenko ◽  
S. S. Kramarenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Genotype ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of this study was to determine whether heterozygosity (assessed using microsatellite genotypes) was correlated with the body weight of heifers from birth to 18 months. The study was conducted on the heifers’ herd of the Taurian intra-breed type Southern meat cattle breed at Askaniiske State Research Enterprise (Ukraine, Kherson Region). During the study, we used ten microsatellite loci recommended by International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) TGLA227, BM2113, TGLA53, ETH10, SPS115, TGLA122, INRA023, BM1818, ETH3 and BM1824. The heifer’s body weight was measured at birth, at weaning, and at the age 8, 12, 15 and 18 months. Individual heterozygosity estimates (for each microsatellite loci separately) and microsatellite multilocus heterozygosity (for all used loci) estimates (MLH) were used in the analysis. ANOVA was used to determine the relationship of the dependent effects (body weight at different ages) to single locus heterozygosity using two classes: 0 (for homozygous individuals) and 1 (for heterozygous individuals). In addition, the following indicators were calculated for each genotype: the squared distances (d2) between the length of both alleles within the individual genotype for each microsatellite loci, as well as the mean squared distance (multilocus d2) between the lengths of both alleles within the individual genotype for ten microsatellite loci. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were used to measure the association between d2 scores (for each microsatellite loci) and body weight at different ages. The influence of different grades of estimates of MLH and mean d2 classes was also assessed based on ANOVA. Heterozygosity at locus BM2113 was significantly (P < 0.01) associated with heifer’s body weight at the age of 15 months and heterozygosity at locus BM1818 was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with heifer’s body weight at the age of 8 months. Significant Spearman’s rank correlations (P < 0.01...0.05) were also observed between the body weight and d2 score for four microsatellite loci BM2113, SPS115, ETH3 and BM1824. Individual mean heterozygosity estimates for 10 microsatellite loci and mean d2 estimates were weakly associated with weight performance in Southern meat cattle breed heifers.

scholarly journals Aesthetic consciousness as a predictor of the effectiveness of art therapy in coping with stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Irina L'vovna Ponomarenko ◽  
Oksana Aleksandrovna Kondrashikhina ◽  
Lyudmila Borisovna Kadysheva
Keyword(s):  
Art Therapy ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
State University ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Aesthetic Consciousness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Individual

The subject of this research is the aesthetic consciousness as a predictor of the effectiveness of art therapy in coping with stress. The goal of this article consists in studying the aesthetic consciousness as a predictor of the effectiveness of art therapy in dealing with stressful conditions of the individual. The following empirical methods were employed in the course of research: free descriptions technique of D. A. Leontiev, the scale of resistance to sources of stress of E. V. Raspopin; and Spearman's rank correlation criterion for statistical verification of determined trends and data analysis. The research involved 44 respondents &ndash; the students of the faculty of Philology of Sevastopol State University, aged from 17 to 23. It is established that resistance to certain sources of stress is clearly associated with the peculiarities of aesthetic consciousness of the individual; the following dependency is traced: the freer the subject feels in describing an aesthetic object, and the more diverse are his aesthetic reasoning, the higher is his stress resistance level in accordance with the component &ldquo;Self-others&rdquo; , and at the same time the lower is his resistance to stressors &ldquo;the Self&rdquo;. Therefore, in implementation of art therapy techniques for dealing with stressful conditions of the individual, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the development of aesthetic consciousness of the individual, readiness and ability to work with the complex visual stimuli. The scientific novelty of lies in revealing the role of aesthetic consciousness of the individual as a predictor of the effectiveness of art therapy in coping with stress.

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