scholarly journals An analysis of the structure and content of dashboards used to monitor patient safety in the inpatient setting

JAMIA Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masha Kuznetsova ◽  
Michelle L Frits ◽  
Sevan Dulgarian ◽  
Christine Iannaccone ◽  
Elizabeth Mort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Color Coding ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Future Work

Abstract The objective of this study is to review and compare patient safety dashboards used by hospitals and identify similarities and differences in their design, format, and scope. We reviewed design features of electronic copies of patient safety dashboards from a representative sample of 10 hospitals. The results show great heterogeneity in the format, presentation, and scope of patient safety dashboards. Hospitals varied in their use of performance indicators (targets, trends, and benchmarks), style of color coding, and timeframe for the displayed metrics. The average number of metrics per dashboard display was 28, with a wide range from 7 to 84. Given the large variation in dashboard design, there is a need for future work to assess which approaches are associated with the best outcomes, and how specific elements contribute to usability, to help customize dashboards to meet the needs of different clinical, and operational stakeholders.

Periodizing Secularization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive D. Field
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Master Narrative ◽  
Religious Socialization ◽  
Religious Revival ◽  
Religious Transformation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Descriptive Sense ◽  
The Church

Moving beyond the (now somewhat tired) debates about secularization as paradigm, theory, or master narrative, this book focuses upon the empirical evidence for secularization, viewed in its descriptive sense as the waning social influence of religion, in Britain. Particular emphasis is attached to the two key performance indicators of religious allegiance and churchgoing, each subsuming several sub-indicators, between 1880 and 1945, including the first substantive account of secularization during the fin de siècle. A wide range of primary sources is deployed, many relatively or entirely unknown, and with due regard to their methodological and interpretative challenges. On the back of them, a cross-cutting statistical measure of ‘active church adherence’ is devised, which clearly shows how secularization has been a reality and a gradual, not revolutionary, process. The most likely causes of secularization were an incremental demise of a Sabbatarian culture and of religious socialization (in the church, at home, and in the school). The analysis is also extended backwards, to include a summary of developments during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; and laterally, to incorporate a preliminary evaluation of a six-dimensional model of ‘diffusive religion’, demonstrating that these alternative performance indicators have hitherto failed to prove that secularization has not occurred. The book is designed as a prequel to the author’s previous volumes on the chronology of British secularization – Britain’s Last Religious Revival? (2015) and Secularization in the Long 1960s (2017). Together, they offer a holistic picture of religious transformation in Britain during the key secularizing century of 1880–1980. [250 words]

Positive Emotion in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 297-311
Author(s):  
Ilana Seager ◽  
Douglas S. Mennin ◽  
Amelia Aldao
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Emotional Dysfunction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Work

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a debilitating condition characterized by excessive, pervasive, uncontrollable, and paralyzing worries about a wide range of future situations. Individuals with this condition frequently find themselves stuck in worry and tension cycles in futile attempts at reducing uncertainty and increasing control. GAD has been associated with substantial impairments in functioning and reduced quality of life. GAD remains poorly understood, and the long-term efficacy and end-state functioning resulting from treatment are weaker compared to other anxiety disorders. Some treatments (e.g., emotion regulation therapy, acceptance-based behavioral therapy) have improved efficacy, partly by targeting emotional dysfunction. Basic psychopathology research has focused on identifying the role of negative affect in GAD, so little is known about how positive affect is experienced and regulated in this disorder. This is particularly important in light of the overlap of this condition with major depressive disorder, which is characterized by low or suppressed positive emotion. Developing such an understanding is essential to further improve the efficacy of emotion-based treatments. This chapter reviews current and future directions in the study of positive affect in GAD. The chapter reviews the nascent research on positive affect and GAD, then illustrates dimensions of future work.

scholarly journals Foraging with the frontal cortex: A cross-species evaluation of reward-guided behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Rudebeck ◽  
Alicia Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
And Function ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Intense Debate

AbstractEfficient foraging is essential to survival and depends on frontal cortex in mammals. Because of its role in psychiatric disorders, frontal cortex and its contributions to reward procurement have been studied extensively in both rodents and non-human primates. How frontal cortex of these animal models compares is a source of intense debate. Here we argue that translating findings from rodents to non-human primates requires an appreciation of both the niche in which each animal forages as well as the similarities in frontal cortex anatomy and function. Consequently, we highlight similarities and differences in behavior and anatomy, before focusing on points of convergence in how parts of frontal cortex contribute to distinct aspects of foraging in rats and macaques, more specifically. In doing so, our aim is to emphasize where translation of frontal cortex function between species is clearer, where there is divergence, and where future work should focus. We finish by highlighting aspects of foraging for which have received less attention but we believe are critical to uncovering how frontal cortex promotes survival in each species.

Assessing the Ergonomic Benefits of a New Adjustable Forklift Backrest

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 976-980
Author(s):  
Pranav Madhav Kuber ◽  
Ehsan Rashedi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Motion Capture System ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
The Mean

A new forklift backrest has been developed by incorporating adjustability concepts into the design to facilitate comfort to a wide range of users. We have conducted a comparative study between the new and original backrests to assess the effectiveness of design features. Using the phenomenon of restlessness, discomfort of the user was associated with the amount of body movement, where we have used a motion- capture system and a force platform to quantify the individuals’ movement for a wide range of body sizes. Meanwhile, subjective comfort and design feedback were collected using a questionnaire. Our results showed a reduction in the mean torso movement and the maximum center of pressure change of location by 300 and 6 mm, respectively, for the new design. Taking advantage of adjustability feature, the new backrest design exhibited enhanced comfort for longer durations and reduced magnitude of discomfort for a wide range of participants’ body sizes.

scholarly journals Emory Roybal Center for Dementia Caregiving Mastery: Diverse Responses to Letter of Intent Call

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 254-254
Author(s):  
Kenneth Hepburn ◽  
Molly Perkins ◽  
Drenna Waldrop ◽  
Leila Aflatoony ◽  
Mi-Kyung Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Dementia Caregiving ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
New Research ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Native Alaskan ◽  
Physical Care

Abstract This new NIA-supported Roybal Center seeks to support Stage 1 pilot clinical trials of programs aimed at promoting caregiving competence and confidence in the great heterogeneity of dementia caregiving contexts. During our first cycle, we received 26 letters of intent (LOI) for full applications. Responses reaffirmed the Center’s premise that dementia caregiving is remarkably varied in nature. While most proposed programs focused on generic caregiving, a number addressed caregiving issues facing specific ethnic/racial groups (African American; Korean American; Native Alaskan/American Indian; Latino), and several focused on specific dementing conditions (MCI, Lewy Body Dementia,TBI-based dementia). Most described programs centered on knowledge development and daily management skill issues (e.g., management of behaviors); others specified development of physical care skills. Decision-making and communication constituted the second most common topic. Over 40% proposed adaptation of existing programs; more than 25% proposed apps or technology interventions. Investigators represented a wide range of disciplines: 45% each from Health sciences (nursing, medicine, and social work) and Social/Behavioral sciences (principally psychology) and the rest from engineering and communications. LOIs varied most in their readiness to complete a clinical trial within a year. About 40% were in very preliminary stages; 25% were clearly poised for a Stage 1 trial; 15% did not sufficiently address the Center’s aims. Key criteria for invitations to submit full applications (n=4) included: specificity of context; clinical trial readiness; reasonableness of proposed adaptation. These criteria should guide future LOIs addressing the diversity of important new research and intervention perspectives on the multifaceted work of caregiving.

Critical Values in Anatomic Pathology

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan F. Silverman ◽  
Telma C. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Surgical Pathology ◽  
Anatomic Pathology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Enhance Patient Safety ◽  
Pathology Reports ◽  
Improve Patient

Abstract Similar to critical values (CVs) in clinical pathology, occasional diagnoses in surgical pathology and cytology could require immediate notification of the physician to rapidly initiate treatment. However, there are no established CV guidelines in anatomic pathology. A retrospective review of surgical pathology reports was recently conducted to study the incidence of CVs in surgical pathology and to survey the perceptions of pathologists and clinicians about CVs in surgical pathology, with a similar analysis of CVs performed in cytology. The results indicated that CVs in surgical pathology and cytology are uncommon but not rare and that there is a wide range of opinion among pathologists and between pathologists and clinicians about the need for an immediate telephone call and about the degree of urgency. It was obvious from the study that there is a lack of consensus in identifying what constitutes surgical pathology and cytology CV cases. Since the Institute of Medicine's report on medical errors, there has been an increasing number of initiatives to improve patient safety. Having guidelines for anatomic pathology CVs could enhance patient safety, in contrast to the current practice in which CV cases are managed based on common sense and on personal experience. Therefore, a discussion involving the pathology community might prove useful in an attempt to establish anatomic pathology CV guidelines that could represent a practice improvement.

Australian University Approaches to Indigenous Policy

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (S1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Gunstone
Keyword(s):  
Student Success ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Student Support ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Research Culture ◽  
Indigenous Policy ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Australian Universities

Abstract In this paper, I discuss several key issues – governance, employment, research, culture, anti-racism policies, curriculum, student support and student success – that are critically important in enabling universities to meet the educational needs of Indigenous peoples. I also analyse a representative sample of Australian universities and argue that Australian universities have generally failed to adequately address these key issues. Further, I compare this study to a similar study that I conducted in 2000 and analyse any similarities and differences between the two studies.

scholarly journals New Talent Signals: Shiny New Objects or a Brave New World?

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic ◽  
Dave Winsborough ◽  
Ryne A. Sherman ◽  
Robert Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
New World ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Talent Identification ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Brave New World ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Workplace Assessment

Almost 20 years after McKinsey introduced the idea of a war for talent, technology is disrupting the talent identification industry. From smartphone profiling apps to workplace big data, the digital revolution has produced a wide range of new tools for making quick and cheap inferences about human potential and predicting future work performance. However, academic industrial–organizational (I-O) psychologists appear to be mostly spectators. Indeed, there is little scientific research on innovative assessment methods, leaving human resources (HR) practitioners with no credible evidence to evaluate the utility of such tools. To this end, this article provides an overview of new talent identification tools, using traditional workplace assessment methods as the organizing framework for classifying and evaluating new tools, which are largely technologically enhanced versions of traditional methods. We highlight some opportunities and challenges for I-O psychology practitioners interested in exploring and improving these innovations.

scholarly journals Measuring Digitalization – Key Metrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Kotarba
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Potential Improvement

Abstract The article covers an analysis of metrics used to measure digitalization activities. Five main levels are analyzed - moving from the metrics of the digital economy to society, industry, enterprise, and clients. The study is based on leading public and commercial metrics used for the evaluation of the digital progress. The similarities and differences between key performance indicators on each level are discussed, forming a set of conclusions on the scope and maturity of various measurement systems and potential improvement options.

The Use of Function and Form When Reading Mechanical Engineering Drawings by Experts and Non-Experts

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Chovan ◽  
Manjula B. Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Intelligent Cad ◽  
Cad Systems ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Engineering Drawings ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Form Information

Abstract Function to form information used in reasoning about mechanical engineering drawings based on experience in design was investigated. The verbal utterances of expert mechanical designers, quasi-experts (graduate students) and novices while reading 13 mechanical engineering line drawings were recorded and analyzed for function to form relationships. A discriminant analysis of descriptions of these drawings showed similarities and differences between the design features used by each group when reasoning about the drawings. The results of this analysis and their implications for the development of intelligent CAD systems are discussed.

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