Effects of Exogenous Glucocorticoid Administration on Feed Intake in Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
Keelee J McCarty ◽  
Nathan Long
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Respective Treatment ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Low Cortisol

Abstract Calves (n = 63) from Angus crossbred cows were weighed and randomly assigned to treatments within 4 h of parturition (d 0). Each calf was intravenously infused with either a low cortisol [LC; n = 22, 3.5 µg hydrocortisol sodium succinate/kg body weight (BW)], high cortisol (HC; n = 20, 7.0 µg/kg BW), or a sham infusion control (CON; n = 21, similar volume of saline). Each calf was administered a second infusion of its respective treatment 24 h postpartum. Blood was collected via jugular venipuncture before infusion and daily from d 0–17 of age and analyzed for leptin concentrations using a validated radioimmunoassay. Animal BW was collected every 14 d from d 0 until the end of the study. Heifers (n = 31; 367±4 d of age) and steers (n = 32; 385±4 d of age) entered a Growsafe system to measure feed intake (FI) and were allowed a 2-wk adjustment period to a commercial ration (1.27 Mcal NEm/kg and 15.8% CP and 0.45 Mcal NEg/kg and 13.8% CP, respectively; DM basis). Heifer body condition score (BCS) was collected at the beginning and end of the trial. Heifers were fed for 70 d and steers until they obtained a 12th rib back fat (BF) thickness of 1.15 cm. Data were analyzed via ANOVA or repeated measures using appropriate models of SAS. Serum leptin concentrations observed a treatment by day interaction (P = 0.0028), in which HC and LC were decreased compared to CON from d 2–17 of age. Calf birth BW and adjusted 205-d BW did not differ (P > 0.056) between treatments. Heifer BW gain, BCS change, and number of feed events were increased (P = 0.001) in LC compared to HC and CON. Steers did not differ between treatments (P > 0.080) in BW, BW gain, or BF thickness. However, LC steers observed greater daily FI (P = 0.047) and tended to have greater final BW (P = 0.080). In summary, exogenous cortisol administered to calves at parturition reduced leptin concentrations and improved FI of beef steers during a feeding trial.

scholarly journals 200 Comparison of daily rotation and slow rotational grazing on ewe performance, parasite infestation, and soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 75-75
Author(s):  
Kailey Bradley ◽  
Brooke Boyd ◽  
Lindsay Garrison ◽  
Morgan Higgins ◽  
Robert Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Slow Rotation ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Electric Fence ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Parasite Infestation

Abstract Impact of grazing method on ewe performance, parasite infestation, and soil was examined using mature, non-lactating ewes divided into slow rotation (SR; n = 20) or daily rotation (DR; n = 20) groups. Pastures previously grazed by sheep were divided and soil sampled. Temporary electric fence provided daily pasture allocation for DR. Ewes had been adapted to temporary electric fence for two weeks. Both DR and SR were moved to new pasture at the same time. Ewes were weighed and fecal egg counts were conducted biweekly. On alternate weeks, ewes were body condition scored (BCS), FAMACHA scored, and dewormed if FAMACHA score was 4 or greater. After 10 weeks of grazing (June 1-August 10, 2018), final ewe weights and soil samples were collected. Body condition score, FAMACHA, fecal egg count, body weight, and soil test results were tested for effect of grazing group, date, and group by date interaction using procedures for repeated measures with JMP software (version 10, SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). The FAMACHA scores were greatest on July 6 (P < 0.0001). BCS were greater on June 8 and 22 than July 6 and August 3 (P < 0.0001). Ewes were heaviest on June 1 and 15, lightest on July 27 and August 10 (P < 0.0001), and DR ewes were lighter than SR ewes on July 27 and August 10 (P < 0.0001). No effect of treatment, date, or treatment by date interaction on fecal egg count (P > 0.23) was detected. Soil organic matter decreased over the study (P = 0.0024), but organic matter change was less in DR than SR (P = 0.0092). DR did not influence parasitism, but may enhance soil organic matter.

Corn or alfalfa as the forage source in predominantly silage diets for late-lactation dairy cows

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Charmley ◽  
P. H. Robinson ◽  
R. E. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

Twelve multiparous and three primiparous cows were used in a 10-wk lactation study with two repeated measures to evaluate diets containing 90% timothy–alfalfa silage (TA), 84% corn silage (CS) or an equal mixture of each (TA–CS). Each diet was supplemented with minerals to meet requirements; barley was used as a carrier. Diets CS and TA–CS were also supplemented with urea, casein and soybean meal, making them similar to TA for undegraded intake protein (UIP) and degraded intake protein (DIP) levels. Two of the cows on each treatment were fitted with a ruminal cannula. There were no treatment effects on intake (27 g DM kg−1 BW), body-weight change or body-condition score. Milk yield averaged 15.3 kg d−1 and was not treatment influenced (P > 0.05); however, yield of fat and protein and percentage of lactose in milk showed a linear response to increased corn silage in the diet (P < 0.05). Rumen pH was least and rumen ammonia concentration greatest in the mixed silage diet (P < 0.05). Rumen pool sizes of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber were not treatment influenced (P > 0.05). All treatments supported modest levels of production for cows in late lactation, with increasing dietary energy density from corn silage increasing energy output in milk. Key words: Dairy cow, silage diets, forage species, milk production

scholarly journals Serum levels of testosterone and performance of surgical or immunocastrated beef steers

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-311
Author(s):  
Diego Soares Machado ◽  
Dari Celestino Alves Filho ◽  
Flânia Mônego Argenta ◽  
Ivan Luiz Brondani ◽  
Ana Paula Machado Martini
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Immunological Castration

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the serum concentration of testosterone and the performance of beef steers submitted to different surgical or immunological castration strategies. Forty- eight Aberdeen Angus calves were randomly distributed in the following treatments: surgical castrated at birth; surgical castrated at weaning; immunocastrated with three doses of Bopriva® vaccine; immunocastrated with four doses of Bopriva® vaccine. The hormonal dosages were performed through ELISA Test by “In vitro” competition. The weighing and body condition score of the animals were determined at the beginning and at the end of each evaluated phase. The completely randomly experimental design was used. Data were submitted to variance analysis by F test, being the averages compared by Tukey test with α=0.05. There was an interaction between treatment and collection date (P<0.05) for the serum levels of testosterone. By occasion of the slaughter, all the animals presented a similar serum concentration of testosterone, characterizing them as castrated. Animals immunological castrated with three doses of Bopriva® presented higher daily average gain and total weight gain on finishing phase than the ones surgical castrated at weaning. The immunological castration shows a viable alternative in relation to surgical castration.

Effects of cooked molasses licking block supplementation pre- and post-partum on feed intake, suckling lamb performance, milk yield and milk quality in dairy sheep. Part 1

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1838
Author(s):  
A. Cabiddu ◽  
E. Trevisi ◽  
G. Molle ◽  
G. Lovotti ◽  
C. Manca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Parity Number ◽  
Ryegrass Hay

This study tested the nutritional benefit of a supplement offered freely to dairy sheep over a period from 60 days before lambing to 60 days after lambing, at stall and grazing. Thirty Sarda dairy sheep on Day 90 of gestation, homogeneous for age, parity number, bodyweight (BW) and body condition score (BCS), were allocated to one of two groups: control (Ctr) or treated (Cry). Over 120 days, both groups received ryegrass hay and concentrate indoors. After weaning, the ewes also had access to pasture for 6 h/day. Throughout the experimental period, the Cry group had ad libitum access to a cooked molasses licking block. No significant differences were observed between the groups in forage, concentrate and total DM intake. During the experiment, the reduction in BCS in early lactation tended to be slower in the Cry than in Ctr group (Ptrend < 0.09), whereas no significant effects were seen on BW. Lamb performance tended to be improved by Cry in terms of liveweight of litter size per sheep (9.65 vs 8.22 kg for Cry and Ctr, respectively; P < 0.07), whereas no significant effects were observed on milk yield and composition, except for a trend for increased fat content in the Cry versus Ctr group (6.15% vs 5.95%, respectively; P < 0.08). Cry ewes had higher blood cholesterol concentrations than did Ctr ewes (1.96 vs 1.63 mmol/L; P < 0.01). Because there were no differences between feed intake at stall and the estimated total DM intake at stall and during grazing between the two groups, the better performance of the Cry group could be explained by an increase of feed use efficiency at the digestive and/or metabolic level.

scholarly journals Relationships between body condition score change, prior mid-lactation phenotypic residual feed intake, and hyperketonemia onset in transition dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 3685-3696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca M. Rathbun ◽  
Ryan S. Pralle ◽  
Sandra J. Bertics ◽  
Louis E. Armentano ◽  
K. Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Score Change ◽  
Transition Dairy Cows ◽  
Condition Score

Effect of pour-on alphacypermethrin on feed intake, body condition score, milk yield, pregnancy rates, and calving-to-conception interval in buffaloes1,2

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1850-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bifulco ◽  
V. Veneziano ◽  
R. Cimmino ◽  
L. Esposito ◽  
L. Auletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Condition Score

scholarly journals Common Feeding Practices Pose A Risk to the Welfare of Horses When Kept on Non-Edible Bedding

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Miriam Baumgartner ◽  
Theresa Boisson ◽  
Michael H. Erhard ◽  
Margit H. Zeitler-Feicht
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
The Body ◽  
Evening Meal ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Individual Housing ◽  
Condition Score

During the evolution of the horse, an extended period of feed intake, spread over the entire 24-h period, determined the horses’ behaviour and physiology. Horses will not interrupt their feed intake for more than 4 h, if they have a choice. The aim of the present study was to investigate in what way restrictive feeding practices (non ad libitum) affect the horses’ natural feed intake behaviour. We observed the feed intake behaviour of 104 horses on edible (n = 30) and non-edible bedding (n = 74) on ten different farms. We assessed the duration of the forced nocturnal feed intake interruption of horses housed on shavings when no additional roughage was available. Furthermore, we comparatively examined the feed intake behaviour of horses housed on edible versus non-edible bedding. The daily restrictive feeding of roughage (2 times a day: n = 8; 3 times a day: n = 2), as it is common in individual housing systems, resulted in a nocturnal feed intake interruption of more than 4 hours for the majority (74.32%, 55/74) of the horses on shavings (8:50 ± 1:25 h, median: 8:45 h, minimum: 6:45 h, maximum: 13:23 h). In comparison to horses on straw, horses on shavings paused their feed intake less frequently and at a later latency. Furthermore, they spent less time on consuming the evening meal than horses on straw. Our results of the comparison of the feed-intake behaviour of horses on edible and non-edible bedding show that the horses’ ethological feeding needs are not satisfied on non-edible bedding. If the horses accelerate their feed intake (also defined as “rebound effect”), this might indicate that the horses‘ welfare is compromised. We conclude that in addition to the body condition score, the longest duration of feed intake interruption (usually in the night) is an important welfare indicator of horses that have limited access to roughage.

Changes in ultrasound measures of muscle and its genetic variation during lactation in dairy cows

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sloniewski ◽  
I. L. Mao ◽  
J. Jensen ◽  
P. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Normal Feeding

AbstractChanges in ultrasound measures of muscle area (UtM) during lactation in different breeds and parities and with different feeding levels were examined. Random regressions were fitted to repeated measures of UtM in order to study changes in variance components of UtM during lactation. Correlations between measures taken in different stages of lactation and in different parities were also calculated. The shape of UtM curves during lactation appeared to be fairly consistent for all breeds and parities. The lowest point of all curves coincided with the expected nadir of body reserves during lactation. With lower-than-normal feeding level, the drop of UtM after calving was deeper and the overall level was lower. A major proportion of the variance in UtM was found to be determined by additive genetic variation. In all three breeds studied, repeatability and heritability estimates were high and fairly consistent during lactation and between parities. The very high genetic correlations between measures taken in different periods of lactation suggested that muscle growth and recovery are controlled by the same gene complex throughout lactation.Our results suggest that UtM, if used jointly with other body measures such as body condition score, could be a useful indicator of tissue mobilization and deposition in the lactating cow, especially during the early stage of lactation.

scholarly journals 95 Impact of daily movement with low or higher target residue on ewe weight gain and parasite infestation

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
Isabella Kukor-Laureano ◽  
Izzy Van Buren ◽  
Jay A Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Daily Movement ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Parasite Infestation ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Abstract Impact of grazing method on ewe performance, parasite infestation, and soil, was examined using mature, non-lactating Katahdin ewes. Pasture consisting of primarily common bermudagrass/crabgrass mixture previously grazed by sheep was divided into four, approximately one acre paddocks [two with a target of 3 cm residue (SR; short residue) and two with a target of 13 cm residue (LR; long residue)] and soil sampled. On May 17 (d 0), 5 ewes were placed on each paddock and provided with daily grazing allocation using temporary electric fence. Body weight and fecal egg count (FEC) was recorded biweekly beginning on d 0. On alternate weeks, ewe body condition score (BCS) and FAMACHA score was recorded. After 84 days of grazing, final data and soil samples were collected. BCS, FAMACHA, FEC, body weight, and soil test results were tested for effect of treatment (SR vs LR), day, and treatment by day interaction using procedures for repeated measures with JMP software (version 10, SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). There was an effect of treatment (P = 0.0345) and day (P &lt; 0.0001) on BCS such that BCS was greater for LR than SR, and d 63 and 77 was greater than 35 and 49. There was an effect of day on body weight (P = 0.0008) such that body weights were greater on d 70 and 84 than d 0, 14, and 28. There was a tendency for a treatment by day interaction (P = 0.0766) on FEC such that FEC was greater for SR on d 70 and 84 than all other treatment days except SR on d 56 and LR on d 0. No effects on FAMACHA score or soil parameters were significant. These data indicate daily rotation with a higher target residue can result in improved body condition and lower FEC.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Relationship between Postpartum Health and Mid-Lactation Performance, Behavior, and Feed Efficiency in Holstein Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1385
Author(s):  
Malia J. Martin ◽  
Kent A. Weigel ◽  
Heather M. White
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Postpartum Health ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Health Disorders

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between postpartum health disorders and mid-lactation performance, feed efficiency, and sensor-derived behavioral traits. Multiparous cows (n = 179) were monitored for health disorders for 21 days postpartum and enrolled in a 45-day trial between 50 to 200 days in milk, wherein feed intake, milk yield and components, body weight, body condition score, and activity, lying, and feeding behaviors were recorded. Feed efficiency was measured as residual feed intake and the ratio of fat- or energy-corrected milk to dry matter intake. Cows were classified as either having hyperketonemia (HYK; n = 72) or not (n = 107) and grouped by frequency of postpartum health disorders: none (HLT; n = 94), one (DIS; n = 63), or ≥2 (DIS+; n = 22). Cows that were diagnosed with HYK had higher mid-lactation yields of fat- and energy-corrected milk. No differences in feed efficiency were detected between HYK or health status groups. Highly active mid-lactation time was higher in healthy animals, and rumination time was lower in ≥4th lactation cows compared with HYK or DIS and DIS+ cows. Differences in mid-lactation behaviors between HYK and health status groups may reflect the long-term impacts of health disorders. The lack of a relationship between postpartum health and mid-lactation feed efficiency indicates that health disorders do not have long-lasting impacts on feed efficiency.

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