Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Poultry Tissues Containing Incurred Pesticide Residues

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 888-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M Snyder ◽  
Jerry W King ◽  
Loyd D Rowe ◽  
Julie A Woerner
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Peritoneal Tissue ◽  
Conventional Extraction ◽  
Poultry Tissues

Abstract A method using supercritical carbon dioxide to extract fat from poultry tissue was developed. Tissues used in this study were peritoneal fat, breast tissue, leg and thigh tissue, and liver from chickens fed rations containing heptachlor, dieldrin, and endrin. The fat was isolated from the peritoneal tissue by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and by thermal rendering. The fat was removed from the breast tissue, leg and thigh tissue, and liver by SFE and solvent extraction. The results indicate that recoveries of organochlorine pesticide from the peritoneal, breast, leg, and thigh tissues by SFE extraction are equivalent to those obtained by conventional extraction methods. The pesticide recoveries by SFE extraction of the liver were higher than those obtained by solvent extraction.

scholarly journals The Superiority of Supercritical Fluid Extraction Over Steam Distillation and Solvent Extraction Methods for the Extraction of Aroma from Salacca Zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1669-1677
Author(s):  
Nadhirah H. M Nur ◽  
Siti Zaiton M. S ◽  
M. S Jamshed ◽  
I. S. M Zaidul ◽  
M. R Mokhlesur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss or snake fruit is a species of palm tree native to Southwest Java and North Sumatra in Indonesia. It is known as one of the exotic fruits in Malaysia. It has a pleasant pineapple, pear and banana-like aromas. Due to its pleasant aroma, Salacca zalacca has potential in the perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. New extraction techniques were introduced in this study to overcome conventional methods limitations such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). This technique is available to extract aroma of plants and it is rapidly gaining attention due to its superior benefits over the conventional extraction methods. In this study, the volatile aroma of Salacca zalacca was extracted by steam distillation, solvents extraction with hexane, diethyl ether and dichloromethane (DCM) and SFE. Carbon dioxide was the supercritical fluid for the SFE. The efficiency and percentage yield of these extracts were compared. The percentage yields of SFE extracts were higher (10 MPa, 30 °C: 0.2577 %; 25 MPa, 30 °C: 0.2375 %; 30 MPa, 30 °C: 0.2721 %) than the steam distillation (0.1855 %), diethyl ether (0.5692 %), hexane (0.0511 %) and DCM (0.1358 %) solvent extracts. However, SFE produced a lower yield (40 MPa, 70 °C: 0.2721 %) than the diethyl ether solvent extraction (0.5692 %) but SFE was found to be more efficient and environmentally friendly.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds Obtained from Polish “Marynka” Hop Variety Using Efficient Two-Step Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Comparison of Their Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Proliferative Activities In Vitro

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2366
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Klimek ◽  
Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz ◽  
Malgorzata Miazga-Karska ◽  
Agnieszka Dębczak ◽  
Edward Rój ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Fluid Extraction

Given the health-beneficial properties of compounds from hop, there is still a growing trend towards developing successful extraction methods with the highest yield and also receiving the products with high added value. The aim of this study was to develop efficient extraction method for isolation of bioactive compounds from the Polish “Marynka” hop variety. The modified two-step supercritical fluid extraction allowed to obtain two hop samples, namely crude extract (E1), composed of α-acids, β-acids, and terpene derivatives, as well as pure xanthohumol with higher yield than that of other available methods. The post-extraction residues (R1) were re-extracted in order to obtain extract E2 enriched in xanthohumol. Then, both samples were subjected to investigation of their antibacterial (anti-acne, anti-caries), cytotoxic, and anti-proliferative activities in vitro. It was demonstrated that extract (E1) possessed more beneficial biological properties than xanthohumol. It exhibited not only better antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria strains (MIC, MBC) but also possessed a higher synergistic effect with commercial antibiotics when compared to xanthohumol. Moreover, cell culture experiments revealed that crude extract neither inhibited viability nor divisions of normal skin fibroblasts as strongly as xanthohumol. In turn, calculated selectivity indexes showed that the crude extract had from slightly to significantly better selective anti-proliferative activity towards cancer cells in comparison with xanthohumol.

scholarly journals Assessment of Conventional Solvent Extraction vs. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Khella (Ammi visnaga L.) Furanochromones and Their Cytotoxicity

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1290
Author(s):  
Noha Khalil ◽  
Mokhtar Bishr ◽  
Mohamed El-Degwy ◽  
Mohamed Abdelhady ◽  
Mohamed Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Ammi Visnaga ◽  
Conventional Solvent Extraction

Background: Khella (Ammi visnaga Lam.) fruits (Apiaceae) are rich in furanochromones, mainly khellin and visnagin, and are thus incorporated in several pharmaceutical products used mainly for treatment of renal stones. Methods: The objective of this study was to compare the yield of khellin and visnagin obtained using different conventional solvents and supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) with carbon dioxide (containing 5% methanol as co-solvent). Water, acetone and ethanol (30% and 95%) were selected as conventional solvents. Results: Highest extract yield was obtained from 30% ethanol (15.44%), while SCFE gave the lowest yield (4.50%). However, the percentage of furanochromones were highest in SCFE (30.1%), and lowest in boiling water extract (5.95%). HPLC analysis of conventional solvent extracts showed other coumarins that did not appear in supercritical fluid extraction chromatogram due to non-selectivity of solvent extraction. Ammi visnaga extracts as well as standard khellin and visnagin were tested for their cytotoxic activity using sulforhodamine B assay on breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cell lines. Results revealed a strong cytotoxic activity (IC50 < 20 µg/mL) for the SCFE and standard compounds (khellin and visnagin) (IC50 ranging between 12.54 ± 0.57 and 17.53 ± 1.03 µg/mL). However, ethanol and acetone extracts had moderate cytotoxic activity (IC50 20–90 µg/mL) and aqueous extract had a weak activity (IC50 > 90 µg/mL). Conclusions: Thus, supercritical fluid extraction is an efficient, relatively safe, and cheap technique that yielded a more selective purified extract with better cytotoxic activity.

scholarly journals Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Pyrrolidine Alkaloid from Leaves of Piper amalago L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Carrara ◽  
L. C. Filho ◽  
V. A. S. Garcia ◽  
V. S. Faiões ◽  
E. F. Cunha-Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Orthogonal Array ◽  
Design Matrix ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction ◽  
Orthogonal Array Design ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Array Design ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Extraction

Supercritical fluid extraction was used to extract the alkaloid N-[7-(3′,4′-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2(Z),4(Z)-heptadienoyl]pyrrolidine from leaves of Piper amalago L. A three-level orthogonal array design matrix, OAD OA9(34), was used for optimization of the parameters of supercritical extraction of the alkaloid, employing supercritical carbon dioxide: extraction time (20, 40, and 60 min), temperature (40, 50, and 60°C), pressure (150, 200, and 250 bar), and the use of cosolvents (ethanol, methanol, and propyleneglycol). All parameters had significant effect on the alkaloid yield. The alkaloid yield after 60 min of extraction without cosolvents at 9 different conditions (32) in terms of temperature (40, 50, and 60°C) and pressure (150, 200, and 250 bar) was also evaluated. The optimal yield (≈3.8 mg g−1) was obtained with supercritical CO2 + methanol (5% v : v) at 40°C and 200 bar for 60 min of extraction.

scholarly journals NILAI TAMBAH MINYAK AKAR WANGI DENGAN PEMEKATAN KADAR VETIVEROL MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAKSI CO2 FLUIDA SUPERKRITIK

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anny Sulaswatty ◽  
Egi Agustian
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Great Opportunity

Potensi Indonesia akan minyak akar wangi yang berorientasi ekspor dalam industri kosmetik, parfum, sabun, keperluan terapi, antiseptik, massage oil, farmasi dan pestisida memberikan peluang yang besar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dunia. Guna nilai tambah minyak akar wangi dengan meningkatkan kadar vetiverol sebagai komponen utama, diaplikasikan teknologi ekstraksi fluida karbondioksida superkritik yang merupakan perpaduan ekstraksi, fraksinasi dan deodorisasi dengan didukung keunggulan karbondioksida sebagai pelarut yang inert, ramah lingkungan, mudah dipisahkan, dan berdaya larut tinggi.  Minyak akar wangi Garut (Java vetiver oil) sebagai bahan baku, mempunyai karakteristik  kadar vetiverol  39.03 %; Bobot jenis 0.9977; indeks bias 1.5247;  putaran optik +38.1; kelarutan dalam alkohol 95%  yaitu 1:1 jernih; bilangan asam 28.1; bilangan ester 24.6; bilangan ester setelah asetilasi 115.5; serta tidak mengandung minyak lemak dan  minyak keruing. Pemilihan kondisi proses guna menghasilkan kandungan vetiverol optimal dilakukan dengan memvariasikan laju alir gas CO2, tekanan dan suhu sebagai parameter penting dalam keberhasilan proses ekstraksi minyak akar wangi dengan fluida CO2 superkritik. Pemilihan laju alir konstan dan lebih stabil  diperoleh pada 5.5 liter/menit, sedangkan untuk variasi tekanan ekstraktor (1500, 1750, 2000 psi) dan suhu ekstraktor (40-50oC);  tekanan dan suhu separator  500 psi dan 25oC serta waktu proses selama lima jam dengan pengambilan ekstrak setiap jam. Tekanan dan suhu proses yang optimal diperoleh pada 1750 psi dan suhu 40oC  dengan  rafinat minyak akar wangi berkadar vetiverol  51.82 %,  bilangan ester 7.2 dan bilangan ester setelah asetilasi  172.4. Tingginya tekanan dan rendahnya suhu berpengaruh terhadap perolehan ekstrak; penurunan rafinat; peningkatan nilai  bobot jenis ekstrak dan rafinat; indeks bias ekstrak dan rafinat; putaran optik ekstrak dan rafinat; peningkatan viskositas ekstrak dan rafinat; peningkatan bilangan ester ekstrak, bilangan ester setelah asetilasi ekstrak, serta kandungan vetiverol.Kata Kunci: Minyak Akar Wangi, Vetiverol, Ekstraksi Fluida Superkritik Potential Indonesian vetiver oil export oriented industry of cosmetics, perfumes, soaps, therapeutic purposes, antiseptic, massage oil, pharmaceutical and pesticide presents a great opportunity to meet the needs of the world. In order to add value vetiver oil by increasing the levels vetiverol as the main component, was applied to carbon dioxide supercritical fluid extraction technology which is a combination of extraction, fractionation and deodorization with excellence supported carbon dioxide as an inert solvent, eco-friendly, easily separated, and the high solubility. Garut vetiver oil (Java vetiver oil) as raw material, has the characteristics vetiverol levels 39.03%, specific gravity of 0.9977; refractive index of 1.5247; optical rotation +38.1; solubility in alcohol 95% is a clear 1:1; acid number 28.1; ester number 24.6; ester number after acetylation 115.5; as well as fats and oils contain no oil keruing. The selection process conditions in order to produce optimal vetiverol content performed by varying the flow rate of CO2 gas, pressure and temperature as an important parameter in the success of vetiver oil extraction with supercritical CO2 fluid. The selection of a constant flow rate and more stable obtained at 5.5 liters / min, whereas for pressure variation extractor (1500-2000 psi) and extractor temperature (40-50oC); separator pressure and temperature of 500 psi and 25 °C as well as the processing time for five hours by taking extracts every hour. Pressure and temperature optimum process obtained at 1750 psi and a temperature of 40oC with rafinat vetiverol vetiver oil yield of 51.82%, ester number 7.2, and ester number after acetylation 172.4. The high pressure and low temperature affect the acquisition of the extract; rafinat decline; increase in the value of specific gravity and rafinat extracts; refractive index and rafinat extract; optical rotation and rafinat extract; increase in the viscosity of the extract and rafinat; increase in numbers ester extract, ester number after acetylation extracts, as well as the content vetiverol. Key word: Vetiver Oil, Vetiverol, Supercritical Fluid Extraction.

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