scholarly journals 12 Genetic and phenotypic parameters for Aleutian disease tests and their correlations with growth and pelt quality traits in American mink

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
Guoyu Hu ◽  
Duy Ngoc Do ◽  
Janine Gray ◽  
Karim Karimi ◽  
Younes Miar
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
American Mink ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Significant Heritability ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Aleutian disease brings tremendous financial losses to the mink industry. The ineffective immunoprophylaxis, medication, and culling strategies have urged the mink industry to select mink with low quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (qELISA) score or negative counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) test result. However, little is known about the heritabilities of qELISA and CEIP as well as their relationships with growth and pelt quality traits. The traits, including qELISA, CIEP, body length at harvest (HLEN), the size of dried pelt (SIZE), the overall quality of dried pelt (QUA), and the nap length of dried pelt (NAP), were measured on 1,683 American mink from the Canadian Center for Fur Animal Research (Nova Scotia, Canada) and Millbank Fur Farm (Ontario, Canada). Significance (P < 0.05) of fixed effects (sex, farm, age, and color) and random effects (common litter, permanent environment, and dam) were determined by univariate analyses, while genetic and phenotypic parameters for all traits were estimated under bivariate analyses using ASREML 4.1. Estimated heritabilities (±SE) were 0.41±0.07 for qELISA, 0.06±0.06 for CIEP, 0.39±0.06 for HLEN, 0.46±0.07 for SIZE, 0.25±0.06 for QUA, and 0.46±0.08 for NAP. The qELISA showed non-significant (P > 0.05) genetic correlations with HLEN (0.05±0.13) and dried pelt traits (0.02±0.18 with SIZE, -0.21±0.20 with QUA, and -0.13±0.16 with NAP). The CIEP only showed a significant (P < 0.05) negative genetic correlation with SIZE (-0.85±0.33). The moderate-to-high heritabilities of qELISA, HLEN, SIZE, QUA, and NAP indicated that these traits can be genetically improved through a genetic/genomic selection. The low and non-significant heritability of CIEP indicated the ineffectiveness of direct selection for this trait. The estimated genetic parameters for qELISA suggested that selection for lower qELISA scores may not interfere with the selection of pelt size and quality in the genetic improvement programs of American mink.

scholarly journals PSVIII-38 Late-Breaking Abstract: Estimating genetic parameters of feed efficiency traits in American mink

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 347-347
Author(s):  
Pourya Davoudi ◽  
Duy Ngoc Do ◽  
Guoyu Hu ◽  
Siavash Salek Ardestani ◽  
Younes Miar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
American Mink ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Feed cost is the major input cost in the mink industry and thus improvement of feed efficiency through selection for high feed efficient mink is necessary for the mink farmers. The objective of this study was to estimate the heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations for different feed efficiency measures, including final body weight (FBW), daily feed intake (DFI), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). For this purpose, 1,088 American mink from the Canadian Center for Fur Animal Research at Dalhousie Faculty of Agriculture were recorded for daily feed intake and body weight from August 1 to November 14 in 2018 and 2019. The univariate models were used to test the significance of sex, birth year and color as fixed effects, and dam as a random effect. Genetic parameters were estimated via bivariate models using ASReml-R version 4. Estimates of heritabilities (±SE) were 0.41±0.10, 0.37±0.11, 0.33±0.14, 0.24±0.09 and 0.22±0.09 for FBW, DFI, ADG, FCR and RFI, respectively. The genetic correlation (±SE) was moderate to high between FCR and RFI (0.68±0.15) and between FCR and ADG (-0.86±0.06). In addition, RFI had low non-significant (P > 0.05) genetic correlations with ADG (0.04 ± 0.26) and BW (0.16 ± 0.24) but significant (P < 0.05) high genetic correlation with DFI (0.74 ± 0.11) indicating that selection for lower RFI will reduce feed intake without adverse effects on the animal size and growth rate. The results suggested that RFI can be implemented in genetic/genomic selection programs to reduce feed intake in the mink production system.

18 Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters for Aleutian Disease Tests and Their Correlations with Pelt Quality, Reproductive Performance, Packed-cell Volume, and Harvest Length in Mink

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
Guoyu Hu ◽  
Duy Ngoc Do ◽  
Karim Karimi ◽  
Younes Miar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Aleutian disease (AD) is an untreatable immune complex disease in mink and brings tremendous economic losses to the mink industry globally. The ineffectiveness of culling, immunoprophylaxis, and medical treatment in controlling AD have urged mink farmers to select AD-resilient mink based on the AD tests. However, the genetic analysis of these tests and their correlations with AD-resilient traits have not been investigated. In this study, data on 5,824 mink were used to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters of four AD tests, including two systems of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), and iodine agglutination test (IAT), and their genetic and phenotypic correlations with pelt quality, reproductive performance, packed-cell volume (PCV), and harvest length (HL). Significance (P < 0.05) of fixed effects (sex, year, color type, the number of mating, and dam age), covariates (age at blood sampling and age at harvest), and random effects (additive genetic, permanent environmental, and maternal effects) were determined using univariate models. The genetic and phenotypic parameters for all traits were estimated under bivariate models using ASReml 4.1. Estimated heritabilities (±SE) were 0.39±0.05, 0.61±0.07, 0.11±0.07, and 0.26±0.05 for antigen-based ELISA (ELISA-G), virus capsid protein-based ELISA, CIEP, and IAT, respectively. The ELISA-G showed moderate repeatability (0.58±0.04) and significant (P < 0.05) negative genetic correlations (±SE) with reproductive performance traits (from -0.41±0.16 to -0.49±0.12), PCV (-0.53±0.09), and HL (-0.45±0.16). These results indicated that the selection of mink with a lower ELISA-G score could not only decrease the anti-AMDV antibody level and the extent of anemia but also improve the female reproductive performance and the harvest length of mink without causing adverse influences on the pelt quality. Hence, ELISA-G could be applied as an indicator for genetic selection of AD-resilient mink and help mink farmers reduce the adverse effects of AD.

Genetic evaluation of crossbred lamb production. 4. Genetic parameters for first-cross animal performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 839 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Ingham ◽  
N. M. Fogarty ◽  
A. R. Gilmour ◽  
R. A. Afolayan ◽  
L. J. Cummins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Meat Quality Traits ◽  
Lamb Growth

The study estimated heritability for lamb growth and carcass performance, hogget ewe wool production, and worm egg count among crossbred progeny of maternal breed sires, as well as the genetic and phenotypic correlations among the traits. The data were from crossbred progeny of 91 sires from maternal breeds including Border Leicester, East Friesian, Finnsheep, Coopworth, White Suffolk, Corriedale, and Booroola Leicester. The sires were mated to Merino ewes at 3 sites over 3 years (and also Corriedale ewes at one site), with 3 common sires used at each site and year to provide genetic links. These sheep comprised part of the national maternal sire central progeny test program (MCPT) to evaluate the genetic variation for economically important production traits in progeny of maternal and dual-purpose (meat and wool) sires and the scope for genetic improvement. The matings resulted in 7846 first-cross lambs born, with 2964 wether lambs slaughtered at an average age of 214 days, and wool data from 2795 hogget ewes. Data were analysed using univariate mixed models containing fixed effects for site, year, sex and type of birth and rearing, dam source and sire breed, and random terms for sire and dam effects. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated based on variances from progeny of 70 sires by fitting the same mixed models using a REML procedure in univariate and multivariate analyses. Estimates of heritability were low for lamb growth traits (0.07–0.29), meat colour and meat pH (0.10–0.23), and faecal worm egg count (0.10), moderate for carcass fat and muscle traits (0.32–0.47), and moderate to high for wool traits (0.36–0.55). Estimates of direct genetic correlations among liveweights at various ages were high and positive (0.41–0.77) and those between liveweights and most carcass and meat quality traits were small and varied in sign. Liveweights were moderately to highly positively correlated with most wool traits, except fibre diameter (–0.28–0.08). The study indicates that there is genetic variation for wool, growth, carcass, and meat quality traits, as well as for faecal worm egg count, with scope for selection within Australian maternal sire breeds of sheep.

Opportunities for genetic improvement of lamb survival

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Brien ◽  
M. L. Hebart ◽  
D. H. Smith ◽  
J. E. Hocking Edwards ◽  
J. C. Greeff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Lamb Survival ◽  
Net Reproduction ◽  
Birth Time

Data on lamb survival and associated traits involving records from 15 192 lambs, 6308 dams and 284 sires from the Sheep CRC’s Information Nucleus were studied. Lamb survival to 3 days of age and to weaning was 85 and 80%, respectively, and heritability (±s.e.) was 0.014 ± 0.010 and 0.010 ± 0.010, respectively. Of the 14 traits recorded at birth, time taken for the lamb to bleat, rectal temperature and crown–rump length had the highest genetic correlations with lamb survival to weaning (–0.43 ± 0.32, 0.56 ± 0.33 and –0.38 ± 0.36, respectively). Under selection for a multi-trait objective including net reproduction rate (but not lamb survival), survival was predicted to decline genetically by 0.25 lambs weaned per 100 lambs born.year, although this was reversed to a gain of 0.20 lambs weaned per 100 lambs born.year by including the trait in the breeding objective and using 50 half-sib and 50 progeny records per selection candidate. Accuracy of selection for lamb survival was improved to 0.735 with a selection index of lamb survival to weaning, lamb ease, birth coat score, time taken to bleat, rectal temperature and crown–rump length, with the addition of 50 half-sibs and 50 progeny records per candidate. Our results suggest that unless actively incorporated into breeding objectives, lamb survival may genetically decline; however, gains are possible with direct selection using half-sib and progeny records. The addition of indirect selection criteria for lamb survival can further improve accuracy, up to 93.4%, but requires further investigation.

Can we breed Merino sheep with softer, whiter, more photostable wool?

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hatcher ◽  
P. I. Hynd ◽  
K. J. Thornberry ◽  
S. Gabb
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Current Generation ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Initial Cohort ◽  
Selection For

Genetic parameters (heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations) were estimated for a range of visual and measured wool traits recorded from the 2008 shearing of the initial cohort of Merino progeny born into the Sheep CRC’s Information Nucleus Flock. The aim of this initial analysis was to determine the feasibility of selectively breeding Merino sheep for softer, whiter, more photostable wool and to quantify the likely impact on other wool production and quality traits. The estimates of heritability were high for handle and clean colour (0.86 and 0.70, respectively) and moderate for photostability (0.18), with some evidence of maternal effects for both handle and photostability. The phenotypic correlations between handle and clean colour and between handle and photostability were close to zero, indicating that achieving the ‘triple’ objective of softer, whiter, more photostable wool in the current generation through phenotypic selection alone would be difficult. There was evidence of an antagonistic relationship between handle and photostability (–0.36), such that genetic selection for softer wool will produce less photostable wool that will yellow on exposure to UV irradiation. However genetic selection for whiter wool is complementary to photostability and will result in whiter wool that is less likely to yellow. Genetic selection to improve handle, colour and photostability can be achieved with few detrimental effects on other visual and measured wool traits, particularly if they are included in an appropriate selection index.

Selection for cow lifetime pregnancy rate using bull and heifer growth and reproductive traits in composite cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Mwansa ◽  
R. A. Kemp ◽  
D. H. Crews Jr ◽  
J. P. Kastelic ◽  
D. R. C. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Genetic Change ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Selection For

Genetic correlations of lifetime pregnancy rate with bull and heifer growth and reproductive traits in a beef composite population were estimated. Yearling scrotal circumference had an unfavorable genetic correlation (rg = −0.25) while yearling tonometer score was favorably related (rg = 0.22) to lifetime pregnancy rate. Heifer pregnancy rate, birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight and age at puberty in heifers had significant genetic correlations (rg = 0.97, 0.58, 0.57, 0.33 and −0.21, respectively) with lifetime pregnancy rate. Lifetime pregnancy rate may be successfully predicted by easy-to-measure heifer growth traits. Using indices including scrotal and heifer growth traits, annual genetic change in lifetime pregnancy rate may be increased 3.1 times compared with direct selection. Key words: Scrotal circumference, tonometer, pregnancy, reproduction, puberty

scholarly journals Heritability, Genetic and Phenotypic Correlations, and Predicted Selection Response of Quantitative Traits in Peach: I. An Analysis of Several Reproductive Traits

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdomiro A.B. de Souza ◽  
David H. Byrne ◽  
Jeremy F. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Flower Density

Seedlings of 108 families from crosses among 42 peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cultivars and selections were evaluated for six plant characteristics in 1993, 1994, and 1995. The data were analyzed by using a mixed linear model, with years treated as fixed and additive genotypes as random factors. Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) was used to estimate fixed effects. Restricted maximum likelihood (REML) was used to estimate variance components, and a multiple trait model was used to estimate genetic and phenotypic covariances among traits. The narrow-sense heritability estimates were 0.41, 0.29, 0.48, 0.47, 0.43, and 0.23 for flower density, flowers per node, node density, fruit density, fruit set, and blind node propensity, respectively. Most genetic correlations among pairs of traits were ≥0.30 and were, in general, much higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlations. Flower density and flowers per node (ra = 0.95), fruit density and fruit set (ra = 0.84) and flower density and fruit density (ra = 0.71) were the combinations of traits that had the highest genetic correlation estimates. Direct selection practiced solely for flower density (either direction) is expected to have a greater effect on fruit density than direct selection for fruit density.

Performance of Hereford and crossbred Hereford cattle in the subtropics of New South Wales: genetic analyses of pre-weaning performance of first-cross calves

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Barlow ◽  
GH O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Sire Breed ◽  
Size At Birth

First-cross calves of Simmental (S), Friesian (F), and Brahman (B) sires were compared with straight-bred calves of Hereford (H) sires over 5 years at Grafton, N.S.W. There was a total of 775 calves sired by 205 bulls with complete records of performance from conception to weaning. Analyses were conducted to determine sire breed and sire breed x environment effects, and to provide paternal half-sib estimates of heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations. Various models were used to ascertain the sensitivity of genetic parameters to the removal of different sources of variation. Among females, S x H were heaviest at birth, while among males, B x H were heaviest. The regression coefficient of birth weight on gestation length was significantly greater for B x H calves than for other crosses. All crosses grew significantly faster to weaning and were significantly heavier at weaning than H x H calves. However, there were a number of significant interactions between sire breed and environmental variables for measures of pre-weaning growth. S x H and F x H calves appeared most sensitive to environmental variation, while B x H appeared least sensitive. The significance of this is discussed. Estimates of heritability for most traits were high. Values derived by using simple models were: gestation length, 0.68; birth weight, 0.56; average daily gain (ADG) to weaning, 0.47; weaning weight, 0.54; eyelid pigmentation, 0.50. Heritabilities of birth weight and ADG during the early pre-weaning period appeared most sensitive to the amount of environmental variation removed in the model. Gestation length was positively correlated with size at birth but negatively correlated with growth to weaning. There were large positive genetic correlations among various measures of size at birth, and among various measures of growth to weaning. When compared with ADG to weaning, weaning weight was more strongly correlated with birth weight, but less strongly correlated with gestation length. The results also indicated that selection for gain over a fixed time period, immediately prior to weaning, would be as efficient as direct selection for total ADG to weaning.

Usefulness of some components of the lactation curve for selection in Murrah buffaloes

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
J. S. Cheema ◽  
S. B. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Murrah Buffaloes ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Initial Peak

ABSTRACTThe study was based on 1156 lactation records of 545 Murrah buffaloes. Initial milk yield, peak yield, ascending phase milk yield and days to attain peak daily production, the means of which were 26·7 kg, 10·3 kg, 407 kg and 58·9 days respectively, were all affected by period, season and parity of calving. Heifers recorded the least initial milk yield and peak yield and took the longest time to reach peak production. Peak yield was the most important single factor (R2 = 0·41) in causing variation in 43-week milk yield. The heritability estimates for initial, peak and ascending phase milk yields and days to attain peak yield were 0·35, 0·51, 0·27 and 0·13 respectively, whilst that for 43-week milk yield was 0·18. Peak yield had the highest phenotypic (rP = 0·64) and genetic correlations (ra = 0·68 ± 0·19) with the 43-week milk yield. Other genetic correlations with the 43-week milk yield were low and non-significant. The results indicated that indirect selection for peak yield would be more effective than direct selection for improving the 43-week milk yield in buffaloes.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Advanced Populations in Antirrhinum majus L. with Special Reference to Cut Flower Postharvest Longevity

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Martin ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Selection For

Narrow-sense heritabilities and genetic correlations of ornamental quality traits of Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) were evaluated with special reference to cut flower postharvest longevity (PHL). Inbreds P1 (16 days PHL) and P2 (3 days PHL) were hybridized to produce an F1 (P1 × P2) that was self-pollinated to produce an F2 population. The F2 were self-pollinated to produce F3 families and advanced through single-seed descent by self-pollination to the F5 generation. P1, P2, F1, F3, F4, and F5 were evaluated for ornamental quality traits. Quality traits were found to be quantitative and normally distributed. Narrow-sense heritability (h2) estimates were high and consistent across generations examined; PHL h2 ranged from 0.79 to 0.81 ± 0.06. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations revealed underlying physiological and pleiotropic interactions relevant to breeding programs aimed at simultaneous improvement of ornamental quality traits. PHL is inversely related to cut flower strength and days to flower, -0.44 ± 0.04 and -0.43 ± 0.44. Buds at discard is positively correlated to cut flower and plant diameter, cut flower weight and days to flower, 0.77 ± 0.05, 0.58 ± 0.06, 0.71 ± 0.06, and 0.77 ± 0.07, respectively. Gain from selection for quality traits of interest can be rapid.

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