Thin layer chromatographic detection of enrofloxacin antibiotic residues in poultry tissues

Antibiotic residues remain in edible portion of meat animals that have been treated with antibiotics. The aim of this study was to detect enrofloxacin residue after discriminate and indiscriminate administration and investigate the effect of enrofloxacin in growth of poultry. 18 broilers DOC (Cobb-500) were collected & reared up to 31 days. On day 16, they were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely Group–A (Control group), Group-B (Discriminate group) and Group-C (Indiscriminate group). Each group contains 6 birds. The discriminate and indiscriminate groups were treated with antibiotic, enrofloxacin. In Group-B withdrawal period was followed and treatment was stopped before 7 days of sacrifice. On the other hand, withdrawal period was not maintained in indiscriminate group and antibiotic treatment was continued until the day of sacrifice. Body weight was recorded daily in the morning. On 31st day mean body weight was highest in Group-C (1901.17 ± 15.22gm) and lowest body weight was in Group-A (1453.33 ± 26.39gm). The differences among mean weight gain were statistically significant (P<0.005) in both discriminate & indiscriminate group compared to control group. Test results found in TLC showed that in discriminate antibiotic group (Group-B) 50% liver samples, 33.33% kidney and 16.67% fat samples were enrofloxacin positive. No sample of thigh muscle, breast muscle and spleen was positive. In indiscriminate antibiotic group (group-C) all the samples were positive in case of liver, kidney, fat and spleen samples. Only 33.33% and 16.67 % samples were positive in case of fat and thigh muscle samples. All the samples of control group (Group-A) were negative. Overall, the present study documented the widespread abuse of enrofloxacin and failure to implement the recommended withdrawal period will undeniably leads to deposition of residues in broiler tissues. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2021, 5 (1), 11-18

Thin layer chromatographic investigation of antibiotics residues in edible poultry tissues in Bangladesh

Majority of the people in Bangladesh are still not aware about the health hazards of antibiotic residues. In this perspective, a survey was undertaken at five different poultry farms in the Dinajpur district. One hundred liver, one hundred thigh muscle and one hundred breast muscle samples were collected from different farms & market places and evaluated by TLC method. A very negligible number of samples were found positive for antibiotics residues. Out of one hundred liver, one hundred thigh muscle and one hundred breast muscle samples respectively; only two liver, two breast muscle and two thigh muscle samples were found positive for amoxicillin antibiotic; five liver, three breast muscle and three thigh muscle samples were found positive for ciprofloxacin; three liver, two breast muscle and two thigh muscle samples were found positive for cephalexin; two liver, two breast muscle and two thigh muscle samples were found positive for enrofloxacin; four liver, two breast muscle and two thigh muscle samples were found positive for oxytetracycline. Gentamicin and neomycin were found negative for any samples. Further investigation was done in indoor discriminate and indiscriminate use of antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and oxytetracycline) in broilers. Liver, thigh muscle and breast muscle samples were collected and evaluated by TLC method. Therefore, poultry treated with antibiotics are required for specific withdrawal period until all residues are depleted to safe levels before human consumption. This research project provides idea that Bangladeshi poultry products are free of antibiotics residues in north area (Dinajpur District) of Bangladesh.

Judicious and non-judicious use of cephalexin antibiotic in indoor poultry experimentation and detection of cephalexin residues in edible poultry tissues

Antibiotics are the most widely injudiciously used drugs for therapeutic purposes throughout the world. This study aimed to detect cephalexin residue after discriminate and indiscriminate administration of cephalexin antibiotic in broiler. Eighteen broiler chicks, DOC (Cobb-500) were collected & reared for up to 31 days. The chicks were randomly divided into three groups namely control group (Group-A), discriminate cephalexin group (Group-B) and indiscriminate cephalexin group (Group-C). Each group consists of 6 birds. In this investigation, only a detectable level of antibiotic residues was found in indiscriminate group of poultry. A total of 72 samples were investigated by the TLC method. The overall residue of cephalexin found in indiscriminate group as in liver (100%), kidney (83.33%), thigh muscle (25.00%), breast muscle (8.33%), fat and spleen (66.67%) respectively. The final average body weight were recorded highest in indiscriminate antibiotic group (1804.17 ± 73.92gm) followed by discriminate group (1741.33 ± 63.63gm) and control group (1453.33 ± 26.39gm). The body weight was found significantly (p<0.05) higher in the antibiotic treated groups. The hematological parameters such as Hb, PCV and TEC values of treatment groups showed significantly (p<0.05) lower, while PCV did not show any significant difference compared to the control group. Overall, the present study documented the widespread abuse of cephalexin and failure to implement the recommended withdrawal period will undeniably lead to deposition of residues in broiler tissues.

Discriminate and indiscriminate use of ciprofloxacin antibiotic and detection of ciprofloxacin residues in edible poultry tissues

Abuse of antibiotics is more common in developing countries. This study was undertaken to investigate the presence of ciprofloxacin residue in broiler tissues and effects of antibiotics misuse on hematological parameters in broilers. Day old chicks (DOC) were collected and reared up to 31 days. The treatment was started from 16th day until sacrifice. On day 14th, the chicks were randomly divided into three groups namely control group (group A), discriminate antibiotic group (group B), and indiscriminate antibiotic group (group C). The control group was left untreated whereas, the discriminate group was treated with antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, followed by withdrawal period of one week. On the other hand antibiotic treatment was continued in the indiscriminate antibiotic group until the day of sacrifice, without maintaining withdrawal period. The mean body weight gain in treatment period (14 days) was the highest in discriminate group (1312± 26.1gm) followed by indiscriminate group (1089± 222.8gm) and control group (823.3±90.2gm). The Thin Layer Chromatography revealed that all the samples were positive in indiscriminate group with an exception of fat tissue (66.7%). The 50% liver and 33.3% kidney was ciprofloxacin positive in discriminate group and all others were negative. There was no positive sample in control group. . The hematological parameters such as Hb, PCV and TEC values of treatment groups showed significantly (p<0.05) lower, while PCV did not show any significant difference compared to the control group. Hence this experiment identifies the potential effects of ciprofloxacin misuse in broilers and their subsequent impacts on hemolytic system.

Preparation of protein products from collagen-rich poultry tissues

Chicken stomachs are by-products obtained from the poultry processing in slaughterhouses. Their amount has been gradually increasing as a consequence of a continually rising poultry consumption. Since these animal tissues are still rich in proteins, mainly collagen, fat, and minerals, it is essential and beneficial to investigate the appropriate management and further processing. Collagen could be extracted from chicken stomachs and used as a raw material in the food, cosmetic, medical, and also pharmaceutical industry. This paper is to investigate possibilities of such extraction of collagen products, gelatines, or alternatively hydrolysates, from chicken stomachs after prior biotechnological treatment with the proteolytic enzyme Protamex. In this experiment, non-collagenous proteins were removed from stomachs using 0.03 M NaOH and 0.2 M NaCl. Subsequently, the tissue was defatted applying acetone and the enzyme Lipolase. Purified and dried collagen was then treated with the proteolytic enzyme Protamex. In the last step, gelatine was extracted from the tissue in hot water. The influence of selected processing parameters on the extraction efficiency and final product quality was monitored. The extraction conditions included the amount of the added enzyme (0.1 – 0.4%) and the extraction temperature of between 60 and 65 °C. The total gelatine yield ranged from 43.80 to 96.45% and the gel strength varied from 2 ±0 to 429 ±8 Bloom. The enzymatic treatment of the raw material is an economical and ecological alternative to traditional acid or alkaline treatments. Extracted gelatine with the gel strength of 100 – 300 Bloom would be suitable for the applications in the food industry in the production of confectionery, marshmallow, aspic or dairy products.

Chemiluminescence determination of furazolidone in poultry tissues and water samples after selective solid phase microextraction using magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers

For the first time, a selective extraction method combined with chemiluminescence was developed for the determination of FZD in various samples.