scholarly journals The effect of life history events on carcass merit and price of cull dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia C Moreira ◽  
Tiago L Passafaro ◽  
Daniel M Schaefer ◽  
Guilherme J M Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Auction Market ◽  
Cull Cows ◽  
Carcass Merit

Abstract Cull dairy cows contribute almost 10% of national beef production in the United States. However, different factors throughout the life of dairy cows affect their weight and overall body condition as well as carcass traits, and consequently affect their market price. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: 1) to assess relationships between price ratio and carcass merit of cull dairy cows sold through several sites of an auction market, and 2) to investigate the effect of animal life history events and live weight on sale barn price (BP) and price ratio (as a measure of relative price), as an indicator of carcass merit. Data from four dairy operations included 3,602 cull dairy cow records during the period of 2015 to 2019. Life history events data were collected from each dairy operation through Dairy Comp software; live weight and price were obtained periodically from the auction market, and the carcass data were provided by a local packing plant. Cow price in dollars per unit of live weight ($/cwt) and price ratio were the two outcome variables used in the analyses. Price ratio was created aiming to remove seasonality effects from BP (BP divided by the national average price for its respective month and year of sale). The association between price ratio and carcass merit traits was investigated using canonical correlation analysis (CCA), and the effect of life history events on both BP and price ratio was inferred using a multiple linear regression technique. More than 70% of the cows were culled in the first three lactations, with an average live weight of 701.5kg, carcass weight of 325kg, and dressing percentage of 46.3%. On average, cull cows were sold at $57.0/cwt during the period considered. The canonical correlation between price ratio and carcass merit traits was 0.76, indicating that price ratio reflected carcass merit of cull cows. Later lactations led to lower BP compared to cows culled during the first two lactations. Injury, and leg and feet problems negatively affected BP. Productive variables demonstrated that the greater milk production might lead to lower cow prices. A large variation between farms was also noted. In conclusion, price ratio was a good indicator of carcass merit of cull cows, and life history events significantly affected sale barn price and carcass merit of cull cows sold through auction markets.

scholarly journals 163 Investigating relationships between life history events, carcass quality and price of cull dairy cows sold through auction markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 135-135
Author(s):  
Ligia da Cunha Moreira ◽  
Tiago Luciano Passafaro ◽  
Guilherme J M Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Cull Cows

Abstract Cull dairy cows comprise almost 10% of the national beef production in the United States and contribute with an important additional income source for farmers. However, cull dairy cows present high variation due to many reasons, which affect live animal characteristics, carcass traits, and market price. The objectives of this study were 1) to assess relationships between price and carcass quality of cull dairy cows sold through auction market, and 2) to investigate the effect of animal life history events on price, as an indicator of carcass quality. Data from four dairy operations in Wisconsin included 3,375 cull dairy cow records during the period of 2015 to 2019. Life history events data were collected from Dairy Comp software; live weight and price were obtained periodically from an auction barn, and the carcass data were provided by a local packing plant. Price ($/cwt) and adjusted price (price divided by the national average price) were the two outcome variables. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and multiple linear regression were used to investigate the relationship between variables. On average (standard deviations within parenthesis), live weight was 701.54kg (123.15kg), carcass weight of 324.97kg (68.92), dressing of 46.26% (4.92%), and price of $56.98/cwt (5.57$/cwt). CCA between adjusted price and carcass quality traits was 0.76, indicating that price is a good indicator of carcass quality. Lactation number, culling reason, month, and year of sale drastically affect price (R2 0.7532) and adjusted price (R2 0.4706). Higher live weight and days open led to higher adjusted price, and longer days dry and high milk production decreased price ($/cwt). A large variation between farms was noted. In conclusion, culling and marketing decisions should consider these factors, as an attempt to increase the price received for cull cows, and ultimately improve carcass quality.

scholarly journals PSXI-41 Investigating the relationship between life history factors, live animal auction price, and carcass quality of cull dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 184-184
Author(s):  
Ligia da Cunha Moreira ◽  
Tiago L Passafaro ◽  
Guilherme J M Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Auction Price ◽  
High Production

Abstract High production efficiency is crucial for the competitiveness and sustainability of the dairy industry. To maintain high production, maximize profitability, and allow an accelerated genetic improvement, it is recommended that between 25–30% of dairy herds be renewed each year. Cull dairy cows contribute for approximately 10% of the total beef produced in the United States, being significantly important as a beef source for the meat industry. Furthermore, cull cows provide an important additional income to dairy farmers. However, culling decisions should be carefully made, taking into consideration herd replacement rate, cow performance, milk and beef prices, and the potential price that each cow might be paid for. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between life history factors, live animal auction price, and carcass quality of cull dairy cows. Data from three Wisconsin herds were collected using DairyComp software, from January 2018 to January 2019. Hundredweight (cwt) prices paid for each cow (n = 84) were obtained from a marketing auction, and their carcass traits were provided by a commercial meat packing plant. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate the dependencies between variables. Results indicate that lactation number and days in milk significantly affect cow live weight and that these three variables together with season of the year and farm provide a good predictor of cwt price (adj R2 = 71.7%). Moreover, there were also significant and moderately strong correlations between cwt price and some carcass quality indicators such as dressing (r = 0.57, P < 0.001), trimming losses (r = -0.25, P < 0.05), and grade (r = -0.58, P < 0.001). In conclusion, cull cow cwt price and carcass quality can be improved by taking into account cows life history factors when making culling decisions.

The effect of feeding period and trenbolone acetate on the potential of culled dairy cows for beef production

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Garnsworthy ◽  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
M. Grantley-Smith ◽  
D. W. Jones ◽  
A. R. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Cull Cows ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

ABSTRACTSixty-four Friesian/Holstein cows culled from dairy herds were selected for uniformity and general health. They were allocated to five groups of 12 on the basis of body condition and live weight excluding the two cows at each extreme. These four cows indicated the range of condition and live weight in the sample and were slaughtered at the beginning of the trial with one group of 12 cows. Of the remaining four groups, two were implanted with 300 mg trenbolone acetate (Finaplix, Hoechst) and two used as unimplanted controls; one implanted group and one control group were slaughtered after 60 days and the remaining cows after 100 days. All cows were individually fed to appetite on a pelleted diet of 500 g dried lucerne and 500 g barley per kg. After slaughter the left side of each carcass was cut into primal joints and then separated into fat, lean and bone.Implantation resulted in greater live-weight gains to 60 days (1·35 v. 112 kg/day, P > 0·05) and to 100 days (1·31 v. 0·92 kg/day, P < 0·01), greater lean meat production and an increase in the lean proportion of carcasses.Feeding cows for 100 days rather than for 60 days led to higher slaughter weights but daily live-weight gain decreased and food intake increased progressively between 60 and 100 days. Carcasses from cows slaughtered at 100 days had significantly higher lean, fat and bone weights (P < 0·01) but as a proportion of side weight only the fat proportion of the carcass was significantly increased (P < 0·05).It was concluded that the supplementary feeding of cull cows produced heavier carcasses but at these high rates of gain increased yield was at the expense of proportionately more fat in the carca?.s. This problem was partially countered by implantation with trenbelone acetate.

A case study on year round fodder production scheme for smallholder dairy producers in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-102
Author(s):  
NR Sarker ◽  
F Tabassum D Yeasmin ◽  
MA Habib ◽  
MR Amin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Fodder Production

This study was undertaken to develop a year round fodder production model for small scale dairy farmers. Five pregnant dairy cows of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) genotype were selected. For rearing five cows, 66 decimal of land was selected from existing fodder plots under Pachutia Research Farm at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka. The selected land was divided into two parts (33 decimal in each). One part was brought under perennial (Napier-4 and Splendida) and the 2nd part of land for seasonal (Maize & Matikalai) fodder production. Data on live weight and live weight gain of cows, birth weight of calves, feed intake, milk production, actual biomass yield for both perennial and seasonal fodder, yearly manure production were recorded and calculated. Napier-4 grass, splendida, maize, straw, silage were supplied to the experimental cows according to the seasonal availability in different months. Concentrate mixture were also supplied consisting of wheat bran, kheshari (red gram), soybean meal, maize crushed, til oil cake, DCP and common salt. Economics of the model revealed that considering the sale of milk, calves and manure and cost included only feed and land leased, a farm/family rearing 5 indigenous dairy cows with his/her family labours, he/she could earn around BDT 98 thousand in a year (1$ = 85 BDT) and the benefit cost ratio of the model on total variable cost and total cost were 1.86 and 1.66, respectively. Therefore, it may be recommended that a farmer having 5 adult dairy cows with 66 decimal land under fodder cultivation may earn substantial share of his/her family income as small-scale rural dairying. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 89-102

Intersectoral Terms of Trade for Pakistan's Economy: 1970-71 - 1981-82

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-105
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Kazi
Keyword(s):  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Sectoral Output ◽  
The Relationship

The paper estimates intersectoral terms of trade for the period from 1970-71 to 1981-82. On the basis of these results the study further analyses the relationship between terms of trade and aggregate farm output over the period. The findings indicate some improvement in agriculture's terms of trade over the Seventies. However, no conclusive support is provided to the hypothesis of high supply responsiveness of aggregate farm output to shifts in the relative price ratio of sectoral output.

114 What Is the Impact of Dairy Influence Cattle on the Traditional Beef Industry Structure?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
Bradley J Johnson ◽  
Luke Fuerniss
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The U.S. cow inventory includes approximately 31 million beef cows and 9 million dairy cows, so flow of cattle from dairies into beef production influences the traditional beef industry structure. Dairy-influenced cattle have historically entered the beef supply chain as cull cows and calf-fed Holstein steers. Culled dairy cows account for approximately half of the cows harvested in the United States annually. Fed steers and heifers of dairy influence are estimated to account for 15% of annual steer and heifer slaughter. Advancements in data availability, genomics, and reproductive technologies have enabled more precise selection of dairy replacement heifers and more pregnancies to be allocated to a terminal sire. Recently, the use of beef semen to breed dairy cows that are not desirable for producing replacement heifers has become more widespread. Beef-on-dairy calves are often moved to calf ranches shortly after birth where they are weaned and grown before transitioning to traditional grow yards or feedlots. In comparison to traditional range beef production, calves of dairy origin are weaned at a younger age, have more restricted mobility early in life, and are fed a delivered ration for a greater number of days. While carcasses of dairy-originated fed cattle excel in subcutaneous leanness and marbling, calves originating from dairies typically experience greater morbidity, poorer feed conversion, and poorer dressed yields compared to native fed cattle. Future opportunities to optimize beef production from the dairy herd include refining sire selection to consistently produce high quality calves, reducing variation in calfhood management, and identifying optimal nutrition and growth technology programs for calves from dairies.

scholarly journals Effect of Postpartum Live Weight Loss on Reproductive Functions in Dairy Cows

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
K. Heinonen ◽  
E. Ettala ◽  
M. Alanko
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Live Weight

scholarly journals THE LIFE-HISTORY OF THE NORTHERN MOLE-CRICKET—GRYLLOTALPA BOREALIS

1892 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 270-273
Author(s):  
E. W. Doran
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life History ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Mole Cricket ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Required

Although this is a common insect in many parts of the United States, it is not generally found in great numbers in any locality, and, notwith standing its general distribution, the various staes of the insect seem not to have been describe or figured.While I am not yet able to clear up all the points in its history, I have studied the insect in all its stages, though I have not reared it from the egg to maturity, on account of the time required for it to develop—in all probability three years.

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