scholarly journals 99 Managing alfalfa-bermudagrass mixtures in the Southeastern U.S. to establish livestock grazing recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 35-35
Author(s):  
Kaylyn Groce ◽  
Jennifer J Tucker ◽  
Katie Mason ◽  
Landon Marks ◽  
Mary K Mullenix
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Harvest Frequency ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Recently there has been interest in interseeding high-quality legumes, like alfalfa, into existing bermudagrass stands as a step towards improving forage, animal, and ecosystem stability in the Southeast. Current work evaluating these mixtures has been focused on management and production of stored forages (i.e. dry hay/baleage), and limited work has evaluated the use of alfalfa-bermudagrass mixtures under grazing conditions. It has been noted that both grazing intensity and frequency impact overall stand production over time. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of harvest height and frequency of newly established alfalfa interseeded into an existing bermudagrass stand, and begin to develop grazing recommendations for management of these mixtures. In 2018, 36 alfalfa-bermudagrass plots were established at 4 locations across Alabama (Crossville, Shorter) and Georgia (Watkinsville, Tifton), using a randomized complete block design with four replications at each location. Alfalfa varieties were selected for suitability to location and were either ‘Bulldog 505’ or ‘Bulldog 805’ interseeded into existing hybrid bermudagrass sods. Treatments included combinations of harvest frequency (2, 4, or 6 wk) and harvest height (2, 4, 6 inches), and plots were evaluated for their influence on sward yield, persistence, stand density, botanical composition, nutritive value, and change over time. In Georgia, the ‘Bulldog 805’ treatment harvested every 6 weeks at 6 inches had the greatest yield on average (2,453 kg/ha), while ‘Bulldog 505’ treatment harvested every 2 weeks at 6 inches had the lowest yield on average (382 kg/ha) during the 2018 growing season. Additionally, botanical compositions showed that the 6 week, 4-inch had the greatest proportion of alfalfa throughout the growing season, while alfalfa proportions decreased across the growing season in the 2 week, 2-inch harvest treatment. This study is supported by funding from the USDANIFA-Alfalfa Forage Research Program (2017)

scholarly journals 28 Defining Grazing Recommendations for Alfalfa-Bermudagrass Mixtures in the Southeastern U.S

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 25-26
Author(s):  
Kaylyn Groce ◽  
Jennifer J Tucker ◽  
Katie Mason ◽  
Landon Marks ◽  
Mary K Mullenix
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Harvest Frequency ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Recently there has been growing interest in interseeding high-quality legumes, like alfalfa, into existing bermudagrass stands as a step towards improving forage, animal, and ecosystem sustainability in the Southeast. Current work evaluating these mixtures has focused on management and production of stored forages, and limited work has evaluated the use of alfalfa-bermudagrass mixtures under grazing conditions. It is known that both grazing intensity and frequency impact overall alfalfa stand production over time. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of harvest height and frequency on alfalfa interseeded into bermudagrass to develop grazing management recommendations. In 2018 thirty-six alfalfa-bermudagrass plots were established at 4 locations across Alabama and Georgia in a randomized complete block design with four replications at each location. Alfalfa varieties utilized were selected for suitability to location and were either ‘Bulldog 505’ or ‘Bulldog 805’ interseeded into existing hybrid bermudagrass sods. Treatments included combinations of harvest frequency (2, 4, or 6 weeks) and harvest height (5, 10, 15 cm) and plots were evaluated to determine the optimum interval in relation to sward yield, alfalfa persistence, stand density, botanical composition, nutritive value, and change over time. Forage yield was affected by the interaction of location with harvest frequency and height (P < 0.05). At three of the four locations, overall seasonal yield from the 5cm cutting height was greatest, however alfalfa persistence declined in these treatments throughout the season and was less than 10% at the northern locations when 2019 data collection began. Additionally, crude protein (CP) and in-vitro digestibility (IVDMD) declined throughout the season as the alfalfa presence decreased. This study is supported by funding from the USDA-NIFA-Alfalfa Forage Research Program (2017).

scholarly journals 27 Defining Grazing Recommendations for Alfalfa-Bermudagrass Mixtures in the Southeastern U.S

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 14-14
Author(s):  
Kaylyn Groce ◽  
Jennifer J Tucker ◽  
Katie Mason ◽  
Landon Marks ◽  
Mary K Mullenix
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Harvest Frequency ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Recently there has been growing interest in interseeding high-quality legumes, like alfalfa, into existing bermudagrass stands as a step towards improving forage, animal, and ecosystem sustainability in the Southeast. Current work evaluating these mixtures has focused on management and production of stored forages, and limited work has evaluated the use of alfalfa-bermudagrass mixtures under grazing conditions. It is known that both grazing intensity and frequency impact overall alfalfa stand production over time. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of harvest height and frequency on alfalfa interseeded into bermudagrass to develop grazing management recommendations. In 2018 thirty-six alfalfa-bermudagrass plots were established at 4 locations across Alabama and Georgia in a randomized complete block design with four replications at each location. Alfalfa varieties utilized were selected for suitability to location and were either ‘Bulldog 505’ or ‘Bulldog 805’ interseeded into existing hybrid bermudagrass sods. Treatments included combinations of harvest frequency (2, 4, or 6 weeks) and harvest height (5, 10, 15 cm) and plots were evaluated to determine the optimum interval in relation to sward yield, alfalfa persistence, stand density, botanical composition, nutritive value, and change over time. Forage yield was affected by the interaction of location with harvest frequency and height (P < 0.05). At three of the four locations, overall seasonal yield from the 5cm cutting height was greatest; however, alfalfa persistence declined in these treatments throughout the season and was less than 10% at the northern locations when 2019 data collection began. Additionally, crude protein (CP) and in-vitro digestibility (IVDMD) declined throughout the season as the alfalfa presence decreased. This study is supported by funding from the USDA-NIFA-Alfalfa Forage Research Program (2017).

scholarly journals Effect of selection methods on seed potato quality in the following season

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
N Gunadi ◽  
A Pronk ◽  
A A Kartasih ◽  
L Prabaningrum ◽  
T K Moekasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
West Java ◽  
Potato Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract Most potato farmers in Indonesia select the small tubers at harvest for planting in the following season, the so-called farmers’ practice (FP). This propagation method is cheap, but the small tubers may come from less healthy plants, which increases the build-up of diseases with accelerated yield decreases over the seasons. Alternatively, farmers may identify healthy plants within the growing season and select those for propagation, the so-called positive plant selection method (PPSM). An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of PPSM compared to FP on yields in the following season in the two main potato growing areas of West Java, i.e., Pangalengan and Garut. Generations G2 and G3 of cv. Granola and one generation of the imported cv. Atlantic were used. Selected seeds using PPSM and FP were planted in the second season in a randomized complete block design. Results show that yields of seeds selected through PPSM were significantly higher compared to seeds selected through FP, over both locations, on average, 7.4, 5.5 and 1.2 ton ha−1 for Granola G2 and G3, and the Atlantic, respectively. These yield increases represent an increase in the gross revenue of 30.8 to 51.8 million IDR ha−1 for Granola and 1.9 to 7.8 million IDR ha−1 for Atlantic at a farm gate price of 7,000 and 6,500 IDR kg−1, respectively. This study confirms that PPSM is superior to FP and improves the quality of the farms saved seeds.

scholarly journals Effect of stage of harvest on dry matter yield and nutritive value of lablab purpureus, Centrosema pubescens and as fodder in Adamawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
T. F. Mbahi ◽  
S. Maidadi ◽  
Z. A. Gworgwor ◽  
Y. Danladi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Biomass Yields

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of growth, biomas yieds and nutritive value of Lablab purpureus, Centrosema pubescens and Mucuna pruriens under rain fed condition in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The field experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design with the plot divided into three main plots and replicated three times measuring 5x5m with inter and intra row spacings of 0.5m. The five harvesting stages are 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 weeks, respectively. The growth in height increases with stage of growth and declined with reduction in rainfall. Higher growth were recorded in T3 (3.8 -354.8cm) followed by T2 (2.96-260.20cm) and then T1 (1.50-213.00cm) and the results were presented graphically. The result of the chemical composition of all the legumes showed that the crude protein decreases with stage of growth from weeks 6 -14 (14.40, 12.26, 10.65-10.08, 6.79, 6.49) and ADF and NDF (25.20, 32.15, 27.35-42.13, 40.33, 36.50 and 32.20, 54.45, 47.00- 51.24, 63.53, 66.33), respectively. The biomass yields were significantly different (P<0.05) for all the legumes at different harvesting stages T1 (2744.53-3186.93), T2 (2696.47- 3006.70) and T3 (2843.73-3147.63). It is therefore concluded that legumes could best be harvested between weeks 10 and 12 when the yield and quality are at levels to sustain the animals both for maintenance and production.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CANARANA ERECTA LISA (Echinocloa piramidalis Lam.) IN RESPONSE TO HARVEST INTERVALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria de Vasconcelos ◽  
Mauricio Cesio Araujo Dutra ◽  
Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira ◽  
Valdson José da Silva ◽  
Luís Alfredo Pinheiro Leal Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Harvest Intervals

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare and explain the variations in the production and nutritive value of canarana erecta lisa grass (Echinocloa pyramidalis Lam.) at different harvest intervals. The treatments corresponded to the cut intervals of 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, 55, 62, and 69 days. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each experimental unit had 6m2 (3m ×2m). The variables studied included forage production, canopy height, and nutritive value o harvested forage. Forage production varied from 11517 to 12324 kg ha-1; Plant heights from 48.8 to 234 cm; Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from 68.8% to 71.13%; Acid detergent fiber (ADF) from 36.20% to 44.15%; Crude protein (CP) from 11.43% to 5.85% and in “in vitro” dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) from 63.30% to 47.42%. These values indicated that the nutritive value of canarana erecta lisa was reduced at longer harvest intervals. It is recommended to harvest the grass at 35 days of regrowth favoring productivity, nutritive value and forage digestibility.

Agro-morphology and forage nutritive value of white prairie clover [Dalea candida(Michx.) Willd.] populations native to the Canadian prairies

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1234-1244
Author(s):  
Nityananda Khanal ◽  
Michael P. Schellenberg ◽  
Bill Biligetu
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Provincial Park

White prairie clover [Dalea candida (Michx.) Willd.] is native to the dry prairies and hillsides of the Northern Great Plains. A study was initiated in 2012 with six white prairie clover populations collected from the Canadian Prairies. Plant growth characteristics, forage biomass, seed yield, and forage nutritive values were evaluated using a randomized complete block design in a field near Swift Current, SK. Three populations from Argyle, Carlowrie, and Big Grass Marsh (NCP588) in Manitoba displayed erect-type growth while those from Douglas Provincial Park and Stewart Valley in Saskatchewan and Writing on Stone Provincial Park in Alberta exhibited prostrate growth. The populations did not differ for mean biomass yield (79–104 g plant−1, p = 0.54) and mean seed yield (6.6–9.1 g plant−1, p = 0.69); however, they differed for bloom stage nutritional parameters such as acid detergent fibre (25%–30%, p = 0.04), neutral detergent fibre (34%–41%, p < 0.01), crude proteins (15%–18%, p < 0.01), phosphorus (0.24%–0.29%, p = 0.02), and iron content (144–360 ppm, p = 0.01). To our knowledge, this is the first report of comparative phenotypic, nutritional, and propagation study of native white prairie clover populations of Canada. The constraints and opportunities for successful domestication of white prairie clover as a forage crop are discussed.

Effect of grazing intensity and cultivar on morphology, phenology, and nutritive value of subterranean clover II. Nutritive value during the growing season

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Ru ◽  
J. A. Fortune
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
Heavy Grazing

With the decline in pasture quality in southern Australia, the development of management strategies to improve nutrient supply for grazing animals is essential and requires a clear understanding of the interaction between animals and plants. The impact of grazing intensity on the morphology of subterranean clover was previously examined. This paper reports the effect of grazing intensity on the nutritive value of subterranean clover, and the variation in quality of cultivars during the growing season. Grazing intensity influenced nutritive value and interacted with cultivar maturity. Heavy grazing depressed dry matter digestibility (DMD) by 5 percentage units in October for early maturity cultivars but increased DMD by 3 percentage units in September for mid maturity cultivars. The influence of grazing intensity on nitrogen content was small. Heavy grazing did not affect acid detergent fibre for the early maturity group, but depressed it for the mid maturity group throughout the season. Acid detergent lignin remained comparable for all cultivars during the season. Mineral content of subterranean clover showed variable response to grazing treatments. Nutritive value varied among cultivars within each maturity group. DMD ranged over 53–64%, 44–62%, and 45–53% for early, mid, and late maturity groups, respectively, at the end of the growing season. The cultivar rank in all nutritional parameters changed with the progress of the season. The large ranges in the decline rate of DMD within each maturity group during the last 8 weeks of growth gave an indication of the potential quality of the cultivars during late spring and early summer. Despite the variation in mineral content there were no cultivars in which the concentration of minerals was below the minimum requirements of sheep. These results indicate that there is a potential for the selection of high quality cultivars within a breeding program, and that indicative targets of grazing intensity need to be further developed with a focus on pasture quality.

scholarly journals DESEMPENHO DE Lactuca sativa (ALFACE) DIANTE DO AUMENTO DA DENSIDADE DE CULTIVOS CONSORCIADOS EM HORTAS AGROFLORESTAIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 202033
Author(s):  
Aruana Vargas Couto ◽  
Arcângelo Loss ◽  
Giorgini Augusto Venturieri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Species Succession ◽  
De Se ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Regulation Services ◽  
Over Time

Lactuca sativa (ALFACE) PERFORMANCE DURING INCREASE IN THE DENSITY OF INTERCROPPED IN AGROFOREST GARDENSRENDIMIENTO DE Lactuca sativa (ALFACE) DURANTE EL AUMENTO DE LA DENSIDAD DE LOS CULTIVOS INTERCALADOS EN LOS JARDINES AGROFORESTALESRESUMOFoi realizado um experimento para verificar se a consorciação de um número crescente de cultivos olerícolas, escolhidos de acordo com a lógica da sucessão de espécies no espaço ao longo do tempo, afetaria a produção de matéria seca de Lactuca sativa (alface) em hortas agroflorestais. O delineamento experimental foi em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com um fator em três níveis, e quatro repetições. A eficiência dos consórcios foi estimada pela matéria seca de L. sativa. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento do número de espécies consorciadas e consequente densidade de plantio não influenciou o parâmetro avaliado. Isto evidencia uma vantagem cultural conferida pelos consórcios sucessionais testados, uma vez que foram conduzidos sem a aplicação de insumos sintéticos e tóxicos, além de se obter uma produção de alimentos de qualidade diferenciada dos convencionais e prestar serviços ecossistêmicos de regulação. Não houve perdas produtivas para L. sativa decorrentes do adensamento dos cultivos.Palavras-chave: Agrofloresta; Sucessão Ecológica; Agricultura Sintrópica.ABSTRACTAn experiment was carried out to verify if the intercropping of a growing number of vegetables, chosen according to the logic of species succession over time, would affect the production of dry matter of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) in agroforestry gardens. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with one factor at three levels and four replications. Consortium efficiency was estimated by L. sativa dry matter. The results showed that the increase of the number of intercropping species and consequent planting density did not influence the evaluated parameter. This evidences a cultural advantage conferred by the successional consortiums tested, since without the application of synthetic and toxic inputs, besides obtaining a production of quality differentiated of food conventional and providing ecosystem regulation services. There were no productive losses for L. sativa due to the densification of crops.Keywords: Agroforestry; Ecological Succession; Syntropic Agriculture.RESUMENSe llevó a cabo un experimento para verificar si el cultivo intercalado de un número creciente de verduras, elegidos de acuerdo con la lógica de sucesión de especies a lo largo del tiempo, afectaría la producción de materia seca de Lactuca sativa (lechuga) en jardines agroforestales. El diseño experimental fue un diseño de bloques completos al azar con un factor en tres niveles y cuatro repeticiones. La eficiencia del consorcio fue estimada por la materia seca de L. sativa. Los resultados mostraron que el aumento del número de especies intercaladas y la consiguiente densidad de siembra no influyeron en el parámetro evaluado. Esto evidencia una ventaja cultural conferida por los consorcios sucesionales probados, ya que se realizaron sin la aplicación de insumos sintéticos y tóxicos, además obtener producción de alimentos de calidad diferenciada de los convencionales y la prestación de servicios de regulación del ecosistema. No hubo pérdidas productivas para L. sativa debido a la densificación de los cultivos.Palabras clave: Agroforestería; Sucesión Ecológica; Agricultura sintrópica. 

PSXI-19 Impact of toxic-infected tall fescue renovation strategies on second-year hay yield, botanical composition, and nutritive value

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 344-345
Author(s):  
Charlotte L Talbott ◽  
Deidre D Harmon ◽  
Matt H Poore ◽  
Alan J Franluebbers ◽  
Carolyn A Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Second Year

Abstract Renovating toxic-infected tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) (TF) pastures to novel endophyte tall fescue (NE) is a solution to mitigate the negative associated effects of toxic fescue in beef cattle. However, beef cattle producers are uncertain of the payback period for costs associated with renovation techniques in terms of farm profitability and agronomic performance. In 2018, three renovation strategies were implemented in a randomized complete block design in Bahama, NC. Strategies included: 1) control (C), 2) renovation to NE after one season of a single specie cover crop (1-SM), 3) renovation to NE after three seasons of a single specie cover crop (3-SM), and 4) renovation to NE after three seasons of a multi-specie cover crop (3-CM). Each treatment plot (0.81 ha) was evaluated for botanical composition and hay was harvested in May and August of 2020. Round bales from each treatment were weighed to determine yield and core sampled to determine nutritive value. Data were analyzed using proc GLIMMIX of SAS v9.4. Combined forage yield was greater (P = 0.0226) for 3-CM (8,816 kg/ha) compared to 3-SM (7,191 kg/ha) and C (6,920 kg/ha), but did not differ from 1-SM (7,775 kg/ha). Crude protein concentration was greater (P = 0.035) for C (10.2%) in comparison to 3-SM (9.35%) in harvest 1, but was not different (P = 0.93) in harvest 2. Percentage of fescue in the sward was greatest (P = 0.0002) for 3-SM and least for C (84.9 and 62%, respectively). Similarly, presence of undesirable plants was greater (P &lt; 0.0001) for C (37.5%) than 1-SM, 3-CM and 3-SM (23.7, 15.2 and 12.7%, respectively). Percentage of bare ground did not differ among treatments (P = 0.31). Data suggest agronomic performance for 3-CM and 3-SM was improved compared to C in years following pasture renovation.

scholarly journals Weed Management Methods Influence Growth of `Navaho' Blackberries

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 844E-844
Author(s):  
Julia Whitworth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Over Time

In Sept.1993, `Navaho' blackberries were planted in raised beds in a converted bermudagrass hay meadow. Tall fescue was planted between the beds. There are three plants per plot and nine replications with 1.3 m between plants, 3 m between plots, and 5 m between rows. Each row is one replication. The plots are 3 m wide and 3.9 m long. Weed management treatments were applied in a randomized complete-block design, and included: alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cover crop, rye (Secale cereale) cover crop, herbicide (simazine and oryzalin) and hoeing, mowing volunteer vegetation, and hardwood sawdust mulch 8 to 10 cm deep. In Spring 1994 and 1995, data were taken on weed populations in each of the plots. In early 1995, the blackberry plants were measured. Data taken included cane number, cane length, and cane diameter. Early results indicate that the best blackberry plant growth occurred when rows were maintained with no mulch or vegetation by application of herbicides and hoeing. However, these plots sustained significant soil erosion, which may result in decreased plant productivity over time.

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