scholarly journals Ancient grains as novel dietary carbohydrate sources in canine diets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary T Traughber ◽  
Fei He ◽  
Jolene M Hoke ◽  
Gary M Davenport ◽  
Maria R C de Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Ancient grains are becoming an increasingly abundant carbohydrate source in the pet food market as a result of their popularity and novelty in the human market. Thus, it is imperative to evaluate the characteristics of these ingredients in vivo. Ten adult intact female beagles were used in a replicated 5x5 Latin square design. Five dietary treatments were evaluated containing either: rice (CON), amaranth (AM), white proso millet (WPM), quinoa (QU), or oat groats (OG). All diets were formulated to include 40% of the test grain and to be isonitrogenous, isocaloric, and nutritionally complete and balanced for adult dogs at maintenance. The objectives were (1) to evaluate the effects of the novel carbohydrate sources on total apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), fecal microbiota, and fermentative end-product concentrations and (2) to evaluate the effects of novel carbohydrate sources on the post-prandial glycemic and insulinemic responses in healthy adult dogs. All diets were well-accepted by the dogs and fecal scores remained within ideal range for all treatments. In terms of ATTD, all diets were well-digested by the dogs; WPM had the highest digestibility of dry and organic matter in contrast with dogs fed the other treatments (P < 0.05). Additionally, ATTD of total dietary fiber was highest for WPM (72.6%) in contrast with QU (63.5%) and CON (50.8%) but did not differ from AM (65.7%) and OG (66.6%). Dogs fed AM or OG had greater (P < 0.05) fecal concentrations of total short-chain fatty acids, as well as propionate and butyrate concentrations, than CON. Ancient grain inclusion appears to beneficially shift fecal microbial populations, with increases in relative abundances of butyrogenic bacteria (i.e., members of the Lachnospiraceae family) observed for OG and reductions in Fusobacteriaceae for both AM and OG when compared with CON. Post-prandial glycemic and insulinemic responses did not differ among treatments. Together, these data suggest that ancient grains can be included up to 40% of the diet while eliciting beneficial effects on overall host health without detrimentally affecting nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals 244 White and red sorghum as primary carbohydrate sources in extruded diets of felines

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 62-62
Author(s):  
Patrick von Schaumburg ◽  
Fei He ◽  
Heather Mangian ◽  
Jolene Hoke ◽  
Maria R C de Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Sorghum Grains ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Fecal Ph ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The human interest of ancient grains replacing modern carbohydrate sources has reached the pet food market, and there has been increased focus on corn- and wheat-free diets in pet foods. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of white and red sorghum grains on the gastrointestinal health of felines through the determination of apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility (ATTD), fecal characteristics, fermentative end-products, microbiota, and how the sorghum grains compared against a traditionally corn-based diet. Three diets containing 30% corn (CO), 30% white sorghum (WS), or 30% red sorghum (RS) were formulated to meet or exceed the AAFCO (2017) nutritional requirements for felines. Nine male cats were randomly assigned to one of the 3 dietary treatments using a replicated 3x3 Latin square design. Experiment periods consisted of 14 days (10 days of diet adaption + 4 days of total, fresh collection). All diets were highly digested by cats, however, ATTD of dry matter was highest (P < 0.05) for RS (81.13%) and lowest for CO (78.28%), organic matter was greatest (P < 0.05) for RS (86.40%) and lowest for CO (84.15%), crude protein was similar amongst diets with a range of 84.52%-86.57%, acid hydrolyzed fat was similar amongst diets with a range of 91.36%–92.79%, and total dietary fiber was greatest (P < 0.05) in WS (55.96%) with CO being lowest (44.66%). Fecal pH (6.28–6.54) and most metabolites did not differ among diets (P > 0.05), except for phenol/indole concentrations that were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in cats fed RS (178.88 ug/g) compared to CO (240.34 ug/g). Overall, the data gathered suggest that dietary supplementation of WS and RS as carbohydrate sources were well tolerated by the cats. Thus, sorghum is an acceptable alternative to corn in extruded diets of felines.

scholarly journals Dietary supplementation of a fiber-prebiotic and saccharin-eugenol blend in extruded diets fed to dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 4519-4531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Paschoalin De Souza Nogueira ◽  
Fei He ◽  
Heather F Mangian ◽  
Patricia Massae Oba ◽  
Maria R C De Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Prebiotics and dietary fibers are nondigestible ingredients that may confer benefits to the host by selectively stimulating beneficial intestinal bacteria and microbial-derived metabolites that support gut and host health. This experiment evaluated the effects of a blend of prebiotics and dietary fibers on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and fecal metabolites related to gastrointestinal health in adult dogs. Four diets containing either 5% cellulose (control; CT), 5% dietary fiber and prebiotic blend (FP), 0.02% saccharin and eugenol (SE), or 5% fiber blend plus 0.02% saccharin and eugenol (FSE) were formulated to meet or exceed the AAFCO (2017) nutritional requirements for adult dogs. Eight adult female beagles (mean age 4.2 ± 1.1 yr; mean BW = 10.8 ± 1.4 kg; mean BCS = 5.8 ± 0.6) were randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 dietary treatments using a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each experimental period consisted of 14 d (10 d of diet adaptation and 4 d of total and fresh fecal and total urine collection). All animals remained healthy throughout the study, with serum metabolites being within reference ranges for adult dogs. All diets were well accepted by the dogs, resulting in similar (P > 0.05) daily food intakes among treatments. Likewise, fecal output and scores did not differ (P > 0.05) among dietary treatments, with the latter being within the ideal range (2.5–2.9) in a 5-point scale. All diets were highly digestible and had similar (P > 0.05) ATTD of dry matter (81.6%–84.4%), organic matter (86.4%–87.3%), and crude protein (86.6%–87.3%). However, total dietary fiber (TDF) digestibility was greater for dogs fed the FSE diet (P < 0.05) in contrast with dogs fed the CT and SE diets, whereas dogs fed FP diets had intermediate TDF digestibility, but not different from all other treatments. Fecal acetate and propionate concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) for dogs fed FP and FSE diets. Fecal concentrations of isobutyrate and isovalerate were greater for dogs fed CT (P < 0.05) compared with dogs fed the other three treatments. No shifts in fecal microbial richness and diversity were observed among dietary treatments. Overall, the data suggest that dietary supplementation of fiber and prebiotic blend was well tolerated by dogs, did not cause detrimental effects on fecal quality or nutrient digestibility, and resulted in beneficial shifts in fecal metabolites that may support gut health.

scholarly journals PSXI-36 Evaluation of fecal microbiota of dogs fed extruded diets containing white and red sorghum as primary carbohydrate source

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 319-320
Author(s):  
Patrick von Schaumburg ◽  
Sandra L Rodriguez-Zas ◽  
Bruce R Southy ◽  
Maria R C de Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Care Protocol ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The University

Abstract Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a cereal grain consisting of either white, yellow, red, brown or black endosperms. In human and pet nutrition, sorghum has gained increased attention as a gluten-free and non-GMO whole-grain option. However, a paucity of information exists about the effect of this cereal grain on the GI microbiome and host health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of extruded diets containing corn (CON), white sorghum (WHS) or red sorghum (RES) as the main carbohydrate source on fecal microbiota and metabolites in dogs. Animal care protocol used in this study was approved by the Institutional Care and Use Committee at the University of Illinois. Three diets containing either 30% of CON, WHS, or RES were formulated to meet or exceed the AAFCO (2018) nutrient profile for adult dogs. Nine adult female beagles were randomly assigned to one of the 3 dietary treatments using a replicated 3x3 Latin square design. Each experiment period consisted of 14d (10d of diet adaption and 4d of fecal collection). Fresh fecal samples were collected and allocated for microbial analysis. Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing from V4 region was completed using MiSeq and analyzed using QIIME 2. Linear models were used to evaluate the main effect of treatment. Over 1.8 million sequences were generated. Samples were rarified to 42,160 reads for analysis of diversity and species richness. Beta-diversity did not differ among dogs fed CON, WHS, or RES diets (q- and p-values &gt; 0.05). Similarly, microbial richness was also not affected by treatment. Overall, fecal metabolite concentrations were similar among treatments and did not have a strong correlated with microbial taxa. Our findings indicate that extruded diets using sorghum as a substitute for corn as the main dietary carbohydrate result in similar fecal metabolite profile and microbiota in adult dogs.

scholarly journals Seaweed Supplementation Failed to Affect Fecal Microbiota and Metabolome as Well as Fecal IgA and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility in Adult Dogs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2234
Author(s):  
Carlo Pinna ◽  
Carla Giuditta Vecchiato ◽  
Monica Grandi ◽  
Claudio Stefanelli ◽  
Augusta Zannoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Saccharina Japonica ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Palmaria Palmata ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

The present study investigated in dogs the dietary effects of intact seaweeds on some fecal bacterial populations and metabolites, fecal IgA and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD). Ten healthy adult dogs were enrolled in a 5 × 5 replicated Latin square design to evaluate five dietary treatments: control diet (CD); CD + Ascophyllum nodosum; CD + Undaria pinnatifida; CD + Saccharina japonica; CD + Palmaria palmata (n replicates per treatment = 10). Seaweeds were added to food at a daily dose of 15 g/kg. The CD contained silica as a digestion marker. Each feeding period lasted 28 d, with a 7 d wash-out in between. Feces were collected at days 21 and 28 of each period for chemical and microbiological analyses. Fecal samples were collected during the last five days of each period for ATTD assessment. Dogs showed good health conditions throughout the study. The fecal chemical parameters, fecal IgA and nutrient ATTD were not influenced by algal supplementation. Similarly, microbiological analyses did not reveal any effect by seaweed ingestion. In conclusion, algal supplementation at a dose of 15 g/kg of diet failed to exert noticeable effects on the canine fecal parameters evaluated in the present study.

scholarly journals White and Red Sorghum as Primary Carbohydrate Sources in Extruded Diets of Felines

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick von Schaumburg ◽  
Fei He ◽  
Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas ◽  
Bruce R. Southey ◽  
C. M. Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Sorghum Grains ◽  
Fecal Ph ◽  
Nutrient Profiles ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The research objectives were to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of white (WSH) and red (RSH) sorghum grains on gastrointestinal health of felines through the determination of apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility (ATTD), fecal characteristics, fermentative end-products, and microbiota, compared with a traditional corn-based diet. We hypothesize that inclusion of RSH and WSH, respectively, would be well-accepted by cats, and the RSH and WSH diets would be comparable to corn when added as the main carbohydrate source in extruded diets. Three diets containing 30% corn, 30% WSH, or 30% RSH were formulated to meet or exceed the AAFCO (2018) nutrient profiles for cats during growth. Nine male cats (0.8 ± 0.00 yr) were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatments using a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. Experimental periods consisted of 14 d (10 d of diet adaption and 4 d of total and fresh fecal collections). The ATTD of dry matter (DM) did not differ amongst treatments, organic matter was greatest (P &lt; 0.05) for both sorghum diets (86.4%) and lowest for the corn diet (84.2%), crude protein was comparable among diets ranging from 84.5 to 86.6%, acid hydrolyzed fat was high among diets varying between 91.4 and 92.8%, and total dietary fiber was greatest (P &lt; 0.05) for the WSH diet (56.0%) with the corn diet being lowest (44.7%). Digestible energy was greatest (P &lt; 0.05) for the WSH diet (4.66 kcal/g) and lowest for the corn diet (4.54 kcal/g), with the RSH diet being intermediate (4.64; P &gt; 0.05). Fecal pH (6.3–6.5) and most fecal metabolites did not differ among diets except for phenol/indole concentrations that were significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) in cats fed the RSH diet (1.5 μmole/g DM) than for cats fed the corn diet (2.1 μmole/g DM). Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the major phyla observed in the microbiota of feces of cats fed the three experimental diets, with no differences seen amongst all treatments. Data indicate that dietary supplementation of these varieties of WSH and RSH as carbohydrate sources were well-tolerated by the cat.

scholarly journals Effects of body weight and fiber sources on fiber digestibility and short chain fatty acid concentration in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1975-1984
Author(s):  
Jinbiao Zhao ◽  
Xuzhou Liu ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Junjun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fiber ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Objective: The study was conducted to determine the effects of body weight (BW) and fiber sources on nutrient digestibility, fiber fermentation and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration in different intestinal segments of growing pigs fed high-fiber diets.Methods: Nine barrows with initial BW of 25.17±0.73 kg and 9 barrows with initial BW of 63.47±2.18 kg were allotted to a duplicate 9×2 Youden Square design with 3 dietary treatments and 2 periods. The dietary treatments were formulated with 3 different high-fiber ingredients: corn bran, sugar beet pulp, and soybean hulls, respectively. Each diet was fed to 3 barrows with different stage of BW in each period.Results: There were no differences in the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of most nutrients between pigs at different BW stages. Pigs at 60 kg had greater (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), and had greater (p<0.05) hindgut disappearance of IDF and cellulose than pigs at 25 kg. The acetate, propionate and total SCFA concentrations in ileal digesta and feces of pigs at 60 kg were greater (p<0.05) than those of pigs at 25 kg. In addition, fiber sources affected (p<0.05) the AID of gross energy (GE), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein, SDF and hemicellulose, the hindgut disappearance and ATTD of dietary fiber components, the lactate and propionate concentrations in ileal digesta and the butyrate, valerate and total SCFA concentrations in feces. There were interactions (p<0.05) between BW and fiber sources on the AID of GE, OM, EE, SDF, hemicellulose, the ATTD of EE, TDF, and IDF, and the hindgut disappearance of SDF and hemicellulose.Conclusion: Increasing BW mainly improved the digestibility of dietary fiber fractions, and the dietary fiber sources influenced the digestibility of almost all the dietary nutrients in growing pigs.

Effects of vegetable oil and yeast fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in Thai Friesian dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Suphrap ◽  
C. Wachirapakorn ◽  
C. Thamrongyoswittayakul and C. Wongnen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Cassava Pulp ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vegetable oil and yeast fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in Thai Friesian dairy cows (Thai native x Holstein Friesian). Eight Thai Friesian dairy cows (447±44 kg.BW) were assigned to 4×4 double latin square design (DLSD) with two sources of oil i.e. palm oil (PO) or soybean oil (SBO) and four levels of YFCP (0, 5, 10 and 20%DM) in the dietary treatments. All cows received total mixed ration (TMR) comprised of rice straw to concentrate at a ratio of 40:60. The results showed that supplementation of SBO had lowered feed intake, nutrients digestibility, metabolize energy intake (MEI), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and methane emission than PO treatment. However, cows received SBO had greater total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), propionic acid (C3), butyric acid (C4) than cows received on PO (P less than 0.05). In addition, supplementation of YFCP at 10%DM in the diet as an optimum level in dairy cow diets (P greater than 0.05). Finally, the interaction between the addition of SBO and YFCP at 10%DM (SBO+YFCP) had a positive effect on enhancing ether extract intake (EEI) in dairy cows.

Effect of lipid supply on in vivo digestion in cows: Comparison of hay and corn silage diets

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ben Salem ◽  
R. Krzeminski ◽  
A. Ferlay ◽  
M. Doreau
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Friesian Cows

Four Holstein × Friesian cows with rumen and duodenal cannulae were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design consisting of four experimental diets differing in the nature of forage and the presence or absence of rapeseed oil supplement. Dietary treatments were composed of 60% grassland hay and 40% production concentrate (diet H), and of 65% corn silage, 28% production concentrate and 7% soybean meal (diet S). Each diet was also supplied with 7% rapeseed oil. These supplemented diets are designated respectively HO and SO. Digestibility of organic matter was 69.0, 67.5, 73.6 and 70.0% for diets H, HO, S and SO, respectively. The differences were mainly due to variations in NDF digestibility: 55.0, 50.4, 56.9 and 46.9% for diets H, HO, S and SO, respectively. These results are consistent with variations in VFA concentration and composition. However, differences among diets in in situ cellulose degradation were lower than expected. Starch and nitrogen degradation measured in situ, and ruminal outflow rate of liquid and solids were not modified by lipid supply. Hydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acids was high (mean 88.9 and 89.5%, respectively) and did not depend on the diet. Key words: Cow, digestion, rumen, lipid supply

The fermentation of polydextrose in the large intestine and its beneficial effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Röytiö ◽  
A.C. Ouwehand
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Polymer ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Polydextrose is a randomly bonded glucose polymer with a highly branched and complex structure. It resists digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract and is partially fermented in the large intestine by the colonic microbes. Due to its complex structure, a plethora of microbes is required for the catabolism of polydextrose and this process occurs slowly. This gradual fermentation of polydextrose gives rise to moderate amounts of fermentation products, such as short chain fatty acids and gas. The production of these metabolites continues in the distal part of the colon, which is usually considered to be depleted of saccharolytic fermentation substrates. The fermentation of polydextrose modifies the composition of the microbiota in the colon, and has been shown to impact appetite and satiety in humans and improve the gastrointestinal function. The purpose of this short review is to summarise the in vitro, in vivo and human studies investigating the fermentation properties of polydextrose in the large intestine.

scholarly journals Effects of the inclusion of glycerin in diets containing 30 or 70% roughage on feed disappearance and digestibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1717
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Homem Junior ◽  
Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel ◽  
Leonardo Fernandes Cremasco ◽  
Marco Túlio Costa Almeida ◽  
Josimari Regina Paschoaloto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Nellore Cattle

The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro nutrient disappearance and in vivo nutrient digestibility of cattle diets containing 70 or 30% roughage, with and without glycerin supplementation. Four Nellore cattle were used in the study based on a 4 × 4 Latin Square design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Inclusion of glycerin and roughage proportion did not affect the nutrient disappearance of each ingredient (P > 0.05). Regardless of the inclusion of glycerin, a reduction in the proportion of roughage led to an increase (P < 0.05) in DMDis (64 vs. 72%), NDFDis (41 vs. 54%), and ADFDis (31 vs. 44%) of the total rations. Inclusion of glycerin resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in DMD (70 vs. 62%) and a reduction (P < 0.05) in CPD (32 vs. 38%) and STD (82 vs. 74%). The diet containing 30% roughage led to higher (P < 0.05) DMD (67 vs. 65%) and CPD (35 vs. 33%) in comparison with the 70% roughage diet, but did not differ (P > 0.05) in STD (78%). Inclusion of glycerin at 20% of the total DM increased the utilisation of dietary DM without affecting the fibrous fraction of the diet. Glycerin supplementation in diets containing 70% roughage improves neutral detergent fibre digestibility.

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