101 Awardee Talk: Impacts of Gestational and Early-life Nutrition on Productive Responses of Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
Kelsey Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Feeder Cattle ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Cattle Systems ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Nutritional management during gestation as well as postnatally is critical to optimize efficiency and profitability of beef cattle systems. Two experiments were performed evaluating the effects of trace mineral supplementation during gestation and supplementation with calcium salts of soybean oil (CSSO) to nursing beef steers on performance and physiological responses. In experiment one, the impact of inorganic or organic Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn supplementation to beef cows during gestation were evaluated on parameters associated with offspring performance and physiological responses. One hundred and ninety non lactating pregnant beef cows were assigned to the experiment at 117 ± 2.2 days of gestation (d 0) and received diets containing either 1) sulfate sources of Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn (INR), or 2) organic complexed source of Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn (AAC). No treatment differences were detected (P ≥ 0.19) for calf body weight at birth or at weaning. Heifers born to INR cows had delayed puberty attainment (treatment ×day interaction; P < 0.01), whereas no treatment differences were detected (P ≥ 0.24) for carcass traits when male offspring were reared as feeder cattle. In experiment two, the impacts of supplementing CSSO at 2 months of age via creep-feeding and/or postweaning via preconditioning were evaluated on parameters associated carcass quality and development. Steers receiving CSSO at 2 mo of age had greater (P ≤ 0.01) mRNA expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism in the longissimus muscle later in life, although no treatment differences were detected for performance or carcass traits (P ≥ 0.18). Outcomes of these experiments may be used to develop nutritional strategies to enhance productive efficiency in beef cattle systems. Research is still warranted to examine the effects of such supplementation during these periods of developmental plasticity on cattle productivity.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of Smallholder Beef Cattle Farming in Gorontalo District, Gorontalo

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Abdul Rouf ◽  
Arief Daryanto ◽  
Anna Fariyanti
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Feeder Cattle ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Cattle Farming ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Impact

The objectives of this study were to analyze the competitiveness of the beef cattle farming in Gorontalo District, to analyze the impact of government policies on competitiveness and to analyze the impact of changes in input and output factors of production to competitiveness. Primary data were obtained from 60 respondents were selected using non-probability sampling method. The analysis methods used were Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) and sensitivity analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the commodity beef cattle in Gorontalo District has a weak competitiveness. The impact of policy to the beef cattle farming showed that the farmers are not protected by government policies (EPC<1). The impact of changes in input and output of production on the competitiveness showed that: 1) the increase in the price of domestic meat and the world respectively 8.44%  and 10% will increase the competitiveness, 2) an increase in the price of feeder cattle at 3.28%, forage feed costs by 10% and labor costs by 10% will impact beef cattle farming do not have a competitive advantage but still have a comparative advantage, and 3) increase in meat production about 12.72% will increase the competitiveness of beef cattle.

Slaughter and carcass traits of calves from first-cross and reciprocal back-cross beef cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Newman ◽  
A. K. W. Tong ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
G. W. Rahnefeld ◽  
D. R. C. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Back Cross ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Bone Content

Breed-of-dam and sex-of-calf effects are reported based on observation of 2007 heifer and steer carcasses. The carcasses were derived from Limousin-sired calves born to dams representing 15 F1 and backcross genotypes reared at two locations over a period of 5 yr. The calves represented Hereford × Angus, Charolais × Shorthorn, Simmental × Shorthorn and all backcross combinations involving Charolais or Simmental with Hereford, Angus or Shorthorn. Carcass traits were analyzed on an unadjusted, a constant hot-carcass weight, and a constant rib-fat depth basis. The slaughter criteria dictated that steers were heavier at slaughter than heifers. They also exhibited higher dressing yield, greater longissimus thoracis area, and lower fat depth. Charolais and Simmental breeding was associated with less rib fat depth, greater longissimus thoracis area, a higher proportion of preferred cuts, less dissectible fat, more bone and more lean in the preferred cuts than British beef breeding. Within the European (Charolais and Simmental) and British beef (Hereford, Angus and Shorthorn) breed groups, breed effects were smaller, but for carcass composition traits they were frequently significant. When compared with Simmental, Charolais breeding tended to be associated with less marbling, less rib fat depth, less dissectible fat and more lean in the preferred cuts. Among the British beef breeds, Hereford was associated with the highest proportion of preferred cuts, Shorthorn with the lowest rib fat depth — but the highest dissectible fat — and Angus with the most marbling, the greatest longissimus thoracis area and the lowest bone content. This research has demonstrated that breed effects for carcass composition traits tend to be additive and that a significant effect may be associated with substitution of as little as one-eighth of the breed composition. Key words: Beef cattle, slaughter traits, carcass traits, breed type, crossbred dam, backcross dam

scholarly journals Multi-Trait Single-Step GBLUP Improves Accuracy of Genomic Prediction for Carcass Traits Using Yearling Weight and Ultrasound Traits in Hanwoo

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mehrban ◽  
Masoumeh Naserkheil ◽  
Deukhwan Lee ◽  
Noelia Ibáñez-Escriche
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Correlated Traits ◽  
The Impact

There has been a growing interest in the genetic improvement of carcass traits as an important and primary breeding goal in the beef cattle industry over the last few decades. The use of correlated traits and molecular information can aid in obtaining more accurate estimates of breeding values. This study aimed to assess the improvement in the accuracy of genetic predictions for carcass traits by using ultrasound measurements and yearling weight along with genomic information in Hanwoo beef cattle by comparing four evaluation models using the estimators of the recently developed linear regression method. We compared the performance of single-trait pedigree best linear unbiased prediction [ST-BLUP and single-step genomic (ST-ssGBLUP)], as well as multi-trait (MT-BLUP and MT-ssGBLUP) models for the studied traits at birth and yearling date of steers. The data comprised of 15,796 phenotypic records for yearling weight and ultrasound traits as well as 5,622 records for carcass traits (backfat thickness, carcass weight, eye muscle area, and marbling score), resulting in 43,949 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from 4,284 steers and 2,332 bulls. Our results indicated that averaged across all traits, the accuracy of ssGBLUP models (0.52) was higher than that of pedigree-based BLUP (0.34), regardless of the use of single- or multi-trait models. On average, the accuracy of prediction can be further improved by implementing yearling weight and ultrasound data in the MT-ssGBLUP model (0.56) for the corresponding carcass traits compared to the ST-ssGBLUP model (0.49). Moreover, this study has shown the impact of genomic information and correlated traits on predictions at the yearling date (0.61) using MT-ssGBLUP models, which was advantageous compared to predictions at birth date (0.51) in terms of accuracy. Thus, using genomic information and high genetically correlated traits in the multi-trait model is a promising approach for practical genomic selection in Hanwoo cattle, especially for traits that are difficult to measure.

Response of autumn calving suckler cows to the feed additive Avotan

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 96-96
Author(s):  
B G Lowman ◽  
N A Scott ◽  
A J Mudd
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Glycopeptide Antibiotic ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Cattle Systems ◽  
Product Licence

Avotan is a feed additive commonly used in finishing and growing beef cattle systems to improve feed efficiency - producing higher liveweight gains on similar feed intakes. The active ingredient is a glycopeptide antibiotic (Avoparcin, Cyanamid UK) active against Gram - positive bacteria. In 1991 Avotan received an EEC product licence for use in dairy cows. Extensive trials showed that on average Avotan gave a 5% response in milk yield on the same level of feed intake with no effect on milk composition. No information was however available on the use of Avotan in beef cows. This trial reports on the response of autumn calving suckler cows to Avotan in terms of both cow and calf liveweight change and cow fertility.

scholarly journals Influence of Follicular Growth Stimulation on Fertility of Beef Cows Treated with eCG or FSH in FTAI Protocols

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Diego Xavier Thedy ◽  
Carolina Gabriela Becker Berlitz ◽  
Carolina Rodrigues Oliveira ◽  
Débora Schneid Vaz Luiz ◽  
Gabriella Dos Santos Velho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Implant Removal ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Device Removal ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Cattle Systems ◽  
And Control

Background: The pregnancy rate in fixed-time insemination (FTAI) programs in beef cattle is affected by several factors, including the size of ovulatory follicle (OF). Induced ovulation of small OF (≤11 mm) reduces the chance of pregnancy after FTAI when compared to ovulation of larger follicles (≥12 mm). Hormonal treatments to enhance the follicle growth have been widely used in comercial beef cattle systems, aiming to improve the development of a dominant follicle. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of treatment with eCG or FSH at the time of progesterone implant removal on the diameter of OF, final follicle growth and pregnancy rate in beef cows.Materials, Methods & Results: Three hundred and seven suckled beef cows with body condition score 2.80 ± 0.24 (1 to 5 scale) and 45 to 70 days postpartum were synchronized to FTAI. On day 0, intravaginal implants containing 1 g of progesterone, were inserted and administered 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB), i.m. On day 7, intravaginal implants were removed and 150 µg of D-cloprostenol were administered i.m. At this time, three groups were assigned according to the treatments: eCG (400 UI eCG, i.m.), FSH (25 UI FSH, i.m.) and Control (1 mL Saline, i.m.). On day 8, all cows were injected with 1mg EB i.m. and were inseminated 52 to 56 h after the implant removal. Transrectal ultrasonography exams of ovaries were performed at the time of implant removal and before FTAI to determine the diameter of the largest follicle and the follicular daily growth. Pregnancy exams were conducted by transretal ultrasonography 30 days after FTAI. Statistical analyzes were performed by Chi-square test for pregnancy rate. Ovarian diameters and follicular daily growth were analyzed by ANOVA with means compared by Tukey test considering significant P value < 0.05. The diameter of the largest follicle measured on day 7 (10.07, 9.64 and 10.36 mm) and on day 9 (12.73, 11.53 and 12.57 mm), to eCG, FSH and Control respectively, did not differ within treatments (P > 0.05). Final follicular growth was greater (P < 0.05) on eCG group (1.33 mm/day) compared to Control (1.1 mm/day) and FSH (0.94 mm/day). The pregnancy rates of FTAI were 56.6% (60/106), 52% (51/98) and 50.4% (52/103) to eCG, FSH and Control, respectively, with no statistic difference (P > 0.05).Discussion: Suckled beef cows managed under grazing systems frequently have reduced follicular development and longer postpartum anestrous. In this situation, protocols to FTAI combining progesterone, estradiol and eCG or FSH at the time of progesterone device removal are encouraged to improve final follicular growth, ovulation and to increase conception rate. The hypotesis of similar follicular growth and pregnancy rate in suckled beef cows treated with eCG or FSH was not confirmed in the field trial. eCG treated cows had greater follicular growth, follicular diameter at day 9 and higher pregnancy rate compared to FSH and Control cows. FSH produced similar follicular growth rates to Controls and both were significantly smaller than observed in cows receiving eCG. Also FSH supplementation failed to enhance pregnancy rate compared to Control cows. The longer half-life of eCG and its greater LH-like effects could explain the difference in final follicular stimulation when compared to FSH in FTAI protocols. Thus, administration of a single dose of FSH at progesterone device removal failed to be an alternative to eCG in FTAI synchronization programs.

scholarly journals Effects of Zinc and Menthol-Based Diets on Co-Selection of Antibiotic Resistance among E. coli and Enterococcus spp. in Beef Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Murray ◽  
Raghavendra G. Amachawadi ◽  
Keri N. Norman ◽  
Sara D. Lawhon ◽  
Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Feeder Cattle ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
The Impact

Antibiotic resistance represents a growing crisis in both human and veterinary medicine. We evaluated the use of antibiotic alternatives—heavy metals and essential oils—in beef cattle feeding, and their effects on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In this randomized controlled field trial, we measured the impact of supplemental zinc and menthol on antibiotic resistance among commensal enteric bacteria of feeder cattle. Fecal suspensions were plated onto plain- and antibiotic-supplemented MacConkey and m-Enterococcus agar for quantification of total and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp., respectively. Temporal effects on overall E. coli growth were significant (p < 0.05), and menthol was associated with decreased growth on tetracycline-supplemented agar. Zinc was associated with significant increases in growth on erythromycin-supplemented m-Enterococcus agar. Cattle fed zinc exhibited significantly higher levels of macrolide resistance among fecal enterococci isolates.

scholarly journals Habituation Protocols Improve Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Beef Cattle Exposed to Students in an Animal Handling Class

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2159
Author(s):  
Aska Ujita ◽  
Zachary Seekford ◽  
Michelle Kott ◽  
Guillermo Goncherenko ◽  
Nicholas W. Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Animal Handling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

Our objective was to determine the impact of different habituation protocols on beef cattle behavior, physiology, and temperament in response to human handling. Beef heifers were exposed to three habituation strategies: (1) tactile stimulation (brushing) in the working chute for seven consecutive days (STI; n = 18); (2) passage through the working chute for seven consecutive days (CHU; n = 19) and; (3) no habituation (CON; n = 19). Individual heifer respiratory rate (RR; n/min), internal vaginal temperature (VAGT; °C), and blood cortisol were measured. Further, behavior parameters were observed to generate a behavior score, and heifer interaction with students and their behavioral responses were recorded. Habituation with STI and CHU resulted in improved numerical behavioral scores compared to CON, and greater (p ≤ 0.05) handling latencies. Vaginal temperature was decreased in STI compared to CHU and CONT (p ≤ 0.05). Cortisol concentration did not differ among treatments, but decreased (p ≤ 0.05) from the start of the experiment to 14 days after treatment initiation. Both habituation protocols showed benefits, but heifers that received the positive tactile stimulation in the chute had the greatest behavior improvements. Furthermore, these heifers responded more calmly during student-animal interactions in class, which is beneficial for the students’ and animals’ safety.

scholarly journals Effects of the Antibiotic Alternatives Zinc and Menthol on Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance of E. coli and Enterococcus spp. in Beef Cattle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Murray ◽  
Raghavendra G. Amachawadi ◽  
Keri N. Norman ◽  
Sara D. Lawhon ◽  
T. G. Nagaraja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Feeder Cattle ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Randomized Controlled Field Trial

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a growing crisis in both human and veterinary medicine. We evaluated the use of two categories of antibiotic alternatives &ndash; heavy metals and essential oils &ndash; in beef cattle, and their effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. In this randomized controlled field trial, we measured the impact of supplemental zinc and menthol on antimicrobial resistance among commensal enteric bacteria of feeder cattle. Fecal suspensions were plated onto plain- and antibiotic-supplemented MacConkey and m-Enterococcus agar for quantification of total and antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp., respectively. Temporal effects on overall E. coli growth were significant (P&amp;lt; 0.05); however, there were no significant effects on antibiotic-supplemented agar. Zinc was associated with significant increases in growth on erythromycin-supplemented m-Enterococcus agar. Cattle fed zinc exhibited significantly higher macrolide resistance among fecal enterococci isolates.

scholarly journals Genetic Parameters for Growth, Ultrasound and Carcass Traits in New Zealand Beef Cattle and Their Correlations with Maternal Performance

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Franziska Weik ◽  
Rebecca E. Hickson ◽  
Stephen T. Morris ◽  
Dorian J. Garrick ◽  
Jason A. Archer
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Maternal Performance

Research has shown that enhancing finishing performance in beef cows is feasible; however, any adverse impact of selection strategies for finishing performance on the performance of the maternal herd should be taken into account. The aim of this research was to examine the inheritance of growth, ultrasound and carcass traits in finishing beef cattle and to evaluate their correlations with maternal performance traits. Data were collected from a nationwide progeny test on commercial New Zealand hill country farms comprising a total of 4473 beef cows and their progeny. Most finishing traits were moderately to highly heritable (0.28–0.58) with the exception of meat or fat colour and ossification (0.00–0.12). Ultrasound scan traits had high genetic correlations with corresponding traits measured at slaughter (rg = 0.53–0.95) and may be used as a selection tool for improved genetic merit of the beef carcass. Fat content determined via ultrasound scanning in the live animal or at slaughter in finishing cattle is positively genetically correlated with rebreeding performance (rg = 0.22–0.39) in female herd replacements and negatively correlated with mature cow live weight (rg = −0.40 to −0.19). Low-magnitude associations were observed between the genetic merit for carcass fat traits with body condition in mature cows.

scholarly journals Review: Impacts of shade on cattle well-being in the beef supply chain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily N Edwards-Callaway ◽  
M Caitlin Cramer ◽  
Caitlin N Cadaret ◽  
Elizabeth J Bigler ◽  
Terry E Engle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Stress Susceptibility ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Shade is a mechanism to reduce heat load providing cattle with an environment supportive of their welfare needs. Although heat stress has been extensively reviewed, researched, and addressed in dairy production systems, it has not been investigated in the same manner in the beef cattle supply chain. Like all animals, beef cattle are susceptible to heat stress if they are unable to dissipate heat during times of elevated ambient temperatures. There are many factors that impact heat stress susceptibility in beef cattle throughout the different supply chain sectors, many of which relate to the production system, i.e. availability of shade, microclimate of environment, and nutrition management. The results from studies evaluating the effects of shade on production and welfare are difficult to compare due to variation in structural design, construction materials used, height, shape, and area of shade provided. Additionally, depending on operation location, shade may or may not be beneficial during all times of the year, which can influence the decision to make shade a permanent part of management systems. Shade has been shown to lessen the physiologic response of cattle to heat stress. Shaded cattle exhibit lower respiration rates, body temperatures, and panting scores compared to un-shaded cattle in weather that increases the risk of heat stress. Results from studies investigating the provision of shade indicate that cattle seek shade in hot weather. The impact of shade on behavioral patterns is inconsistent in the current body of research, some studies indicating shade provision impacts behavior and other studies reporting no difference between shaded and un-shaded groups. Analysis of performance and carcass characteristics across feedlot studies demonstrated that shaded cattle had increased ADG, improved feed efficiency, HCW, and dressing percentage when compared to cattle without shade. Despite the documented benefits of shade, current industry statistics, although severely limited in scope, indicate low shade implementation rates in feedlots and data in other supply chain sectors do not exist. Industry guidelines and third party on-farm certification programs articulate the critical need for protection from extreme weather but are not consistent in providing specific recommendations and requirements. Future efforts should include: updated economic analyses of cost versus benefit of shade implementation, exploration of producer perspectives and needs relative to shade, consideration of shade impacts in the cow-calf and slaughter plant segments of the supply chain, and integration of indicators of affective (mental) state and preference in research studies to enhance the holistic assessment of cattle welfare.

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