scholarly journals PSVI-26 Cytological picture of the lymphoid tissue in the inguinal node with calval leptospirose

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 209-210
Author(s):  
Kirill Plemyashov ◽  
Suleyman Suleymanov ◽  
Konstantin Lobodin ◽  
Olga Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Inguinal Lymph Node ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Reticular Cell ◽  
Study Material ◽  
Cytological Picture ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Neutral Formalin

Abstract In this regard, the cytological picture of the lymphoid tissue in calves’ inguinal lymph node with spontaneous leptospirosis was studied. The study material was taken from the inguinal lymph node of the 11 calves who died of leptospirosis during the enzootic period in Azerbaijan. The study material samples were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution, followed by pouring in paraffin, coloring azur sections with 2-eosin and counting 13 cell types (lymphoblast, prolymphocyte, lymphocyte, free reticular cell, process sinus reticular cell, endothelium, fibroblast, histiocyte, macrophage, polyblast, plasmablast, protoplasmocyte, plasmacyte) using MOV-15. It was established that the number of lymphoblasts in the inguinal lymph node with subacute leptospirosis decreased 2.2 times, the number of prolymphocytes decreased 1.4 times, the number of lymphocytes decreased 4.4 times. The number of free reticular cells from the cells of the reticuloendothelium decreased 3.7 times. However, the number of grown sinus reticular cells and the endothelium of the sinuses fluctuated within the normal range. The number of fibroblasts increased 1.7 times, histiocytes - 6.6 times, macrophages - 11.8 times, and polyblasts - 11 times (Table 1). At the same time, there was a sharp increase in the number of cells in the plasma row. Of those, the number of plasmablasts increased 8.5 times, protoplasmocytes - 30.4 times, plasma cells - 17 times. Overall, the cytological picture in the inguinal lymph node during spontaneous leptospirosis in calves was characterized by an increase in the number of plasma cells, fibroblasts, histiocytes, macrophages, polyblasts and a decrease in the number of lymphoblasts, prolymphocytes, lymphocytes and free reticular cells.

scholarly journals Rates of Proliferation and Interrelationships of Cells in the Mesenteric Lymph Node of the Rat

Blood ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM O. RIEKE ◽  
RUTH W. CAFFREY ◽  
N. B. EVERETT
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Node ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Proliferating Cell

Abstract Single and multiple injections of tritiated thymidine were combined with radioautography to study the rates of proliferation and interrelationships of the various cell lines in the mesenteric lymph node of the rat. The appearance and labeling patterns of the different cells are described from studies of both smears and tissue sections. Reticular cells exhibit wide variations in labeling intensity, phagocytize labeled lymphocytes, and become labeled in high percentages only when TTH is administered over a period of many days. Other slowly proliferating cell types include small lymphocytes, fat cells, endothelial cells and mast cells. Rapidly proliferating cell lines include plasmablasts, hemohistioblasts, proplasmacytes and large lymphocytes. The generation time of plasmablasts and hemohistioblasts was determined to be approximately 9 and 12 hours respectively. Mature plasma cells constitute a non-dividing population which is renewed in lymph node in not more than 5 days. Evidence is presented that the most primitive cells in the lymphocyte and plasma cell lines are the hemohistioblasts and plasmablasts respectively. Reticular cells most probably are not stem cells. No evidence is found to support previous reports that plasma cells derive from lymphocytes.

scholarly journals Normal Human Lymph Node Cells: An Electron Microscopic Study

Blood ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT E. BROOKS ◽  
BENJAMIN V. SIEGEL
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lymph Node Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Human Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Characteristic Features

Abstract Lymph nodes, from 15 patients undergoing surgery for conditions not related to lymphoid tissue disease, have been examined with the electron microscope. The human lymph node cell types—including lymphocytic, reticular and plasma cells—have been described at low and medium electron microscopic magnifications, and the criteria for their identification are discussed. The characteristic features outlined for identification of these cell types provide a basis for comparison with pathologically altered lymph node cells.

scholarly journals AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF LYMPHATIC TISSUE IN RUNT DISEASE

1965 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Weiss ◽  
Alan C. Aisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Splenic Cells ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Myelin Figure ◽  
Rats And Mice

The thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes were studied in runt disease induced by a graft of intravenously injected homologous splenic cells into newborn rats and mice. Adult Long-Evans cells (70 x 106) were injected into Sprague-Dawley rats. Adult DBA cells (7 x 106) were injected into C57BL/6 mice. Runted rats were sacrificed at 14 to 28 days of age; mice at 10 to 20 days. The thymic cortex is depleted of small lymphocytes. Those remaining are severely damaged and phagocytized. Evidence of damage includes swelling of mitochondria, myelin figure formation, margination of chromatin, and sharp angulation in nuclear contour. Large numbers of macrophages are present. Epithelial-reticular cells which envelop small cortical blood vessels are often retracted, with the result that the most peripheral layer in the thymic-blood barrier suffers abnormally large gaps. Lymphocytes of the periarterial lymphatic sheaths of spleen and of the cortex of lymph nodes are reduced in number and damaged. Vast numbers of plasma cells and many lymphocytes are evident throughout lymph nodes, in the periarterial lymphatic sheaths, and in the marginal zone and red pulp of the spleen. Plasma cells are of different sizes, the larger having dilated sacs of endoplasmic reticulum. Lymphocytes are small to medium in size. They contain, in varying quantity, ribosomes and smooth membrane-bounded cytoplasmic vesicles approximately 350 to 500 A in diameter. Most plasma cells and lymphocytes are damaged and many of these are phagocytized. Many lymphocytes in lymph nodes, however, show no evidence of damage. Reticular cells and other fixed cells of the connective tissues seldom appear affected. Thus, the major cell types reacting in runt disease are lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes or macrophages. It appears, therefore, that both the delayed and immediate types of sensitivity play a part in this disease.

scholarly journals Fibroblastic reticular cell response to dendritic cells requires coordinated activity of podoplanin, CD44 and CD9

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M de Winde ◽  
Spyridon Makris ◽  
Lindsey Millward ◽  
Jesús Cantoral Rebordinos ◽  
Agnesska C Benjamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reticular Cell ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Actomyosin Contractility ◽  
Fibroblastic Reticular Cell ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Partner Proteins

In adaptive immunity, CLEC-2+ dendritic cells (DCs) contact fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) inhibiting podoplanin-dependent actomyosin contractility, permitting FRC spreading and lymph node (LN) expansion. The molecular mechanisms controlling LN remodelling are incompletely understood. We asked how podoplanin is regulated on FRCs in the early phase of LN expansion, and which other proteins are required for the FRC response to DCs. We find that podoplanin and its partner proteins CD44 and CD9 are differentially expressed by specific LN stromal populations in vivo, and their expression in FRCs is coregulated by CLEC-2. Both CD44 and CD9 suppress podoplanin-dependent contractility. We find that beyond contractility, podoplanin is required for FRC polarity and alignment. Independently of podoplanin, CD44 and CD9 affect FRC-FRC interactions. Further, our data show that remodelling of the FRC cytoskeleton in response to DCs is a two-step process requiring podoplanin partner proteins CD44 and CD9. Firstly, CLEC-2/podoplanin-binding inhibits FRC contractility, and secondly FRCs form protrusions and spread which requires both CD44 and CD9. Together, we show a multi-faceted FRC response to DCs, which requires CD44 and CD9 in addition to podoplanin.

scholarly journals Developmental Changes of Lymphoid Tissue in the Harderian Gland of Laying Hens

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Bejdić ◽  
Rizah Avdić ◽  
Ljiljana Amidžić ◽  
Velida Ćutahija ◽  
Faruk Tandir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Harderian Gland ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Methyl Green ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Abstract The Harderian gland of 110 laying hens was histologically investigated from the time of hatching to the period of 10 months of age. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-schiff (PAS) and methyl green-pyronin technique. The research shows that lymphoid tissue is colonised by three types of cells: heterophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells. The number of these cells is directly dependent on the bird’s age. During the lifetime of the hens there gradually comes a shift in the dominance of these three cell types. Lymphoid nodules are detected only in 40-day-old chickens, while later in adult birds the Harderian gland is the organ which contains the largest number of mature plasma cells. Some plasma cells contain Russell bodies with different size and shape.

scholarly journals An Electron Microscopic Study of Red Bone Marrow

Blood ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL C. PEASE
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reticular Cell ◽  
Specific Granules ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Hypoplastic Marrow

Abstract The different cell types of bone marrow have been characterized in terms of what may be seen in ultrathin sections with the electron microscope. The cytologic details clearly visible under these circumstances include specific granules, mitochondria, RNA granules, endoplasmic reticulum, amorphous cytoplasmic material and nucleoli. After experience with well-fixed material one is rarely in doubt about how to classify any given cell. Variations in these criteria can be compared and provide additional information for tracing cell relationships. A full range of intermediates has been found establishing the derivation of neutrophil, eosinophil and erythrocyte from a common ancestral myeloblast. The origin of the other cell types has not been traced in comparable detail. The specific granules of the different granulocytes have been described. Of considerable curiosity is the eosinophilic granule which consists of a disc of dense homogeneous material enclosed in a spheroidal mass of lower density, but similar homogeneity. Basophilic granules appear to be made up of stacked, irregular lamellae. But there is some reason for believing that a water-soluble component may have been extracted from these. Neutrophil granules are of two main types. A homogeneous granule of low density is the predominant type in late development, but a larger osmiophilic granule that appears to be formed within a vacuole is characteristic of early stages of specialization. Amorphous material of substantial density (presumably hemoglobin) becomes a feature of the cytoplasm of erythroblasts and normoblasts. Large and well defined nucleolar masses are conspicuous characters of the myeloblast and reticular cell, but disappear from the other cell lines as they specialize. Unusually large and very watery mitochondria are specific features of the myeloblast and reticular cell. The mitochondria apparently condense as cell specialization occurs in all other cell lines except the basophil. The endoplasmic reticulum develops greatly during the neutrophilic and eosinophilic promyelocyte stage and then regresses, except for an unusually spectacular development of this system in the rat (but not the guinea pig) eosinophilic myelocyte. The system is notable also in the megakaryocyte, and particularly so in the plasma cell. There are only small variations recognizable in the RNA granule dispersion of the various cell types. The extrusion of the normoblast nucleus to form an erythrocyte, and a surviving nucleus covered by an excessively thin rim of cytoplasm, has been observed occasionally. Subsequent changes in the nuclear mass suggest that degenerative changes then occur rapidly, but the later phases of this have not been identified. Platelet cytoplasm has been compared with that of megakaryocytes. It is thought to be identical. Besides specific granules, it sometimes contains mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. The manner in which platelets are formed from megakaryocytes is discussed. A white thrombus is illustrated and discussed. Isolated reticular cells are rare or nonexistent in hyperplastic marrow. So also are isolated reticular fibers. A few fibers occur with the reticuloendothelial lining of sinusoids, and more with larger vessels. Hypoplastic marrow which might show more reticular cells has not been studied for comparison. Lymphocytes and monocytes have been observed, but a full discussion of these cells is postponed until lymphoid tissues have been studied. Considerable attention has been given to the character of the sinusoidal lining. The reticuloendothelial cells have long protoplasmic processes which outline the wall structure, but which do not begin to make a complete wall covering. Cells of most juvenile types may be nakedly exposed to the circulating blood, and even bulge far into the lumen. The circulation is thus fundamentally open in character. Intersinusoidal capillaries as defined by Doan, Cunningham and Sabin9 do not exist in this active mammalian red marrow. Studies of hypoplastic marrow unfortunately are not available for comparison. Erythropoiesis occurs in extravascular spaces along with granulopoiesis.

scholarly journals Fibroblastic Reticular Cell Response to Dendritic Cells Requires Coordinated Activity of Podoplanin, CD44 and CD9

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. de Winde ◽  
Spyridon Makris ◽  
Lindsey Millward ◽  
Jesús Cantoral Rebordinos ◽  
Agnesska C. Benjamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Reticular Cell ◽  
Actomyosin Contractility ◽  
Fibroblastic Reticular Cell ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Partner Proteins

Lymph node expansion is pivotal for adaptive immunity. CLEC-2+ migratory dendritic cells (DCs) interact with fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) to inhibit podoplanin-dependent actomyosin contractility, permitting FRC spreading and lymph node expansion. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling lymph node remodelling are not fully understood. We asked how podoplanin is regulated on FRCs in the early phase of lymph node expansion in vivo, and further, which other FRC markers are required for FRCs to respond to CLEC-2+ DCs. We find that expression of podoplanin and its partner proteins CD44 and CD9 in FRCs is coregulated by CLEC-2, and is differentially expressed by specific lymph node stromal populations in vivo. We find that beyond contractility, podoplanin is required for polarity and alignment of FRCs. Both CD44 and CD9 act to dampen podoplanin-dependent contractility, and colocalize with podoplanin in different areas of the cell membrane. Independently of podoplanin, CD44 and CD9 affect the degree of cell-cell contact and overlap between neighbouring FRCs. Further, we show that both CD44 and CD9 are required for FRCs to spread and form protrusions in response to DCs. Our data show that remodelling of the FRC cytoskeleton is a two-step process requiring podoplanin partner proteins CD44 and CD9. Firstly, CLEC-2/podoplanin-binding drives relaxation of actomyosin contractility, and secondly FRCs form protrusions and spread which requires both CD44 and CD9. Together, we show a multi-faceted response of FRCs to DCs, which requires CD44 and CD9 in addition to podoplanin.

scholarly journals Lymph node stromal CCL2 limits antibody responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (45) ◽  
pp. eaaw0693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragos C. Dasoveanu ◽  
Hyeung Ju Park ◽  
Catherine L. Ly ◽  
William D. Shipman ◽  
Susan Chyou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Stromal Compartment ◽  
Vascular Activity ◽  
Chemokine Ligand ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Chemokine Ligand 2

Nonhematopoietic stromal cells in lymph nodes such as fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) can support the survival of plasmablasts and plasma cells [together, antibody-forming cells (AFCs)]. However, a regulatory function for the stromal compartment in AFC accumulation has not been appreciated. Here, we show that chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)–expressing stromal cells limit AFC survival. FRCs express high levels of CCL2 in vessel-rich areas of the T cell zone and the medulla, where AFCs are located. FRC CCL2 is up-regulated during AFC accumulation, and we use lymph node transplantation to show that CCL2 deficiency in BP3+ FRCs and lymphatic endothelial cells increases AFC survival without affecting B or germinal center cell numbers. Monocytes are key expressers of the CCL2 receptor CCR2, as monocyte depletion and transfer late in AFC responses increases and decreases AFC accumulation, respectively. Monocytes express reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)–dependent manner, and NOX2-deficient monocytes fail to reduce AFC numbers. Stromal CCL2 modulates both monocyte accumulation and ROS production, and is regulated, in part, by manipulations that modulate vascular permeability. Together, our results reveal that the lymph node stromal compartment, by influencing monocyte accumulation and functional phenotype, has a regulatory role in AFC survival. Our results further suggest a role for inflammation-induced vascular activity in tuning the lymph node microenvironment. The understanding of stromal-mediated AFC regulation in vessel-rich environments could potentially be harnessed to control antibody-mediated autoimmunity.

scholarly journals Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells directly present peripheral tissue antigen under steady-state and inflammatory conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 207 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne L. Fletcher ◽  
Veronika Lukacs-Kornek ◽  
Erika D. Reynoso ◽  
Sophie E. Pinner ◽  
Angelique Bellemare-Pelletier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Steady State ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Peripheral Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Fibroblastic Reticular Cells

Lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) can induce potent, antigen-specific T cell tolerance under steady-state conditions. Although expression of various peripheral tissue–restricted antigens (PTAs) and presentation to naive CD8+ T cells has been demonstrated, the stromal subsets responsible have not been identified. We report that fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), which reside in the T cell zone of the LN, ectopically express and directly present a model PTA to naive T cells, inducing their proliferation. However, we found that no single LNSC subset was responsible for PTA expression; rather, each subset had its own characteristic antigen display. Studies to date have concentrated on PTA presentation under steady-state conditions; however, because LNs are frequently inflammatory sites, we assessed whether inflammation altered stromal cell–T cell interactions. Strikingly, FRCs showed reduced stimulation of T cells after Toll-like receptor 3 ligation. We also characterize an LNSC subset expressing the highest levels of autoimmune regulator, which responds potently to bystander inflammation by up-regulating PTA expression. Collectively, these data show that diverse stromal cell types have evolved to constitutively express PTAs, and that exposure to viral products alters the interaction between T cells and LNSCs.

scholarly journals ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE OF CELL SURFACES

1969 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 979-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadao Aoki ◽  
Ulrich Hämmerling ◽  
Etienne de Harven ◽  
Edward A. Boyse ◽  
Lloyd J. Old
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Serological Data ◽  
Cell Surface Structure

The representation of mouse alloantigens belonging to three systems, H-2, θ and TL, on the surface of cells from thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and peritoneal cavity, was studied by electron microscopy with ferritin-labeled antibody. As expected from earlier serological data, TL was confined to thymocytes, θ was found on thymocytes and lymphocytes, and H-2 occurred to some extent on all cell types observed. On reticular cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils, the majority of the cell surface was occupied by H-2; thymocytes had considerably less H-2, and erythrocytes and peritoneal macrophages least of all. In every instance the representation of antigen was discontinuous, the fraction of the cell surface covered being characteristic both of the antigen and of the type of cell. H-2 and θ provide a striking example of this; H-2 is present in far higher amounts on lymphocytes than on thymocytes, whereas the converse is true of θ. Within areas positive for H-2 or θ, protuberances of the surface membrane were often antigen-negative. A better definition of cell surface structure, gained from studies such as this, is necessary for further inquiry into how the cell surface is assembled, and into selective gene action in relation to cellular differentiation.

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