Agro-morphology and forage nutritive value of white prairie clover [Dalea candida(Michx.) Willd.] populations native to the Canadian prairies

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1234-1244
Author(s):  
Nityananda Khanal ◽  
Michael P. Schellenberg ◽  
Bill Biligetu
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Provincial Park

White prairie clover [Dalea candida (Michx.) Willd.] is native to the dry prairies and hillsides of the Northern Great Plains. A study was initiated in 2012 with six white prairie clover populations collected from the Canadian Prairies. Plant growth characteristics, forage biomass, seed yield, and forage nutritive values were evaluated using a randomized complete block design in a field near Swift Current, SK. Three populations from Argyle, Carlowrie, and Big Grass Marsh (NCP588) in Manitoba displayed erect-type growth while those from Douglas Provincial Park and Stewart Valley in Saskatchewan and Writing on Stone Provincial Park in Alberta exhibited prostrate growth. The populations did not differ for mean biomass yield (79–104 g plant−1, p = 0.54) and mean seed yield (6.6–9.1 g plant−1, p = 0.69); however, they differed for bloom stage nutritional parameters such as acid detergent fibre (25%–30%, p = 0.04), neutral detergent fibre (34%–41%, p < 0.01), crude proteins (15%–18%, p < 0.01), phosphorus (0.24%–0.29%, p = 0.02), and iron content (144–360 ppm, p = 0.01). To our knowledge, this is the first report of comparative phenotypic, nutritional, and propagation study of native white prairie clover populations of Canada. The constraints and opportunities for successful domestication of white prairie clover as a forage crop are discussed.

Dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) protein, starch, and ash concentrations as affected by cultivar and environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1188-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesuf Assen Mohammed ◽  
Chengci Chen ◽  
Maninder Kaur Walia ◽  
Jessica A. Torrion ◽  
Kent McVay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
End User ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Usa ◽  
To Receive

Dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important crop in the Northern Great Plains of the USA and Canada. Information on dry pea quality as affected by cultivars and environments is limited. This experiment determined the effects of dry pea cultivars and environments on protein, starch, and ash concentrations. Six dry pea cultivars (‘Arcadia’, ‘Bridger’, ‘CDC Striker’, ‘Cruiser’, ‘Montech 4152’, and ‘SW Midas’) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 22 environments. The results showed that cultivar × environment interaction effects were highly significant on protein, starch, and ash concentration (p < 0.0001). These interaction means, calculated on a dry matter basis, ranged from 145 to 278 g kg−1 seed for protein, 439 to 617 g kg−1 seed for starch, and 10.5 to 31.9 g kg−1 seed for ash. The differences among environmental means were substantial compared with cultivar means. When averaged over environments, ‘CDC Striker’, ‘Arcadia’, and ‘Montech 4152’ produced greater mean protein, starch, and ash concentrations, respectively, than the other cultivars. None of these cultivars simultaneously outperformed the others for protein, starch, and ash concentrations. This may indicate the need to develop cultivars with outstanding qualities across environments to receive satisfy premium end-user quality requirements.

scholarly journals Yield and nutrient composition of fertilized maize as fodder for ruminant production

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227
Author(s):  
O. A. Fasae ◽  
M. M. Abiola ◽  
T. O. Fabunmi ◽  
A. O. Yusuf ◽  
R. Y. Aderinboye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Maize plant generates a lot of underutilized leaves which if properly harnessed can be cheaper source of nutrients for cattle, sheep and goat production, thereby improving the challenges of dry season feed shortages. In the study, the fodder yield and the nutritive value of fertilized maize were investigated as feedstuff for ruminant production. Six treatments comprised of maize fertilized with cattle, sheep, swine and poultry manures, NPK and the control were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replicates in a fiel study in the early and late cropping seasons. Parameters on chemical composition, leaf and grain yield as well as plant height were determined. Results showed that crude protein content ranged from 10.08 ± 0.70 to 12.48 ± 0.82% with manure fertilized maize leaves having the highest (P < 0.05) values in both seasons. The neutral detergent and acid detergent fibre contents ranked the same statistically (P > 0.05) across fertilized maize with values ranging from 53.70 ± 0.81 to 59.90 ± 0.83% and 33.70 ± 0.60 to 37.32 ± 0.63%,respectively. Acid detergent lignin varied (P < 0.05) and ranged from 5.01 ± 0.25 to 8.82 ± 0.31% across treatments. Leaf yield and yield components were also higher in manure fertilized maize compared to maize fertilized with NPK and the control. Leaf yield ranged from 883.33 to 1113.24 kg DM/ha with maize fertilized with sheep manure having the highest values in the early season. It can be concluded that animal manures have excellent potential to increase fodder yield and nutrient composition of maize plants. 

Canola seed yield and phenological responses to plant density

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan Yantai ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
H. Randy Kutcher ◽  
Robert H. Gulden ◽  
Byron Irvine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities

Optimal plant density is required to improve plant phenological traits and maximize seed yield in field crops. In this study, we determined the effect of plant density on duration of flowering, post-flowering phase, and seed yield of canola in diverse environments. The field study was conducted at 16 site-years across the major canola growing area of western Canada from 2010 to 2012. The cultivar InVigor® 5440, a glufosinate-resistant hybrid, was grown at five plant densities (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 plants m−2) in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Canola seed yield had a linear relationship with plant density at 8 of the 16 site-years, a quadratic relationship at 4 site-years, and there was no correlation between the two variables in the remaining 4 site-years. At site-years with low to medium productivity, canola seed yield increased by 10.2 to 14.7 kg ha−1 for every additional plant per square metre. Averaged across the 16 diverse environments, canola plants spent an average of 22% of their life cycle flowering and another 27% of the time filling seed post-flowering. Canola seed yield had a negative association with duration of flowering and a positive association with the days post-flowering but was not associated with number of days to maturity. The post-flowering period was 12.7, 14.7, and 12.6 d (or 55, 68, and 58%) longer in high-yield experiments than in low-yield experiments in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. We conclude that optimization of plant density for canola seed yield varies with environment and that a longer post-flowering period is critical for increasing canola yield in western Canada.

Rearing the wheat stem sawfly on an artificial diet

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuilo B. Macedo ◽  
Paula A. Macedo ◽  
Robert K.D. Peterson ◽  
David K. Weaver ◽  
Wendell L. Morrill
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Harvest Efficiency

The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is an insect pest in dryland wheat cropping systems in the southern Canadian Prairies and the northern Great Plains of the United States (Morrill 1997). Yield losses caused by C. cinctus are due to reduced head weight (Holmes 1977; Morrill et al. 1992) and lodging, which decreases harvest efficiency. Estimates of yield losses in Montana alone are about US$25 million per year.

Physiological attributes of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) influenced by different sources of nutrients (NPK) in Madhupur tract region of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 736-748
Author(s):  
M. M. Hossain ◽  
◽  
S. Yesmin ◽  
M. Z. Islam ◽  
M. A. Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Different Sources

An experiment was conducted at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University farm from April to June 2017 in Kharif season to evaluate the performance of two mungbean varieties under different NPK fertilizers doses in field conditions. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), comprising six treatments with three replications. In the experiment, varieties used were BARI mung-6 and BARI mung-5 and the combination of the treatment were T0 = (control), T1 (10-40-25 NPK kg ha-1), T2 (10-60-45 NPK kg ha-1), T3 (20-50-35 NPK kg ha-1), T4 (30-40-25 NPK kg ha-1) and T5 (30-40-45 NPK kg ha-1), respectively. Mungbean cultivars responded noticeably to the supplementary NPK fertilizers as the crop characters were significantly influenced by different levels of NPK fertilizers. Data were recorded on plant height, leaves plant-1, branches plant-1, pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, 1000-seed weight, seed, and straw yield at different days after sowing. Of the two varieties, BARI mung-6 gave the highest seed yield (1.72 t ha-1) next to the higher plant growth and straw yield On the contrary, BARI mung-5 cultivar produced the lowest seed yield (1.57t ha-1), plant growth, and straw yield. The results showed that T3 (20-50-35 NPK kg ha-1) treatment was the best treatment as regards plant growth and yield parameters. The highest seed yield was produced by treated plot T3 (20-50-35 NPK kg ha-1) over the untreated control plot, T1, T2, T4, and T5, respectively. As for the combined effect, V1T3 (BARI mung-6 and T3 = 20kg N + 50kg P + 35kg K ha-1) performed the best results in all growth and development characters. Therefore, the combined application of 20-50-35 kg NPK ha-1 might be considered to be found optimal to get a considerable seed yield of mungbean variety BARI mung-6.

scholarly journals Plant spacing and pollen quantity on yield and quality of squash seeds

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio S. de Lima ◽  
Antonio I. I. Cardoso ◽  
Marcelo F. Verdial
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Pollen Quantity

Squash seeds yield and quality can be improved by proper population plant spacing and the pollen quantity, which influences the pollination quality and fertilization. Nine experiments were conducted as a factorial combination of three spacing between plants (0.8 x 0.3, 0.8 x 0.6 and 0.8 x 0.9 m), two quantities of pollen (50% of an anther and another entire one) and natural insect pollination. Seed and fruit production parameters, and seed quality were evaluated. A randomized complete block design, five replications, with ten plants per plot was adopted. Larger plant spacing increased the average number of mature fruits and seed yield per plant. Seed yield was directly proportional to the amount of pollen used during pollination. Higher amounts of pollen resulted in higher seed yield per area, but the plant spacing did not affect this characteristic. Manual pollination, using a whole anther, did not differ from natural pollination in relation to seed yield and quality.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Fruit Positions on Fruit and Seed Yields of Okro (Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Moench)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Y. Zubairu ◽  
J. A. Oladiran ◽  
O. A. Osunde ◽  
U. Ismaila
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
N Level ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Seed Yields

Study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons at the experimental field of Federal University of Technology, Minna (9o 401N and 6o 301E), in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria to determine the effects of N fertilizer and the fruit positions on fruit and seed yield of okro. The treatment comprised factorial combination of five nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha) and five fruit positions on a mother-plant (3, 5, 7, 9 and 10) which were replicated three times and laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results indicated that significant taller plants were recorded in the plots that received 120 kg N/ha while shorter plants were recorded in plots that received 0 N/ha in both years of the study. The higher N level of 120 kg/ha and lower fruit position of 3 significantly gave higher number of fruit yield while the yield decreased with decrease in N level and increase in fruit position on the mother-plant. Similarly, heavier fruits were recorded in lower fruit positions and higher N levels. The fruits formed at the lower position 3 and 5 produced more seeds with higher seed weight than those formed at the higher positions. The results also showed that significantly higher seed yield was recorded at N level of 120 kg/ha ?.

scholarly journals Effect of Iron on Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.) in Drought Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
K. Rafsanjani ◽  
A. Madani ◽  
F. Vazin
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Abstract In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, iron spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2013 on research Farm in Faizabad of Iran, as a split plot within randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots with irrigation factor and four levels were considered: level A) 50 ml evaporation from pan evaporation; level B) 100 ml evaporation from pan evaporation; level C) 150 ml evaporation from pan evaporation and level D) 200 ml evaporation from pan evaporation. Sub plots were considered with iron spray in three levels, included level A) 80 g/ha, level B) 130 g/ha and level C) 180 g/ha. The drought stress reduced seed yield, the 1000-kernels weight (TKW), the number of seeds per ear, the number of seeds per row in ear, the number of rows per ear about 39%, 6%, 31%, 14% and 27% less than control treatment, respectively. Using iron, as compared with control treatment, causes the increase of 1000-kernels weight from 295 to 311 g and the increase of seed yield from 5188 to 7078. The results obtained from the present research showed that iron spray has fairly improved the effects caused by drought stress.

scholarly journals Assessing the Response of Sesame to Inorganic and Organic Nutrient Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Paul Anguria ◽  
George N. Chemining’wa ◽  
Richard N. Onwonga ◽  
Michael A. Ugen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Sesame (Sesamum indicum. L) is one of the main sources of livelihoods in northern Uganda. However, its production is constrained by low soil fertility and moisture levels. A study was conducted at Serere, Uganda in 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effect of organo-mineral fertilizers on growth, seed yield and nutritional quality of sesame. The design of the experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments comprised: control (no soil amendment), mixtures of 4 crop residues each at (3 and 6 t/ha) and two rates of N, P and K. Finger millet husks (3 t/ha) plus lower fertilizer rate (30 kg N-25 kg P-40 Kg K/ha) had significantly higher seed yield of sesame; while finger millet husks (6 t/ha) plus higher fertilizer rate (60 kg N-50 kg P-80 Kg K/ha) significantly increased vegetative growth of sesame. Finger millet husks (6 t/ha) plus lower fertilizer rate had significantly higher seed crude protein content of sesame; while cowpea husks (3 t/ha) plus higher fertilizer rate and groundnut shells (3 t/ha) plus lower fertilizer rate produced significantly higher seed total ash and seed oil content of sesame, respectively. This study has demonstrated that application of a mixture of crop residues and inorganic fertilizers is the best treatment in enhancing growth, seed yield and nutritional seed quality of sesame.

scholarly journals Effect of stage of harvest on dry matter yield and nutritive value of lablab purpureus, Centrosema pubescens and as fodder in Adamawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
T. F. Mbahi ◽  
S. Maidadi ◽  
Z. A. Gworgwor ◽  
Y. Danladi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Biomass Yields

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of growth, biomas yieds and nutritive value of Lablab purpureus, Centrosema pubescens and Mucuna pruriens under rain fed condition in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The field experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design with the plot divided into three main plots and replicated three times measuring 5x5m with inter and intra row spacings of 0.5m. The five harvesting stages are 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 weeks, respectively. The growth in height increases with stage of growth and declined with reduction in rainfall. Higher growth were recorded in T3 (3.8 -354.8cm) followed by T2 (2.96-260.20cm) and then T1 (1.50-213.00cm) and the results were presented graphically. The result of the chemical composition of all the legumes showed that the crude protein decreases with stage of growth from weeks 6 -14 (14.40, 12.26, 10.65-10.08, 6.79, 6.49) and ADF and NDF (25.20, 32.15, 27.35-42.13, 40.33, 36.50 and 32.20, 54.45, 47.00- 51.24, 63.53, 66.33), respectively. The biomass yields were significantly different (P<0.05) for all the legumes at different harvesting stages T1 (2744.53-3186.93), T2 (2696.47- 3006.70) and T3 (2843.73-3147.63). It is therefore concluded that legumes could best be harvested between weeks 10 and 12 when the yield and quality are at levels to sustain the animals both for maintenance and production.

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