223 The effects of supplemental zinc and ractopamine hydrochloride on the Longissimus dorsi proteome of finishing beef steers

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine how steer growth rate and Zn nutrition affects the muscle proteome. Forty-eight, high percentage Angus steers (494 ± 18.2 kg) were blocked by BW and GeneMax gain score (GeneMax Focus, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) to treatments arranged in a 2×2 factorial. On d 0, steers were assigned to control (CON; 36 mg Zn/kg dry matter [DM]) or supranutritional Zn (SUPZN; CON + 60 mg Zn/kg DM as ZnSO4+ 60 mg Zn/kg DM as Zn-amino acid complex) dietary treatment (ZNTRT), and housed in pens (n = 6 or 8 steers/pen) with Growsafe bunks. On d 62, within ZNTRT steers were assigned to ractopamine hydrochloride treatments (RACTRT) of 0 (NO) or 300 mg·steer-1·d-1(RAC) for 28 d. Longissimus dorsi biopsies (between 12thand 13thrib) were collected on d 77. Sarcoplasmic fractions were extracted and submitted for proteomics analysis using mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Data were log transformed and comparisons made using t-tests with adjusted P-value cutoffs of 0.1. Differences were noted in abundance of proteins involved in glycolytic, retinol and fatty acid metabolism. A shift from slow to fast muscle fiber type was suggested by decreased abundance of myoglobin and slow skeletal troponin 1 in steers fed RAC compared to steers not fed RAC within CON (P ≤ 0.04), while these proteins also tended to be lesser due to SUPZN within steers not fed RAC (P ≤0.09). The intermediate filament associated protein, vimentin, tended to be less abundant in RAC steers (P ≤ 0.09), suggesting RAC affects cellular remodeling. Proteins involved in immune function were also affected; for instance, the acute phase protein alpha-1-acid glycoprotein was more abundant in CON-RAC compared to either SUPZN-RAC (P = 0.001) or CON-NO (P = 0.02). Ractopamine hydrochloride and supranutritional Zn, independently and collectively, affect proteins involved in muscle metabolism, cellular remodeling and immune function in beef steers.

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291 Influence of feeding amino acid complexes of zinc and copper on growth performance and carcass response of finishing steers fed ractopamine hydrochloride

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.392 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 212-213

Author(s):

Chanda Engel ◽

Gary Tibbetts ◽

Mark Branine

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Animal Health ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Individual Animal ◽

Acid Complex ◽

Amino Acid Complex ◽

Finishing Steers ◽

Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽

Eden Prairie

Abstract A 42-d research study evaluated effects of feeding beef steers increasing levels of dietary Zn from Zn methionine (AAC-Zn; ZINPRO, Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN) with or without supplemental Cu from Cu amino acid complex (AAC-Cu; Availa Cu, Zinpro Corp.) concurrently with ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC; Optaflexx, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN). One hundred-twenty steers (mean BW = 624 kg), ≤ 50 d from projected harvest were randomized to three pens (40 steers/pen) equipped with GrowSafe Systems (Calgary AB, Canada) feed bunk technology. Each pen was assigned to one of three treatment diets: 1) basal finishing diet + 30 mg Zn/kg DM from AAC-Zn (CON); 2) basal finishing diet + 90 mg Zn/kg DM from AAC-Zn (AAC-Zn90); or 3) AAC-Zn90 diet + 10 mg Cu/kg DM from AAC-Cu (AAC-Zn/Cu). Following allocation to treatments, cattle were acclimated to pen cohorts and GrowSafe feed bunks for 7 days. All steers were fed 300 mg RAC∙hd-1∙d-1 starting 35 d prior to harvest. Individual feed intake measurements began with RAC feeding and continued for 35 d until cattle were shipped for harvest. Carcass data were collected from each steer. Data were analyzed with individual animal as the experimental unit using PROC MIXED and PROC GLIMMIX procedures of SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Numerically AAC-Zn90 fed cattle had heavier carcass weights than CON and AAC-Zn/Cu. Steers fed AAC-Zn90 had greater (P = 0.02) marbling scores compared to AAC-Zn/Cu. Steers fed AAC-Zn90 had lower backfat thickness (P = 0.02) and numerically greater marbling scores compared to CON. A biphasic program of feeding a lower level of AAC-Zn for the duration of the finishing phase followed by an increased rate of AAC-Zn during RAC feeding may optimize overall live and carcass response and improve total individual animal value.

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Exploring the effects of supranutritional zinc and ractopamine hydrochloride on the proteome and phosphoproteome of the Longissimus dorsi in beef steers

10.31274/etd-20200902-58 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Katherine Grace Hochmuth

Keyword(s):

Longissimus Dorsi ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Ractopamine Hydrochloride

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396 Effect of zinc amino acid complexes on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers fed with or without ractopamine hydrochloride- a nine study pooled analysis

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.327 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 159-159

Author(s):

Christopher Reinhardt ◽

Allison Millican ◽

Tryon Wickersham ◽

Connie Larson ◽

Mark Branine

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Acid Complex ◽

Main Effect ◽

Ractopamine Hydrochloride

Abstract A nine-study retrospective pooled analysis was conducted to evaluate supplemental Zn provided as an amino acid complex (ZnAA) on growth performance, carcass quality and yield in finishing beef steers fed with or without ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) prior to slaughter. Data from nine well-controlled studies conducted at university and commercial feedlot research facilities in AB, IA, KS, OK and TX were evaluated using 249 pens ranging from 6 to 275 steers /pen (Total number=14,096 animals.; initial BW = 340± 6.2 kg). Treatments evaluated were: (1) Control (CON) =basal diet with 0 to 11 mg-1·kg-1 DM ZnAA and no RAC; (2) RAC = 200 to 320 mg RAC ∙hd-1∙d-1 fed 28 to 42 d prior to slaughter; (3) ZnAA only =30 to 120 mg-1·kg-1 DM fed throughout finishing period; (4) ZnAA + RAC. Main effects of feeding RAC, ZnAA and RAC × ZnAA interaction were determined for growth performance and carcass data with pen as experimental unit and initial BW as covariate. Combined analyses indicated no RAC × ZnAA interactions (P ≥ 0.23). RAC main effect improved carcass-adjusted growth performance and increased HCW and ribeye area (P ≤ 0.01). Main effect ZnAA increased carcass-adjusted final BW, ADG, and HCW (P ≤ 0.01); improved carcass-adjusted Gain: DM feed ratio (P = 0.06), dressing percentage (P = 0.02), and increased calculated yield grade, backfat thickness and percentage of carcass internal fat (P ≤ 0.10). A RAC × ZnAA interaction (P ≤ 0.10) was observed for USDA quality and yield grade distribution of carcasses. Incidence and severity of liver abscesses were reduced (P ≤ 0.05) by feeding either ZnAA or RAC. Feeding ZnAA and RAC to finishing cattle separately or in combination were additive for producing incremental improvements in production and carcass traits of economic importance.

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90 The influence of supplemental zinc, zinc source, and dietary energy level on performance measures of beef steers

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.092 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 51-51

Author(s):

Remy N Carmichael ◽

Stephanie L Hansen ◽

Olivia Genther-Schroeder

Keyword(s):

Dietary Treatment ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Marbling Score ◽

Plasma Nefa ◽

Acid Complex ◽

Amino Acid Complex ◽

Supplemental Zinc ◽

Energy Strategies

Abstract The objective was to determine if steer performance improved with supplemental Zn above recommended concentrations with increasing growth rate. Angus steers (n = 72; 324 ± 2.1kg BW) were blocked by BW within growing diets to one of three Zn strategies (ZNTRT) 1) no supplemental Zn (analyzed 36 mg Zn/kg DM; CON), 2) supranutritional Zn as ZnSO4(CON + 120 mg Zn/kg DM; INZN), or 3) supranutritional Zn blend (CON + 60 mg Zn/kg as ZnSO4 + 60 mg Zn/kg as Zn-amino acid complex; ZNBLD) fed for 60 d, then assigned to dietary energy strategies (ENERGY) targeting growth rates of 1.6 (LOW) or 2 kg/d (HI). On d 60, HI steers were transitioned for 7 d and all animals received respective treatments for an additional 91 d finishing period (n = 12). Data were analyzed as a 3×2 factorial in Proc Mixed of SAS with block as fixed effect; steer was experimental unit. After 60 d of dietary treatment BW tended to be greater in Zn-fed steers vs. CON (P = 0.07). Finishing DMI within HI was similar between INZN and ZNBLD, which were greater than CON, while within LOW no differences were detected due to ZNTRT (ZNTRT×ENERGY; P = 0.01). Neither ZNTRT×ENERGY nor ZNTRT effects (P ≥ 0.37) were detected for finishing ADG, HCW, marbling score, yield grade or backfat. However, finishing period ADG, hot carcass weight, marbling score, yield grade, and back fat were greater in HI vs. LOW (P ≤ 0.05). Plasma NEFA concentrations were lesser for steers receiving HI vs. LOW (P = 0.02), while BUN was unaffected by ZNTRT or ENERGY (P ≥ 0.42). Steer performance was influenced by supranutritional Zn and dietary energy.

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0880 Influence of zinc amino acid complex and ractopamine hydrochloride supplementation on the sarcoplasmic protein profile of finishing steers

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jam2016-0880 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽

pp. 423-423

Author(s):

O. N. Genther-Schroeder ◽

E. Huff-Lonergan ◽

M. E. Branine ◽

S. L. Hansen

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Protein Profile ◽

Acid Complex ◽

Amino Acid Complex ◽

Sarcoplasmic Protein ◽

Finishing Steers ◽

Ractopamine Hydrochloride

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Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen excretion of finishing beef cattle

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txab036 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

B N Harsh ◽

B J Klatt ◽

M J Volk ◽

A R Green-Miller ◽

J C McCann

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fluid ◽

Block Design ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽

Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽

Urinary Nitrogen

Abstract The objective was to quantify the effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist (β-AA) ractopamine hydrochloride (Actogain, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) on nitrogen excretion and nutrient digestibility in feedlot cattle. In experiment 1, twelve Simmental × Angus steers were blocked by bodyweight (531 ± 16 kg) and used in a randomized complete block design. Dietary treatments included: 1) a control without β-AA (CON) or 2) 400 mg/steer/d ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) for 35 d before slaughter. Diets contained (DM basis) 55% dry rolled corn, 20% corn silage, 15% modified wet distillers grains with solubles, and 10% supplement. For each block, total collection of feed, orts, feces and urine were conducted for two 5 d sampling periods during week 2 and 4 of RAC supplementation. No interaction (P > 0.21) between treatment and collection period was observed for any parameter evaluated. Dietary treatment had no effect (P = 0.51) on DMI, but RAC had decreased fecal DM output (P = 0.04) compared with CON. Thus, RAC had greater apparent total tract DM digestibility (77.2 vs. 73.5%; P < 0.01), N digestibility (72.4 vs. 69.4%; P = 0.01), and NDF digestibility (65.6 vs. 60.2%; P < 0.01) than CON. Although treatment did not affect nitrogen intake (P = 0.52), RAC tended to reduce total nitrogen excretion (113.3 vs. 126.7 g/d; P = 0.10) compared with CON due to a tendency for decreased fecal nitrogen output (53.9 vs. 61.3 g/d; P = 0.10). However, dietary treatment had no effect (P = 0.53) on urinary nitrogen output or percentage of urinary nitrogen excreted as urea (P = 0.28). Experiment 2 was an in vitro experiment conducted to validate the effects of RAC on nutrient digestibility using Simmental × Angus heifers (451 ± 50 kg). Rumen fluid was collected individually by stomach tube from CON- (n = 9) and RAC-fed (n = 10) heifers to inoculate bottles containing a CON or RAC-containing substrate in a split-plot design. No interaction between rumen fluid source and in vitro substrate was observed. Greater IVDMD (P = 0.01) was observed in rumen fluid from RAC-fed heifers compared with rumen fluid from CON-fed heifers. Inclusion of RAC in the in vitro substrate increased IVDMD (P < 0.01). Overall, feeding RAC increased microbial digestion of the dry-rolled corn-based finishing diet to increase total tract dry mater digestion by 5% and reduce nitrogen excretion by 10.6% in the 35 d period prior to slaughter.

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401 Effect of zinc source and ractopamine hydrochloride on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of steers fed in confinement to harvest

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.329 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 160-160

Author(s):

John Wagner ◽

William T Nelson ◽

Terry Engle ◽

Jerry Spears ◽

Jeff Heldt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Live Animal ◽

Zinc Source ◽

Dressing Percentage ◽

Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract Four hundred and thirty-two beef steers (346.3 ± 63.7 kg BW) were used to determine the effects of Zn source on feedlot cattle fed ractopamine hydrochloride. Cattle were blocked in groups of 54 by BW and housed in 48 pens containing 9 steers per pen. Pens within a weight block were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, with factors being: 1) 0 or 30.1 mg of ractopamine HCl/kg DM fed during the final 29 days on feed; and 2) Zn source: 90 mg of supplemental Zn/kg DM from ZnSO4; Zn sulfate (67%) + Zn methionine (33%); and Zn from Zn hydroxychloride, fed through the entire feeding period. Cattle were fed a high concentrate finishing diet for 154 d and slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Average daily gain, DMI, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics were determined after slaughter. Zinc source had no impact on live animal performance. Cattle fed ractopamine HCl had greater (P < 0.01) final BW, greater (P < 0.001) ADG, improved (P < 0.001) G:F, heavier (P < 0.01) HCW, and larger (P < 0.05) longissimus muscle compared to non-ractopamine supplemented steers. There was a Zn source by ractopamine interaction (P < 0.01) for dressing percentage. Cattle receiving ractopamine HCl with Zn hydroxychloride had a greater dressing percentage (P < 0.05) when compared to ractopamine HCl cattle fed other Zn sources. Cattle receiving ractopamine HCl with Zn sulfate had a lesser dressing percentage (P < 0.05) when compared to ractopamine HCl cattle fed other Zn sources. Additional Zn source by ractopamine HCl interactions were not significant. These data indicate that Zn source has minimal impacts on feedlot steer performance and carcass characteristics when supplemented to cattle receiving 0.0 or 30.1 mg of ractopamine HCl/kg DM.

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Effects of voluntary removal of ractopamine hydrochloride (Optaflexx) on live performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txab047 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

P J Rincker ◽

J B Allen ◽

M Edmonds ◽

M S Brown ◽

J C Kube

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Live Performance ◽

Meet Residue ◽

Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽

The Impact ◽

Linear Manner

Abstract There is a lack of consistency across the globe in how countries establish tissue ractopamine residue limits and which residue limits are applied to various tissues, particularly for edible noncarcass tissues. Therefore, some US beef slaughter organizations have recommended a 48-h voluntary removal of ractopamine before slaughter in order to meet residue requirements of specific export countries and maintain international trade. Our objective was to assess the impact of voluntary removal of ractopamine hydrochloride (Optaflexx®; Elanco, Greenfield, IN) up to 8 d before slaughter on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Crossbred beef steers (60 pens of 10 animals/pen) with an initial shrunk body weight (BW) of 611.8 ± 10 kg SEM were fed one of six treatments over 42 d. Treatments included a control that did not receive ractopamine, on-label use of ractopamine (0-d withdrawal), and 2, 4, 6, or 8 d of voluntary removal of ractopamine from feed before slaughter. The start of ractopamine feeding (30.1 mg/kg of diet dry matter for 32 d) was staggered so that blocks could be slaughtered on the same day. Dry matter intake was decreased by 0.5 kg/d when ractopamine was fed with a 0-d withdrawal (P = 0.04) compared to the control, but was not altered (P = 0.56) as the duration of ractopamine removal increased from 0 to 8 d. Final BW, total BW gain, and average daily BW gain were increased by feeding ractopamine with a 0-d withdrawal (P = 0.09) compared to the control, but these variables decreased in a linear manner (P = 0.10) as the duration of removal increased from 0 to 8 d. Gain efficiency was improved by 15% (P < 0.01) by feeding ractopamine with a 0-d withdrawal compared to the control, and gain efficiency decreased linearly (P = 0.06) as the duration of ractopamine removal increased. Approximately 2/3 of the increase in gain efficiency remained after 8 d of removal. Hot carcass weight was increased by 6 kg (P = 0.02) by feeding ractopamine with a 0-d withdrawal compared to the control. Measured carcass characteristics were not altered by ractopamine feeding or by removal before slaughter (P ≥ 0.24). The consequences of voluntary removal of ractopamine up to 8 d before slaughter were a linear decrease in live BW gain (0.64 kg/d), poorer gain efficiency, and numerically lighter carcass weight.

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Comprehensive Analysis of lncRNAs and circRNAs Reveals the Metabolic Specialization in Oxidative and Glycolytic Skeletal Muscles

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20122855 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 2855 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Linyuan Shen ◽

Mailin Gan ◽

Qianzi Tang ◽

Guoqing Tang ◽

Yanzhi Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Skeletal Muscles ◽

Target Genes ◽

Fiber Type ◽

Muscle Metabolism ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Oxidation Reduction ◽

Regulatory Analysis

The biochemical and functional differences between oxidative and glycolytic muscles could affect human muscle health and animal meat quality. However, present understanding of the epigenetic regulation with respect to lncRNAs and circRNAs is rudimentary. Here, porcine oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles, which were at the growth curve inflection point, were sampled to survey variant global expression of lncRNAs and circRNAs using RNA-seq. A total of 4046 lncRNAs were identified, including 911 differentially expressed lncRNAs (p < 0.05). The cis-regulatory analysis identified target genes that were enriched for specific GO terms and pathways (p < 0.05), including the oxidation-reduction process, glycolytic process, and fatty acid metabolic. All these were closely related to different phenotypes between oxidative and glycolytic muscles. Additionally, 810 circRNAs were identified, of which 137 were differentially expressed (p < 0.05). Interestingly, some circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks were found, which were closely linked to muscle fiber-type switching and mitochondria biogenesis in muscles. Furthermore, 44.69%, 39.19%, and 54.01% of differentially expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs respectively were significantly enriched in pig quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions for growth and meat quality traits. This study reveals a mass of candidate lncRNAs and circRNAs involved in muscle physiological functions, which may improve understanding of muscle metabolism and development from an epigenetic perspective.

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