scholarly journals 233 Efficacy of fat-embedded calcium gluconate on lactation performance in dairy cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 145-146
Author(s):  
Dave J Seymour ◽  
Victoria Sanz ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Daniel ◽  
Javier Martín-Tereso ◽  
John Doelman
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Calcium Gluconate ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

Abstract Several beneficial effects have been observed in the gastrointestinal tract in response to the provision of short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate, including the improvement of gut barrier function, stimulation of epithelial cell proliferation and gastrointestinal homeostasis. By improving gut barrier integrity, it is possible that less energy would be spent mounting an immune response against infiltrating xenobiotic compounds, allowing for more energy to be partitioned towards productive activities, such as milk synthesis. Previous work has demonstrated that gluconic acid and its salts have a prebiotic effect in the lower gut in monogastric animals, where it acts as a substrate for butyrate synthesis, with new data suggesting a similar response in dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of a fat-embedded calcium gluconate product on milk production in dairy cattle. Lactating heifers (n = 22) and cows (n = 53) were offered either a total mixed ration supplemented with 0.07% fat-embedded calcium gluconate or a negative control ration over the course of a full lactation. Milk production and dry matter intake were recorded daily, while milk composition was determined at regular intervals over the lactation. Cows receiving the supplement displayed significant (P ≤ 0.046) increases in milk and component yields, while consuming 1 kg DM/d more during lactation compared to control. Heifers receiving the supplement displayed decreased (P ≤ 0.044) yield of milk fat and fat-corrected milk, 0.09% increased milk protein content, and decreased feed efficiency. Overall, the results in multiparous animals are consistent with previous work examining calcium gluconate. Further work is needed to characterize the differential response in heifers.

scholarly journals 231 Effect of fat-embedded calcium gluconate on lactation performance in high-yielding multiparous dairy cows in a commercial dairy setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
Dave J Seymour ◽  
Michelle Carson ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Daniel ◽  
Victoria Sanz ◽  
Javier Martín-Tereso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Calcium Gluconate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Performance Response

Abstract Fat-embedded calcium gluconate fed as a dietary supplement has previously been shown to increase milk and component yields in lactating dairy cattle in controlled experimental settings. These responses are thought to be due to improvements in gut barrier function and health driven by increased butyrate supply from the fermentation of calcium gluconate in the hindgut. The objectives of the current study were to validate the effects of a fat-embedded calcium gluconate supplement offered during late gestation and early lactation on milk production and milk component yields in a commercial setting. From April to December 2019, 151 multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were assigned to one of four treatment sequences in a randomized complete block design within a 2 x 2 factorial design (negative control or supplement prepartum, and negative control or supplement postpartum). Outcomes pertaining to milk production, component yields and health parameters were recorded for the first 100 days of lactation. Yields of milk and all components increased (P ≤ 0.045) in response to postpartum supplementation, in agreement with previous studies. Milk protein content was 0.03% lower (P = 0.003) in animals receiving the supplement prepartum. Additionally, prepartum supplementation diminished the lactation performance response relative to animals receiving supplementation in the postpartum period only; lactation performance was partially ameliorated by subsequent postpartum supplementation. Overall, these results support previous work examining the lactation performance response to fat-embedded calcium gluconate supplementation in dairy cattle. Future controlled studies examining the effects of prepartum supplementation on subsequent lactation performance are warranted.

scholarly journals Assessment of Rumen Microbiota from a Large Dairy Cattle Cohort Reveals the Pan and Core Bacteriomes Contributing to Varied Phenotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyuan Xue ◽  
Huizeng Sun ◽  
Xuehui Wu ◽  
Le Luo Guan ◽  
Jianxin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
The Core

ABSTRACTCurrently, knowledge on the extent to which rumen microbiota differ in a large population of cattle fed the same diet and whether such differences are associated with animal performance is limited. This study was conducted to characterize the rumen microbiota of a large cohort of lactating Holstein dairy cows (n= 334) that were fed the same diet and raised under the same environment, aiming to uncover linkages between core and pan rumen microbiomes and host phenotypes. Amplicon sequencing of the partial 16S rRNA gene identified 391 bacterial genera in the pan bacteriome and 33 genera in the core bacteriome. Interanimal variation existed in the pan and core bacteriomes, with the effect of lactation stage being more prominent than that of parity (the number of pregnancies, ranging from 2 to 7) and sire. Spearman's correlation network analysis revealed significant correlations among bacteria, rumen short-chain fatty acids, and lactation performance, with the core and noncore genera accounting for 53.9 and 46.2% of the network, respectively. These results suggest that the pan rumen bacteriome together with the core bacteriome potentially contributes to variations in milk production traits. Our findings provide an understanding of the potential functions of noncore rumen microbes, suggesting the possibility of enhancing bacterial fermentation using strategies to manipulate the core and noncore bacteriomes for improved cattle performance.IMPORTANCEThis study revealed the rumen bacteriome from a large dairy cattle cohort (n= 334) raised under the same management and showed the linkages among the rumen core and pan bacteriomes, rumen short-chain fatty acids, and milk production phenotypes. The findings from this study suggest that the pan rumen bacteriome, together with the core bacteriome, potentially contributes to variations in host milk production traits. Fundamental knowledge on the rumen core and pan microbiomes and their roles in contributing to lactation performance provides novel insights into future strategies for manipulating rumen microbiota to enhance milk production in dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Identification of SNPs and Candidate Genes for Milk Production Ability in Yorkshire Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Shi ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Longchao Zhang ◽  
Ligang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Significant Snps ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Sow Lactation

Sow milk production ability is an important limiting factor impacting suboptimal growth and the survival of piglets. Through pig genetic improvement, litter sizes have been increased. Larger litters need more suckling mammary glands, which results in increased milk from the lactating sow. Hence, there is much significance to exploring sow lactation performance. For milk production ability, it is not practical to directly measure the milk yield, we used litter weight gain (LWG) throughout sow lactation as an indicator. In this study, we estimated the heritability of LWG, namely, 0.18 ± 0.07. We then performed a GWAS, and detected seven significant SNPs, namely, Sus scrofa Chromosome (SSC) 2: ASGA0010040 (p = 7.73E-11); SSC2:MARC0029355 (p = 1.30E-08), SSC6: WU_10.2_6_65751151 (p = 1.32E-10), SSC7: MARC0058875 (p = 4.99E-09), SSC10: WU_10.2_10_49571394 (p = 6.79E-08), SSC11: M1GA0014659 (p = 1.19E-07), and SSC15: MARC0042106 (p = 1.16E-07). We performed the distribution of phenotypes corresponding to the genotypes of seven significant SNPs and showed that ASGA0010040, MARC0029355, MARC0058875, WU_10.2_10_49571394, M1GA0014659, and MARC0042106 had extreme phenotypic values that corresponded to the homozygous genotypes, while the intermediate values corresponded to the heterozygous genotypes. We screened for flanking regions ± 200 kb nearby the seven significant SNPs, and identified 38 genes in total. Among them, 28 of the candidates were involved in lactose metabolism, colostrum immunity, milk protein, and milk fat by functional enrichment analysis. Through the combined analysis between 28 candidate genes and transcriptome data of the sow mammary gland, we found nine commons (ANO3, MUC15, DISP3, FBXO6, CLCN6, HLA-DRA, SLA-DRB1, SLA-DQB1, and SLA-DQA1). Furthermore, by comparing the chromosome positions of the candidate genes with the quantitative trait locus (QTLs) as previously reported, a total of 17 genes were found to be within 0.86–94.02 Mb of the reported QTLs for sow milk production ability, in which, NAV2 was found to be located with 0.86 Mb of the QTL region ssc2: 40936355. In conclusion, we identified seven significant SNPs located on SSC2, 6, 7, 10, 11, and 15, and propose 28 candidate genes for the ability to produce milk in Yorkshire pigs, 10 of which were key candidates.

Short-term effects of herbage allowance on milk production, milk composition and grazing time of cows grazing nitrogen-fertilized tropical grass pasture

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH Stobbs
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effects

The short-term effects of varying the quantities of herbage allocated (15, 25, 35, 55 kg DM cow-1, day-1) to lactating Jersey cows strip grazing 3-week regrowths of nitrogen-fertilized Panicum maximum cv. Gatton panic pastures, upon the diet selected, milk production, milk and milk fat composition and grazing time, were measured. Sixteen cows were used in a latin-square design with experimental periods of 1 4 days. With increasing herbage allowance milk yields rose, averaging 8.9, 9.9, 10.4 and 10.6 kg milk cow-1, day-1 respectively. A lower solids-not-fat percentage in milk from cows receiving 15 kg DM cow-1, day-1 and a lower percentage protein from cows receiving 15 and 25 kg DM cow-1 day-1 indicated a lower intake of digestible energy by cows at these lower herbage allowances. Molar percentages of short-chain fatty acids in milkfat (C6, C8, C10, C14) increased linearly and oleic acid (C18:1) decreased linearly as herbage allowance increased, showing that a higher proportion of the milk fat was coming from energy in the feed and a smaller proportion from body reserves. Cows selectively grazed leaf from the uppermost layers of the swards. As herbage allowance was restricted, a higher proportion of pasture was eaten and this came mainly from pasture growing 10 cm or more above ground level. Total time spent grazing was similar for all herbage allowances but the proportion of night grazing was consistently lower at the higher intensities of grazing.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) family genes influencing milk production traits in buffalo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Liu ◽  
Zhiquan Wang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Liguo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Abstract Background: The diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) are a vital group of enzymes in catalyzing triacylglycerol biosynthesis. DGAT genes like DGAT1 and DGAT2 , have been identified as two functional candidate genes affecting milk production traits, especially for fat content in milk. Buffalo milk is famous for its excellent quality, which is rich in fat and protein content. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize DGAT family genes in buffalo and to find candidate markers or DGAT genes influencing lactation performance. Results: We performed a genome-wide study and identified eight DGAT genes in buffalo. All the DGAT genes classified into two distinct clades (DGAT1 and DGAT2 subfamily) based on their phylogenetic relationships and structural features. Chromosome localization displayed eight buffalo DGAT genes distributed on five chromosomes. Collinearity analysis revealed that the DGAT family genes were extensive homologous between buffalo and cattle. Afterward, we discovered genetic variants loci within the genomic regions that DGAT genes located in buffalo. Seven haplotype blocks were constructed and were associated with buffalo milk production traits. Single marker association analyses revealed four most significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mainly affecting milk protein percentage or milk fat yield in buffalo. Genes functional analysis indicated that these DGAT family genes could influence lactation performance in the mammal through regulating lipid metabolism. Conclusion: In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis for the DGAT family genes in buffalo, which including identification, structural characterization, phylogenetic classification, chromosomal distribution, collinearity analysis, association analysis, and functional analysis. These findings provide useful information for an in-depth study to determine the role of DGAT family gens play in the regulation of milk production and milk quality improvement in buffalo.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) family genes influencing milk production traits in buffalo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Liu ◽  
Zhiquan Wang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Liguo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Abstract Background: The diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) are a vital group of enzymes in catalyzing triacylglycerol biosynthesis. DGAT genes like DGAT1 and DGAT2 , have been identified as two functional candidate genes affecting milk production traits, especially for fat content in milk. Buffalo milk is famous for its excellent quality, which is rich in fat and protein content. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize DGAT family genes in buffalo and to find candidate markers or DGAT genes influencing lactation performance. Results: We performed a genome-wide study and identified eight DGAT genes in buffalo. All the DGAT genes classified into two distinct clades (DGAT1 and DGAT2 subfamily) based on their phylogenetic relationships and structural features. Chromosome localization displayed eight buffalo DGAT genes distributed on five chromosomes. Collinearity analysis revealed that the DGAT family genes were extensive homologous between buffalo and cattle. Afterward, we discovered genetic variants loci within the genomic regions that DGAT genes located in buffalo. Seven haplotype blocks were constructed and were associated with buffalo milk production traits. Single marker association analyses revealed four most significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mainly affecting milk protein percentage or milk fat yield in buffalo. Genes functional analysis indicated that these DGAT family genes could influence lactation performance in the mammal through regulating lipid metabolism. Conclusion: In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis for the DGAT family genes in buffalo, which including identification, structural characterization, phylogenetic classification, chromosomal distribution, collinearity analysis, association analysis, and functional analysis. These findings provide useful information for an in-depth study to determine the role of DGAT family gens play in the regulation of milk production and milk quality improvement in buffalo.

scholarly journals Single nucleotide polymorphisms at the imprinted bovine insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) locus are associated with dairy performance in Irish Holstein-Friesian cattle

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik W Berkowicz ◽  
David A Magee ◽  
Klaudia M Sikora ◽  
Donagh P Berry ◽  
Dawn J Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Holstein Friesian

The imprinted insulin-like growth factor 2 gene (IGF2) encodes a fetal mitogenic hormone protein (IGF-II) and has previously been shown to be associated with performance in dairy cattle. In this study we assessed genotype-phenotype associations between four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within the bovine IGF2 locus on chromosome 29 and a range of performance traits related to milk production, animal growth and body size, fertility and progeny survival in 848 progeny-tested Irish Holstein-Friesian sires. Two of the four SNPs (rs42196909 and IGF2.g-3815A>G), which were in strong linkage disequilibrium (r2=0·995), were associated with milk yield (P⩽0·01) and milk protein yield (P⩽0·05); the rs42196901 SNP was also associated (P⩽0·05) with milk fat yield. Associations (P⩽0·05) with milk fat percentage and milk protein percentage were observed at the rs42196901 and IGF2.g-3815A>G SNPs, respectively. The rs42196909 and IGF2.g-3815A>G SNPs were also associated with progeny carcass conformation (P⩽0·05), while an association (P⩽0·01) with progeny carcass weight was observed at the rs42194733 SNP locus. None of the four SNPs were associated with body size, fertility and progeny survival. These findings support previous work which suggests that the IGF2 locus is an important biological regulator of milk production in dairy cattle and add to an accumulating body of research showing that imprinted genes influence many complex performance traits in cattle.

The gut: central organ in nutrient requirements and metabolism

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. McBurney
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Accidental Injury ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

The gut is an important organ, which not only digests and absorbs food but selectively excludes bacteria and toxins from entering the body. It has one of the highest rates of protein turnover of any tissue in the body. Maintenance of epithelial cell proliferation and secretory, digestive, and gut-associated lymphatic tissues (GALT) function requires a constant supply of substrates. A primary feature of the metabolic response to fasting, accidental injury, or surgery is accelerated skeletal muscle proteolysis and translocation of amino acids from the periphery to visceral organs. Nevertheless, the serosal supply of nutrients may be inadequate to maintain normal gut barrier function. The following factors influencing gut nutrient requirements and the effect of the gut on the whole-body metabolism are discussed: (i) diet composition and gut mass, (ii) physiological and pathologic nutrient requirements of epithelial and GALT cells, (iii) route of nutrition (enteral versus parenteral), and (iv) nutrient inadequancy and gut barrier dysfunction (structural or immune mediated).Key words: gastrointestine, metabolism, gut-associated lymph tissue, glutamine, short-chain fatty acids.

scholarly journals Production potential of first calving Simmental heifers in Serbia

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1033-1041
Author(s):  
D. Niksic ◽  
D. Ostojic-Andric ◽  
V. Pantelic ◽  
P. Perisic ◽  
Z. Novakovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Selection Breeding

Cattle production in Serbia, and especially milk production, contributes significantly to the value of total agricultural production (20%) and livestock production (45%). Achieved annual rate of milk yield increase of approx.100 kg per cow cannot adequately compensate for drastic decrease of number of dairy cattle which dropped by fifth over last decade. This is especially important from the aspect of assessment of future production quotas for milk as part of Serbia?s preparation for EU accession. From the aspect of the genetic potential of dairy cattle, the most significant measure aimed at increase of milk performance in future will be execution of systematic selection-breeding work in the main population. Special attention should be directed in future to selection of parents of dairy herd, criteria for selection of heifers and their adequate rearing in sense of nutrition and housing. For the purpose of establishing of production potential of first calving Simmental cows in Serbia, data was analyzed for 37.171 Simmental cows with completed lactations in the period 2007 to 2010. Research results showed moderate trend of increase in milk performance in first calving cows - average milk production of 4.348 kg, milk fat content of 3.93% and milk fat yield of 171.1 kg. Milk performance of first calving cows in average was lower by 147 kg compared to cows in other lactations and by 1.169 kg compared to bull dams in the observed period. In analysis of bulls - most common sires of studied first-calvers, it was established that eight of ten bull sires had negative values for milk yield, which indicated the need for better cooperation and organization in work of all services which are included in selection-breeding activities in dairy cattle breeding.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) family genes influencing milk production traits in buffalo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Liu ◽  
Zhiquan Wang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Liguo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Abstract Background: The diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) are a vital group of enzymes in catalyzing triacylglycerol biosynthesis. DGAT genes like DGAT1 and DGAT2 , have been identified as two functional candidate genes affecting milk production traits, especially for fat content in milk. Buffalo milk is famous for its excellent quality, which is rich in fat and protein content. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize DGAT family genes in buffalo and to find candidate markers or DGAT genes influencing lactation performance. Results: We performed a genome-wide study and identified eight DGAT genes in buffalo. All the DGAT genes classified into two distinct clades (DGAT1 and DGAT2 subfamily) based on their phylogenetic relationships and structural features. Chromosome localization displayed eight buffalo DGAT genes distributed on five chromosomes. Collinearity analysis revealed that the DGAT family genes were extensive homologous between buffalo and cattle. Afterward, we discovered genetic variants loci within the genomic regions that DGAT genes located in buffalo. Seven haplotype blocks were constructed and were associated with buffalo milk production traits. Single marker association analyses revealed four most significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mainly affecting milk protein percentage or milk fat yield in buffalo. Genes functional analysis indicated that these DGAT family genes could influence lactation performance in the mammal through regulating lipid metabolism. Conclusion: In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis for the DGAT family genes in buffalo, which including identification, structural characterization, phylogenetic classification, chromosomal distribution, collinearity analysis, association analysis, and functional analysis. These findings provide useful information for an in-depth study to determine the role of DGAT family gens play in the regulation of milk production and milk quality improvement in buffalo.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document