PSVI-17 Dissimilarities in thyroid profiles and pregnancy rates in dairy cows with different polymorphic variants of the DIO1 gene

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 230-230
Author(s):  
Olga V Aleynikova ◽  
Olga S Mityashova ◽  
Olga V Kostyunina ◽  
Nikolay V Bardukov ◽  
Irina Y Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Reverse T3 ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Thyroid Metabolism ◽  
Polymorphic Variants ◽  
Hormonal Levels

Abstract Thyroid hormones are implicated in regulation of the reproductive function in cattle. In turn, thyroid metabolism is determined by the activity of different types deiodinases. Our research was aimed to compare post-insemination thyroid profiles and pregnancy rates in dairy cows with different SNP genotypes in the deiodinase gene of the first type (DIO1). Thirty lactating Russian Black Pied cows were synchronized using the Ovsynch protocol and artificially inseminated (AI). Blood samples from the cows were collected on Days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 33 after AI. Hormonal levels in the serum were measured by ELISA. Pregnancy was confirmed by progesterone concentrations and ultrasonography. Genetic variants for the DIO1 gene were tested by RT-PCR and polymorphism at position 13149 (NC_037330) was found. The occurrence frequency of cows with genotypes CC, CG, and GG was 43.3, 33.3, and 23.3 %, respectively. A proportion of pregnant cows in the CC group was higher than in the CG group (84.6 vs. 40.0%, P < 0.05) and tended to be higher than in the GG group (42.9%). The concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) in the blood of CC animals did not change during the studied period, whereas that in CG animals decreased between Days 0 and 14 (from 1.60±0.21 to 1.10±0.22 nmol/L, P < 0.05). Concurrently, the T3 concentration on Day 0 was 1.4 times lower (P < 0.05) in the CC group than in the CG group. Furthermore, the level of reverse T3 on Day 7 in the GG group was 1.3 times higher (P < 0.05) than in the CC or CG groups. Thus, cows with DIO1 gene CC genotype have a higher reproductive ability than cows with CG or GG genotypes, which may be due to peculiarities of thyroid profiles during the first two weeks of pregnancy. The study was supported by Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education (0445-2021-0004).

scholarly journals Fighting Together against the Pandemic: Learning Multiple Models on Tomography Images for COVID-19 Diagnosis

AI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-273
Author(s):  
Mario Manzo ◽  
Simone Pellino
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ensemble Classification ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Neural Network Architecture ◽  
Experimental Phase ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Better Than

COVID-19 has been a great challenge for humanity since the year 2020. The whole world has made a huge effort to find an effective vaccine in order to save those not yet infected. The alternative solution is early diagnosis, carried out through real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests or thorax Computer Tomography (CT) scan images. Deep learning algorithms, specifically convolutional neural networks, represent a methodology for image analysis. They optimize the classification design task, which is essential for an automatic approach with different types of images, including medical. In this paper, we adopt a pretrained deep convolutional neural network architecture in order to diagnose COVID-19 disease from CT images. Our idea is inspired by what the whole of humanity is achieving, as the set of multiple contributions is better than any single one for the fight against the pandemic. First, we adapt, and subsequently retrain for our assumption, some neural architectures that have been adopted in other application domains. Secondly, we combine the knowledge extracted from images by the neural architectures in an ensemble classification context. Our experimental phase is performed on a CT image dataset, and the results obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed approach with respect to the state-of-the-art competitors.

scholarly journals Reproductive failure in mice lacking inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) – ITI target genes in mouse ovary identified by microarray analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Suzuki ◽  
Hiroshi Kobayashi ◽  
Yoshiko Tanaka ◽  
Naohiro Kanayama ◽  
Toshihiko Terao
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Retinoid Metabolism ◽  
Regulatory Effects

Bikunin, a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor, is found in blood and urine. It has been established by two laboratories independently that the bikunin knockout female mice display a severe reduction in fertility: the cumulus oophorus has a defect in forming the extracellular hyaluronan-rich matrix during expansion. Proteins of the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) family are eliminated in mice in which the bikunin gene has been inactivated, since bikunin is essential for their biosynthesis. Proteins of the ITI family may contribute to the microenvironment in which ovulation takes place. It is not clear, however, whether a single mechanism affects the reproductive function including ovulation. For identifying the full repertoire of the ITI deficiency-related genes, a cDNA microarray hybridization screening was conducted using mRNA from ovaries of wild-type or bik−/− female mice. A number of genes were identified and their regulation was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Our screen identified that 29 (0.7%) and 5 genes (0.1%) of the genes assayed were, respectively, up- and down-regulated twofold or more. The identified genes can be classified into distinct subsets. These include stress-related, apoptosis-related, proteases, signaling molecules, aging-related, cytokines, hyaluronan metabolism and signaling, reactive oxygen species-related, and retinoid metabolism, which have previously been implicated in enhancing follicle development and/or ovulation. Real-time RT-PCR analysis confirmed that these genes were up- and down-regulated two- to tenfold by bikunin knockout. These studies demonstrate that proteins of the ITI family may exert potent regulatory effects on a major physiological reproductive process, ovulation.

Chromosomal instability in different species of agricultural animals (review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
V. A. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Instability ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Chromosomal Disorders ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Karyotypic Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Almost All

The purpose of the work was to analyze the frequency of chromosomal instability in different species of agricultural animals in Western Siberia on the basis of literature data. The analysis of the literature on the topic of somatic chromosomal instability in agricultural animals has been carried out. Despite the stability of the chromosome set, deviations from it are quite common. It is noteworthy that chromosomal instability is characteristic of almost all individuals in the population and serves as an important indicator for assessing the natural mutability of chromosomes. It has been found if an aberration appeared in one tissue, it is very likely to occur in others. It has been noted that somatic chromosomal instability occurs in animals with reduced reproductive function, as well as those suffering from any pathology. For example, in calves with parakeratosis the increase in the frequency of chromatid and isochromatid breaks has been found. Analysis of the frequency of aberrations in sires, which differ in the level of perinatal mortality of offspring revealed the increased percentage of offspring mortality in fathers with the large number of chromosomal disorders. Therefore, low fertilization, spontaneous abortions and stillbirths may be indications for karyotypic analysis. It has been revealed that the lability of the karyotype is inherent in all animal species, regardless of the species, sex and age, as well as the morphofunctional state. The data on some types of somatic chromosomal instability in different types of farm animals in Western Siberia has been presented. Such indicators as the frequency of polyploidy, the number of cells with fragments of chromosomes, as well as single and paired fragments of chromosomes has been given. Different types of chromosomal instability varied depending on the animal species and climate zone. The presented data can be accepted as a physiological norm and used in veterinary medicine and animal science.

Estrous synchronization and fertility of cross-bred dairy cows using prostaglandin F2α and gonadotropin releasing hormone

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Abubakr O. Ismail ◽  
◽  
Erneo B. Ochi ◽  
Ambrose S. Jubara ◽  
Bakri Ahmed A/Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Estrous Synchronization ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

A comparative hormonal study of prostaglandin, gonadotropin releasing hormone and their combination was conducted on 30 randomly selected cross-bred dairy cows of SEMEX project for artificial insemination in Hillat Kuku, Khartoum North, Sudan. The study attempts to determine the response of the animals to hormonal induction and synchronization of estrous as well as fertility following fixed time artificial insemination. Three treatment groups of 10 cows each were undertaken. Groups 1, 2 and 3 involved administration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and a combination of PGF2α + GnRH, respectively. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. The results revealed that all the three protocols induced and synchronized estrous were almost synchronous in all the treated groups. However, protocol 3 revealed a significantly (p<0.05) better result of 70% pregnancy rate compared to other two protocols that equally provided 50% pregnancy rates. The study resolves that protocol 3 be highly recommended to change the mindset of farmers about the spread of reproductive technology in Sudan. Protocols 1 and 2 provided acceptable pregnancy rates that can be enhanced with the improvement of management.

scholarly journals Features of the histological structure of the placenta in women with recurrent miscarriage depending on polymorphic variants of the metalloproteinase and hemostasis systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-169
Author(s):  
T. N. Grinevich ◽  
S. A. Lyalikov ◽  
V. A. Basinsky ◽  
T. T. Shtabinskaya ◽  
C. M. Butolina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Intervillous Space ◽  
Reproductive Losses ◽  
Polymorphic Variants

The article is devoted to the analysis of the morphological characteristics of placental tissue in women with early reproductive losses with recurrent miscarriage, depending on the presence of polymorphic variants of metalloproteinases and hemostasis. It was established that in women with recurrent miscarriage, the area of the trophoblast of the placenta is significantly larger (р < 0.003), the area of the chorionic villi is smaller (р < 0.04) than in the group of women with implemented reproductive function. Thrombosis of the chorionic vessels, necrosis and calcinates in the placenta with PNF were detected in 80.0 % (р = 0.001), 93.3 % (р = 0.001), and 30.0 % (р = 0.049) of cases, respectively, which is significantly higher than in the comparison group. In patients with PNP with the T/T genotype of the 735 C/T polymorphism of the MMP-2 gene, the trophoblast area is significant (р < 0.05) more than with the C/C genotype, acute full-back (р = 0.02) and intervillous hemorrhage (р = 0.02). In women with the C/T genotype of the polymorphism 735 C/T of the MMP-2 gene, edema and dystrophic changes in the chorionic villi, placental necrosis are determined more often (р = 0.02) than with the C/C genotype. In carriers of the T allele of the polymorphism 735 C/T of the MMP-2 gene in the placenta, necrosis is significantly more common than in the CC genotype; the carriage of the T allele is also associated with large values of the relative area of the trophoblast and the stromal-intervillous relation, as well as with a smaller value of the ratio of the intervillous space area to the total area of the photograph.

scholarly journals The cost and management of different types of clinical mastitis in dairy cows estimated by dynamic programming

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 4476-4487 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cha ◽  
D. Bar ◽  
J.A. Hertl ◽  
L.W. Tauer ◽  
G. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Cost

Reproductive function in average and high yielding dairy cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria J. Taylor ◽  
Andrew J. Hattan ◽  
Emma C.L. Bleach ◽  
David E. Beever ◽  
D. Claire Wathes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Service Conception ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe resumption of reproductive activity in the early post partum period and the subsequent fertility of dairy cows are of considerable practical and economic importance to the producer. Regular milk progesterone analysis was used in this study to monitor the re-establishment of reproductive cyclicity in animals of average (AGM, n=20) and high genetic merit (HGM, n=28) kept under standard management conditions. The profiles obtained were then characterised into normal and four different types of abnormal activity. Resumption of cycles occurred significantly later in the higher yielding cows than in those of average genetic merit (23 ±2.3 days in HGM cows and 15 ± 1.6 days in AGM cows; P=0.0089). There was a significant increase in the amount of abnormal cycles encountered in the high genetic merit animals compared with average yielding animals (61% and 30% respectively; χ2 test, P=0.045); in particular, the delayed occurrence of ovulation post partum (11% vs 0%) and an increased incidence of persistent corpora lutea (32% vs 20%). For high genetic merit animals, the incidence of abnormal cycles was associated with increased peak milkyields (abnormal cycles: peak milk yield 54.7 ± 1.11 kg/day; normal cycles: peak milk yield 46.4 ± 1.35 kg/day, P=0.002). This relationship was not apparent in average genetic merit animals. First service conception rates were 50% (9/18) for AGM cows and 38% (10/26) for HGM cows (χ2 test, n.s.). The calving to conception interval was 98 ± 9.7 days for AGM animals (n=l7) and 105 ± 9.1 days for HGMs (n=24) (t-test, n.s.). In conclusion, this study confirms that high genetic merit dairy cows have compromised reproductive function in terms of a delayed resumption of cyclicity and an increased incidence of abnormal progesterone cycles, which was associated with higher peak milk yields. There was also a reduced first service conception rate in high yielders although the difference was not significant with this group size.

scholarly journals Reproductive Outcomes and Endocrine Profile in Artificially Inseminated versus Embryo Transferred Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Jordana S. Lopes ◽  
Estefanía Alcázar-Triviño ◽  
Cristina Soriano-Úbeda ◽  
Meriem Hamdi ◽  
Sebastian Cánovas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Safe Production ◽  
Endocrine Profile ◽  
Hormonal Levels

The increasing use of in vitro embryo production (IVP) followed by embryo transfer (ET), alongside with cryopreservation of embryos, has risen concerns regarding the possible altered pregnancy rates, calving or even neonatal mortality. One of the hypotheses for these alterations is the current culture conditions of the IVP. In an attempt to better mimic the physiological milieu, embryos were produced with female reproductive fluids (RF) as supplements to culture medium, and another group of embryos were supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as in vitro control. Embryos were cryopreserved and transferred while, in parallel, an in vivo control (artificial insemination, AI) with the same bull used for IVP was included. An overview on pregnancy rates, recipients’ hormonal levels, parturition, and resulting calves were recorded. Results show much similarity between groups in terms of pregnancy rates, gestation length and calves’ weight. Nonetheless, several differences on hormonal levels were noted between recipients carrying AI embryos especially when compared to BSA. Some calving issues and neonatal mortality were observed in both IVP groups. In conclusion, most of the parameters studied were similar between both types of IVP derived embryos and the in vivo-derived embryos, suggesting that the IVP technology used was efficient enough for the safe production of calves.

scholarly journals Detection of mRNA by Reverse Transcription-PCR as an Indicator of Viability in Escherichia coliCells

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1313-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. C. Sheridan ◽  
C. I. Masters ◽  
J. A. Shallcross ◽  
B. M. Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cellular Viability ◽  
Ethanol Treatment ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Mrna Targets ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The relationship between the detection of mRNA and cellular viability in Escherichia coli was investigated in cells killed by heat or ethanol. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) methods were developed for detecting mRNA from rpoH,groEL, and tufA genes. mRNA from all three genes was detected immediately after the cells had been killed by heat or ethanol but gradually disappeared with time when dead cells were held at room temperature. In heat-killed cells, some mRNA targets became undetectable after 2 to 16 h, whereas after ethanol treatment, mRNA was still detected after 16 h. In contrast, 16S rRNA was detected by RT-PCR in all samples containing dead cells and did not disappear during a subsequent incubation of 16 h at room temperature. Of the different types of nucleic acid, mRNA is the most promising candidate for an indicator of viability in bacteria, but its persistence in dead cells depends on the inactivating treatment and subsequent holding conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document