289 Serum Trace Minerals in Late Gestation Sows at Variable Risk for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 111-112
Author(s):  
Zoe E Kiefer ◽  
Amanda Chipman ◽  
Lucas Showman ◽  
Aileen F Keating ◽  
Jason W Ross
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Serum Factors ◽  
Food And Agriculture

Abstract Within the last decade, pelvic organ prolapse (POP) resulting in sow mortality has become an increasing concern for the U.S. swine industry, contributing approximately 21% of all sow deaths. While little is known regarding the etiology preceding POP in sows, many have proposed an association with vitamin and trace minerals abundance to POP incidence. We tested the hypothesis that sows differing in POP risk would have differences in serum trace minerals and vitamins. A perineal scoring (PS) system (PS1 - presumed low risk; PS2 - presumed moderate risk; and PS3 - presumed high risk) to assess risk for POP during late gestation was used to score 213 individual sows. Blood was collected from sows of two different farms during late gestation (days 105–115) that scored a PS3 (n = 20) and a parity matched sow scored as PS 1 (n = 16). Subsequently, 1.5, 0.8, and 23.1% of sows scored as PS1, PS2, or PS3, respectively, experienced POP. Serum was analyzed at the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Lab for trace mineral content (Calcium, Copper, Iron, Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Selenium, and Zinc). Additionally, vitamin E was evaluated in serum via GC-MS. Differences (P < 0.05) in copper, potassium, molybdenum, phosphorus, and selenium was observed between farms. Further a PS x Farm interaction (P = 0.06) was observed for serum copper abundance which across all farms was 12% less (P < 0.04) in PS3 compared to PS1 sows. No impact on serum vitamin E was observed between PS sows. These data demonstrate sows with greater POP risk may have potential differences in serum factors although these data also underscore the importance of measuring vitamin and mineral quantities in a tissue specific manner. This project was supported by the National Pork Board and the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research.

scholarly journals 28 Steroid hormones are differentially abundant in sows with elevated risk for pelvic organ prolapse during late gestation

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 113-113
Author(s):  
Zoe Kiefer ◽  
Amanda Chipman ◽  
Jamie M Studer ◽  
Rafael Dal Forno Gianluppi ◽  
Aileen F Keating ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Serum Factors ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Hormone Analysis

Abstract Sow mortality, as the result of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), has increased during recent years in the U.S. swine industry and continues to worsen. The objective of this study was to identify putative biological factors associated with POP risk. We hypothesized sows differing in POP risk would differ in serum factors and steroid hormone profiles. Perineal scores (PS) were assigned to sows (n=2865) during late gestation (days 107-116) to assess POP risk. Sows assigned a PS1 had a presumed low risk of POP while those assigned a PS2 or PS3 had a presumed moderate or high risk of POP, respectively. Subsequently, 1.0, 2.7, and 23.4% of sows scored as PS1, PS2, or PS3, experienced POP, respectively. Blood samples were collected on a subset of sows (n=215) identified as PS3 along with parity-matched PS1 sows at the time of scoring and whole blood was subjected to complete blood count (CBC) analysis. Serum from a subset of these (n=110) samples were also subjected to a 17-panel hormone analysis. Additionally, serum biomarkers of inflammation, C-reactive protein and haptoglobin, were analyzed in PS3 sows that subsequently experienced POP and parity matched PS1 sows that did not experience POP. The CBC analysis revealed a 4.3, 7.8 and 5.9% decrease (P < 0.05) in mean platelet volume, lymphocytes, and monocytes, respectively, in PS3 compared to PS1 sows. Deoxycortisol, androstenedione, androsterone, estrone, β-estradiol, and testosterone were greater (P < 0.05) in PS3 compared to PS1 sows. Circulating haptoglobin was unaffected (P = 0.35) by PS, although C-reactive protein was 24.6% greater (P = 0.02) in PS3 sows. Collectively, serum differences in hormone profiles and biomarkers consistent with inflammation in sows differing in POP risk. This project was supported by the National Pork Board and the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research.

scholarly journals Vaginal microbiome and serum metabolite differences in late gestation commercial sows at risk for pelvic organ prolapse

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë E. Kiefer ◽  
Lucas R. Koester ◽  
Lucas Showman ◽  
Jamie M. Studer ◽  
Amanda L. Chipman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Vaginal Microflora ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractSow mortality attributable to pelvic organ prolapse (POP) has increased in the U.S. swine industry and continues to worsen. Two main objectives of this study were, (1) to develop a perineal scoring system that can be correlated with POP risk, and (2) identify POP risk-associated biological factors. To assess POP risk during late gestation, sows (n = 213) were scored using a newly developed perineal scoring (PS) system. Sows scored as PS1 (low), PS2 (moderate), or PS3 (high) based on POP risk. Subsequently, 1.5, 0.8, and 23.1% of sows scored PS1, PS2, or PS3, respectively, experienced POP. To identify biomarkers, serum and vaginal swabs were collected from late gestation sows differing in PS. Using GC–MS, 82 serum metabolite differences between PS1 and PS3 animals (P < 0.05) were identified. Vaginal swabs were utilized for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and differences in vaginal microbiomes between PS1 and PS3 animals were detected on a community level (P < 0.01) along with differences in abundances of 89 operational taxonomic units (P < 0.05). Collectively, these data demonstrate that sows with greater POP risk have differential serum metabolites and vaginal microflora. Additionally, an initial and novel characterization of the sow vaginal microbiome was determined.

scholarly journals Circulating biomarkers associated with pelvic organ prolapse risk in late gestation sows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë E Kiefer ◽  
Jamie M Studer ◽  
Amanda L Chipman ◽  
Malavika K Adur ◽  
Christine Mainquist-Whigham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
17Β Estradiol

Abstract Sow mortality, as the result of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), has been increasing the last decade in the U.S. swine industry. The objective of this study was to identify potential biological markers associated with risk of POP in sows. We hypothesized that sows differing in perineal score (PS) from PS1-PS3 (PS1 - a presumed low POP risk; PS2 - a presumed moderate POP risk; and PS3 - a presumed high POP risk) would differ in circulatory biomarkers of inflammation and hormonal profiles. On gestation week 15, 2,864 individual sows were assigned a PS, and subsequently, 1.0, 2.7, and 23.4% of PS1, PS2, or PS3 sows, respectively, experienced POP. During PS assignment at days 107-116 of gestation, blood samples were collected from sows on two farms of similar genetics, feed sources, and health status. Whole blood was subjected to complete blood count (CBC) analysis (n = 212) and steroid hormones were measured in serum from a subset (n = 110) of animals assigned PS3 parity matched to PS1. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), haptoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and creatine kinase (CK) levels were also evaluated. Complete blood count analysis revealed decreased (P ≤ 0.05) mean platelet values (3.9%), lymphocytes (6.5%), and monocytes (7.5%) in PS3 compared to PS1 sows. Increased (P ≤ 0.02) abundance of androstenedione (13.4%), androsterone (18.2%), estrone (24.8%), and 17β-estradiol (26.2%), was observed in PS3 compared to PS1 sows. Additionally, a 25.8% increase (P = 0.04) in LBP in PS3 compared to PS1 sows was observed. Many dynamic physiological changes occur in sows during late gestation as they approach farrowing. The data presented herein demonstrate distinct differences in concentrations of circulating metabolites exists between late gestation sows at high or low risk for POP and may serve useful understanding the etiology of POP and evaluation of mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Vaginal microbiota differences associated with pelvic organ prolapse risk during late gestation in commercial sows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë E Kiefer ◽  
Lucas R Koester ◽  
Jamie M Studer ◽  
Amanda L Chipman ◽  
Christine Mainquist-Whigham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Unit ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Study Objective

Abstract During the last decade, sow mortality due to pelvic organ prolapse (POP) has increased. To better understand the biology associated with POP, sows were phenotypically assessed and assigned perineal scores (PS) based on presumed POP risk and categorized as PS1 (low), PS2 (moderate), or PS3 (high). The study objective was to identify changes in sow vaginal microbiota that may be associated with POP. The hypothesis is vaginal microbiota differs between sows with variable risk for POP, and changes in microbiota during late gestation exist between sows with differing risk. Of the 2864 sows scored during gestation week 15, 1.0%, 2.7%, and 23.4% of PS1, PS2, and PS3 sows, respectively, subsequently experienced POP. Vaginal swabs subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed differences in community composition (Bray-Curtis; P &lt; 0.05) and individual operational taxonomic unit (OTU) comparisons between vaginal microbiota of PS1 and PS3 sows at gestation week 15. Further, differences (P &lt; 0.05) in community composition and OTUs (Q &lt; 0.05) were observed in PS3 sows that either did or did not subsequently experience POP. Differences in community structure (alpha diversity measurements; P &lt; 0.05), composition (P &lt; 0.05) and OTUs (Q &lt; 0.05) were observed in gestation week 12 sows scored PS1 compared to week 15 sows scored PS1 or PS3, suggesting sow vaginal microbiota shifts during late gestation differently as POP risk changes. Collectively, these data demonstrate sows with greater POP risk have unique vaginal microflora, for which a better understanding could aid in development of mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals 399 Towards improving pig livability: Strategies to understand and mitigate sow mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 183-184
Author(s):  
Zoe Kiefer ◽  
Jamie M Studer ◽  
Amanda Chipman ◽  
Lucas Koester ◽  
Stephan Schmitz-Esser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Direct Guidance ◽  
The U.S

Abstract In response to increased sow mortality due to pelvic organ prolapse (POP), the Iowa Pork Industry Center (IPIC) at Iowa State University assembled a team to pursue better understanding of potential causative factors of sow POP in order to move towards developing and disseminating prevention strategies to help reduce POP incidence. One hundred and four commercial sow farms, representing approximately 385,000 sows across the U.S., were enrolled in a survey-based project. The farms varied in POP incidence rate, production system, geography, genetics, and management practices. This study cultivated a collaborative network of multidisciplinary experts across the swine industry and partnerships with producers across the U.S. Results of the project have allowed better understanding of the degree of the issue and prioritization of risk factors for future research in the pursuit of reducing POP-related sow mortality. A major outcome of this project was direct guidance on the most valuable experimental approaches to better understand the physiology occurring within a sow preceding POP so the most effective measurements can be determined when evaluating or testing potential on-farm mitigation strategies. We have continued to evaluate the utilization of a perineal scoring system during late gestation to assess risk of prolapse and to identify putative biological factors associated with POP risk for individual sows hypothesizing that sows differing in perineal score (and differing risk of POP) in late gestation would have physiological differences indicative of the underlying physiological conditions preceding POP. As expected, differences in immune cell populations, markers of inflammation, vaginal microflora, and steroid hormones exist between sows with differing levels of risk for POP prior to experiencing a prolapse. These projects are supported by the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research and National Pork Board projects #17–224 and #18–147 in addition to a vast network of industry collaborators.

V478: POP-Q Based Staging and Outcomes of Robotic Abdominal Sacrocolpopexy for Advanced Pelvic Organ Prolapse

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
Sarah E. McAchran ◽  
John C. Kefer ◽  
Courtenay Moore ◽  
Jihad H. Kaouk ◽  
Firouz Daneshgari
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Advanced Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Abdominal Sacrocolpopexy
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