scholarly journals Effects of a recombinant fibrolytic enzyme on fiber digestion, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance, and total tract digestibility of heifers fed a high forage diet1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 3578-3587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Ran ◽  
Atef M Saleem ◽  
Yizhao Shen ◽  
Gabriel O Ribeiro ◽  
Karen A Beauchemin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Endoglucanase Activity ◽  
Fiber Digestion ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Barley Silage

Abstract A metabolism study was conducted using 8 ruminal cannulated beef heifers to investigate the effects of a recombinant fibrolytic enzyme (RFE; xylanase XYL10C) selected specifically for forage-fed ruminants on ruminal pH, fermentation, nitrogen balance, and total tract digestibility of heifers. The experiment was a cross-over design with 2 treatments and 2 periods. The 2 treatments were a basal diet containing 60% barley silage, 30% barley straw, and 10% supplement (DM basis) without (control) or with RFE. The enzyme was sprayed onto the barley straw at a rate of 6.6 × 104 IU·kg−1 DM 24 h before feeding. Each period comprised 2 wk of diet adaptation and 1 wk of sampling and data collection. Feed intake and total tract digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, and ADF were unaffected by RFE. Ruminal pH including mean, minimum, maximum, and duration pH <5.8, did not differ between treatments. Total VFA concentration, molar proportion of individual VFA, and acetate-to-propionate ratio were also not affected by RFE. However, ruminal NH3-N concentration (P < 0.06) and endoglucanase activity (P < 0.08) in ruminal fluid tended to be higher with RFE. Nitrogen utilization and microbial protein synthesis were not affected by treatment. These results indicate that XYL10C did not improve fiber digestion in heifers fed a high forage diet, despite the fact that it was specifically selected for this trait in laboratory assays. However, the increased ruminal NH3-N concentration suggests it potentially increased ruminal proteolytic activity.

scholarly journals PSXII-23 Effects of a recombinant fibrolytic enzyme on fiber digestion, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance and total tract digestibility of heifers fed a high forage diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 419-420
Author(s):  
Tao Ran ◽  
Atef Saleem ◽  
YiZhao Shen ◽  
Gabriel Ribeiro ◽  
Adrian Tsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Endoglucanase Activity ◽  
Fiber Digestion ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
High Forage

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a recombinant fibrolytic enzyme (RFE; xylanase XYL10C) on ruminal pH and fermentation characteristics, total tract digestibility and nitrogen balance in beef heifers. The experiment was a cross-over design with two treatments and two periods, using eight ruminal cannulated beef heifers. The treatments were a basal diet containing 60% barley silage, 30% barley straw and 10% supplement (DM basis) without (control) or with RFE. The RFE XYL10C was selected specifically for ruminants using a high throughput in vitro micro assay and was sprayed onto the barley straw at a rate of 6.6 × 104 IU/kg DM 24 h before feeding. The diet was prepared daily using a data ranger. Each period was 21 d, with a 14-d adaptation and 7-d sample collection period. The digestibility and nitrogen balance were measured by total fecal and urine collection. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS with fixed effects of treatment, and random effects of period and heifer. Feed intake (8.9 kg/d) and total tract digestibility of DM (65.5%), NDF (57.2%) and ADF (51.2%) were not affected by RFE. Ruminal pH including mean (6.52), minimum (5.79), maximum (7.05), and duration of pH &lt; 5.8 (0.64, h/d) did not differ between treatments. No treatment effects were observed for total VFA concentration (106 mM), molar proportion of acetate (68.2%) and propionate (17.5%) and acetate to propionate ratio (3.94). However, adding RFE vs. control tended (P &lt; 0.08) to increase ruminal NH3-N concentration (5.75 vs. 5.23 mM) and endoglucanase activity (44.3 vs. 40.7 µmol glucose/min/mL wet rumen contents). There were no differences in nitrogen utilization and rumen microbial protein synthesis (90.7 g/d) between treatments. The results indicate that RFE XYL10C did not improve fiber digestion in heifers fed a high forage diet.

scholarly journals Methane production, digestion, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance, and milk production of cows fed corn silage- or barley silage-based diets

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 961-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Benchaar ◽  
F. Hassanat ◽  
R. Gervais ◽  
P.Y. Chouinard ◽  
H.V. Petit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Barley Silage

scholarly journals Effects of Soybean and Rice Bran Oil Supplementation on Nutrient Utilization, Lactation Performance, Milk Fatty Acid Profile and Ruminal Fermentation in Surti Goats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Prahladbhai Raval ◽  
Vipul R Patel ◽  
Lalitchandra M Sorathiya ◽  
Jignesh K Movalia
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Lactation Performance

Abstract A study was conducted to observe the effect of soybean and rice bran oil supplementation onnutrient utilization, lactation performance and ruminal fermentation in Surti goats. Twentyfour multiparous lactating Surti does were distributed into four homogenous groups for entirelactation of 150 days. Control group (CON) was offered a basal diet consisting of compoundconcentrate mixture, green jowar and pigeon pea straws without any oil supplementation,while other treatment groups were additionally supplemented with soybean oil @ 3% of DMI(SBO), rice bran oil @ 3% of DMI (RBO) and equi-propotional blend of soybean oil and ricebran oil @ 3.0 % of DMI (SRBO). DM, CP, NDF and ADF intake (g/d) and digestibility (%)remained statistically (p>0.05) similar amongst dietary treatments groups. EE intake (g/d)and digestibility (%) was significantly (p<0.01) improved in all three oils supplementedgroups as compared to control but values between oils supplemented groups remained at par(p>0.05). Nitrogen balance of experimental groups remained unaffected (p>0.05) and all theanimals were under positive nitrogen balance. Milk yield (kg/d), milk fat, SNF, protein,lactose, FCM and ECM yields (g/d) were significantly (p<0.05) increased in oilssupplemented groups as compared to control. Feed efficiency in terms of MY/DMI andFCM/DMI significantly (p<0.05) improved in SBO, RBO and SRBO as compared to CON.Soybean and rice bran oil supplementation either alone or in combination significantlyreduced (p<0.05) SCFA, MCFA, SFA with increased LCFA and PUFA in milk. However,values between oils supplemented groups remained at par (p>0.05). Oil supplementationincreased (p<0.001) oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) and linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6) in SBO, RBO andSRBO as compared to CON while, linolenic acid (C18:3 n-9) remained non significantamongst treatments. Lipid quality indices (LQI) like atherogenicity index, thrombogenicityindex and hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic (h/H) index were significantlyimproved in all the oils supplemented groups as compared to control. Rumen pH, totalnitrogen and its fractions (ammonia N, TCA precipitable N and soluble N) remained similar(p>0.05) amongst treatment except TVFA. Thus, supplementation of soybean oil and ricebran oil either alone or in combination in lactating goat can be effectively used to improveboth nutritional quantity and quality of milk.

scholarly journals EXTRATO DE MAMONA COMO MANIPULADOR DA FERMENTAÇÃO RUMINAL

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Pâmella Moraes Franco ◽  
Márcia Rodrigues Carvalho Oliveira ◽  
Joao Rafael de Assis ◽  
Jurandy Gouveira Junior ◽  
Rodrigo Nazare Santos Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Dietary Condition ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
High Forage

Objetivou-se investigar os efeitos da adição do extrato de farelo de mamona (EFM) sobre o perfil da fermentação ruminal in vitro em dietas com alto e baixo teor de forragem. Utilizou-se ensaio de incubação ruminal in vitro com dois controles, um negativo (sem aditivo) e um positivo (monensina sódica) e EFM liofilizado (20, 40 e 60 mg/frasco). Em condições de alto teor de forragem na dieta, a adição do EFM aumentou o pH do meio e a concentração de acetato, reduziu a produção de gás, mas não afetou a produção de gás por unidade de matéria seca (MS) digerida em relação ao tratamento controle. Em comparação com monensina sódica, o EFM reduziu as concentrações de propionato e amônia e aumentou a produção de gás por unidade de MS digerida. Em condições de baixo teor de forragem, a adição do EFM reduziu o pH e potencial redox do meio em relação ao tratamento controle. Em comparação com a monensina sódica, o EFM reduziu o pH do meio e a produção total de gás, mas não afetou a produção de gás por unidade de MS digerida. O extrato de farelo de mamona destoxificado não apresenta potencial como manipulador da fermentação ruminal.Palavras-chave: amônia; digestibilidade; eficiência; metano. CASTOR BEAN EXTRACT AS A MANIPULATOR OF RUMINAL FERMENTATION ABSTRACT: Effects of the castorbean meal extract (CME) on ruminal in vitro were investigate in high and low forage diet conditions. For each dietary condition, one in vitro ruminal incubation experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with nine repetitions per treatment (three animal inoculum donators and three 48 hors-incubations). In high forage diet, CME increased ruminal pH acetate concentration, reduced gas production, but it did not affect the gas production per unit of digested dry matter (DM), in relation to control treatment. Compare to monensin sodium, CME reduced propionate and ammonia concentrations and increased gas production per unit of digested DM, indicating that CME reduces ruminal energetic efficiency. In low forage diet, CME reduced pH and redox potential compare to control. Compare to monensin sodium, CME reduced pH and gas production, but it did not affect gas production per unit of digested DM. Castorbean meal extract does not present potential as manipulator of the ruminal fermentation.Keywords: ammonia; digestibility; efficiency; methane.

scholarly journals Effects of essential oils of Cashew and Castor on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and purine derivatives in beef cattle fed high grain diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 2057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Marcantonio Coneglian ◽  
Roman David Castañeda Serrano ◽  
Olga Teresa Barreto Cruz ◽  
Antonio Ferriani Branco
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Ruminal Ph

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of essential oils of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) and Ricinus communis (Castor) on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and excretion of purine derivatives in beef cattle fed high grain diets. Five Nellore steers fitted with ruminal cannula were used in a 5x5 Latin square design (21 days period). The treatments were control MON (0.2 g monensin animal day-1¬) and 1, 2, 4 and 8 g EO animal day-1 (Essential oils - Oligobasics®). All the animals had a basal diet, corn silage-based total mixed ration (TMR) of 80:20 concentrate:forage ratio. Intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and excretion of purine derivatives were determined over five consecutive days in each period. Intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and crude protein (CP) were not influenced by treatments (P > 0.05). However, increasing levels of EO showed a quadratic effect (P < 0.014) above 2 g animal day-1 on the ruminal pH. The excretion of allantoin and uric acid were not influenced by the treatments (P > 0.05), but levels above 2 g day decreased the synthesis of microbial proteins (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the EO of A. occidentale and R. comunnis effectively controlled ruminal fermentation as well as sodium monensin at the studied levels. EOs have the potential to be used in place of monensin in the studied levels.

Whole corn grain-based diet and levels of physically effective neutral detergent fiber from forage (pefNDF) for feedlot lambs: digestibility, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance and ruminal pH

2021 ◽  
pp. 106567
Author(s):  
Matheus Sousa de Paula Carlis ◽  
Thamires Ubices Sturion ◽  
Adrielly Lais Alves da Silva ◽  
Nathalia Rubio Eckermann ◽  
Daniel Montanher Polizel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Corn Grain

scholarly journals Effects of High-Forage Diets Containing Raw Flaxseeds or Soybean on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Gas Emission, and Microbial Profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2304
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ge Sun ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Tian Xie ◽  
Zhan-Tao Yang ◽  
Ji-Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Forage Diets

Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the energy economy of ruminants. However, its interactions of fat, rumen fermentation, gas emission, and microorganisms are not yet clear. This study evaluated the effect of adding raw oilseeds to high-forage diets on in vitro ruminal fermentation, gas composition, and microbial profile. Three isoenergetic and isoproteic experimental diets were designed and used as fermentation substrate: control treatment (CON group) was the basal diet lacking oilseeds, the other two treatments were the basal diet supplemented by 100 g/kg dry matter (DM) raw whole soybean (S group) and 50 g/kg DM raw flaxseed (F group), respectively. Data showed that the acetate, butyrate, and total VFA concentration of culture fluids in the S group were lower (p < 0.05) than in the F group. There was a tendency to a higher level (p = 0.094) of propionate concentration in the F group compared with the other two groups. The gas production in the F group was higher (p < 0.05) than in the control group. There was a lower abundance of Sutterella (p < 0.05) and a greater abundance of Butyrivibrio (p < 0.05) in both of the two oilseed treatments. Methanobrevibacter (p = 0.078) in the F group was the lowest. Our results suggested that CH4 emission could be inhibited with flaxseed supplementation by propionate production metabolism, biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid (FA), and toxicity to Methanobrevibacter, while regarding soybean seed supplementation, the emission of CH4 was more likely to be reduced through biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA modulated by Butyrivibrio.

Effect of variety and level of inclusion of barley silage selected for varying neutral detergent fiber digestibility on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility in feedlot heifers fed backgrounding and finishing diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-282
Author(s):  
Jayakrishnan Nair ◽  
David Christensen ◽  
Peiqiang Yu ◽  
Aaron D. Beattie ◽  
Tim McAllister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Tract Fiber

Two metabolism studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of variety and level of inclusion of barley silage on ruminal fermentation and total tract nutrient digestibility using beef heifers fed backgrounding (Study 1) and finishing (Study 2) diets. Both studies were 4 × 4 Latin square designs with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (barley varieties, CDC Cowboy and Xena; levels of inclusion, LOW and HIGH). Barley varieties did not vary in 30 h neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility and averaged 37.1% ± 1.86% (% of NDF) across varieties. Heifers fed CDC Cowboy had greater (P = 0.05) mean ruminal pH and a lower (P = 0.01) duration under pH 5.8 relative to those fed Xena in Study 1, whereas heifers fed HIGH-silage diets had lower (P = 0.05) duration under ruminal pH 5.8 than those fed LOW-silage diets in Study 2. Variety of barley had minimal impact on ruminal fermentation and total tract nutrient digestibility in heifers fed barley silage, although high NDF content decreased energy intake. High NDF barley varieties and greater inclusion levels also increased ruminal pH which may improve total tract fiber digestibility in heifers fed finishing diets.

scholarly journals PSVIII-27 Interactions between the stage of maturity of Eragrostis tef hay and supplemental energy source on forage utilization in beef heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 325-325
Author(s):  
Allison Stevens ◽  
Cheyanne Myers ◽  
John B Hall ◽  
Gwinyai E Chibisa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Forage Utilization ◽  
Energy Supplements ◽  
Microbial N

Abstract This study evaluated the interaction between the stage of maturity of Eragrostis tef (teff) grass and supplemental energy source on ruminal fermentation characteristics and nitrogen (N) utilization. Six ruminally-fistulated beef heifers were used in a 3 × 3 split-plot design (21 d periods). The whole plot factor was stage of maturity of teff hay [early- (EH) or late-heading (LH)], and the subplot factor was supplemental energy source [no supplement (CON), rolled corn grain or beet pulp pellet (BP)] fed at 0.5% of body weight. Feed intake was measured daily. Indwelling pH loggers were used to measure ruminal pH (d 14 to 21) and ruminal fluid was collected from d 19 to 21 to determine fermentation characteristics, as were feces and urine to measure N excretion. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. There was no stage of maturity × supplement interaction for all measurements (P ≥ 0.17). Although dry matter intake (DMI) tended to be greater (P = 0.07) for heifers fed EH than LH hay, it did not differ (P = 0.88) across supplements. Ruminal acetate concentration tended (P = 0.098) to be greater for EH than LH heifers, whereas butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.045) for BPP than CON heifers. However, the duration and area pH &lt; 6.2 and 5.8 did not differ (P &gt; 0.12) across treatments. Except for microbial N flow, which was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for EH than LH heifers, there was no stage of maturity or supplement effect (P ≥ 0.14) on measures of N utilization. In summary, feeding teff hay harvested at the EH than LH stage of maturity increased DMI and microbial N supply, whereas feeding corn and BP as energy supplements to beef heifers had no effect on ruminal pH.

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