scholarly journals PSIX-25 Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection impairs intestinal nutrient transport in piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
Yongqing Hou ◽  
Junmei Zhang ◽  
Dan Yi ◽  
Tao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Absorptive Function ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection can occur in all ages of pigs, but neonatal piglets are the most susceptible and sensitive to the virus. PEDV infection can cause intestinal dysfunction, severe diarrhea and even death in piglets. This study determined the effects of PEDV infection on the absorptive function and gene expression of nutrient transporters in the small intestine of piglets by microarray assay. Sixteen 7-day-old healthy piglets fed with milk replacer and were randomly allocated to one of two treatments (the Control and PEDV groups). After a 5-day adaptation period, piglets (n = 8) were orally administrated with either sterile saline or PEDV (Yunnan province strain) solution at 104.5TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose) per piglet. On day 5 of the trial, D-xylose (0.1 g/kg BW) was orally administrated to all piglets. One hour later, jugular vein blood samples were collected, and then all piglets were killed to obtain the intestinal samples. Compared with the control, PEDV infection increased (P < 0.05) incidence of diarrhea, plasma DAO activity and iFABP level, while decreased (P < 0.05) plasma D-xylose concentration of piglets. Moreover, PEDV infection altered the amino acids profiles (P < 0.05), and decreased (P < 0.05) the gene expression of AQPs (AQP4, AQP8 and AQP10), amino acids transporters (y+LAT1, b0’+AT, and PepT1), molecules associated with lipid transport and metabolism (LPL, SLC27A2, and ACSL3), and glucose transport and metabolism (GLUT2 and INSR). However, PEDV infection enhanced (P < 0.05) the gene epression of PCK1, ASS1, SGLT1, and CFTR in the jejunum of piglets. Collectively, these comprehensive results indicate that PEDV infection impairs intestinal absorptive function and inhibits the expression of genes associated with nutrient transport and metabolism in piglets.

scholarly journals Gene Variations in Cis-Acting Elements between the Taiwan and Prototype Strains of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Alter Viral Gene Expression

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Tsung-Lin Tsai ◽  
Chen-Chang Su ◽  
Ching-Chi Hsieh ◽  
Chao-Nan Lin ◽  
Hui-Wen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Sequence Motif ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
In Cis

In 2013, the outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) in Taiwan caused serious economic losses. In this study, we examined whether the variations of the cis-acting elements between the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) Taiwan (TW) strain and the prototype strain CV777 alter gene expression. For this aim, we analyzed the variations of the cis-acting elements in the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs) between the PEDV TW, CV777, and other reference strains. We also determined the previously unidentified transcription regulatory sequence (TRS), a sequence motif required for coronavirus transcription, and found that a nucleotide deletion in the TW strain, in comparison with CV777 strain, immediately downstream of the leader core sequence alters the identity between the leader TRS and the body TRS. Functional analyses using coronavirus defective interfering (DI) RNA revealed that such variations in cis-acting elements for the TW strain compared with the CV777 strain have an influence on the efficiency of gene expression. The current data show for the first time the evolution of PEDV in terms of cis-acting elements and their effects on gene expression, and thus may contribute to our understanding of recent PED outbreaks worldwide.

scholarly journals Successive Passage In Vitro Led to Lower Virulence and Higher Titer of A Variant Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengwei Zhao ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Jiang Yu ◽  
Rongzhi Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
S Gene ◽  
Successive Passage ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

A highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) appeared in China and spread rapidly to neighbor countries, which have led to great economic losses to the pig industry. In the present study, we isolated a PEDV using Vero cells and serially propagated 100 passages. PEDV SDSX16 was characterized in vitro and in vivo. The viral titers increased to 107.6 TCID50/mL (100th) by serial passages. The spike (S) gene and the whole gene of the SDSX16 virus was fully sequenced to assess the genetic stability and relatedness to previously identified PEDV. Along with successive passage in vitro, there were 18 nucleotides (nt) deletion occurred in the spike (S) gene resulting in a deletion of six amino acids when the SDSX16 strain was passaged to the 64th generation, and this deletion was stable until the P100. However, the ORF1a/b, M, N, E, and ORF3 genes had only a few point mutations in amino acids and no deletions. According to growth kinetics experiments, the SDSX16 deletion strain significantly enhanced its replication in Vero cells since it was passaged to the 64th generation. The animal studies showed that PEDV SDSX16-P10 caused more severe diarrhea and vomiting, fecal shedding, and acute atrophic enteritis than SDSX16-P75, indicating that SDSX16-P10 is enteropathogenic in the natural host, and the pathogenicity of SDSX16 decreased with successive passage in vitro. However, SDSX16-P10 was found to cause lower levels of cytokine expression than SDSX16-P75 using real-time PCR and flow cytometry, such as IL1β, IL6, IFN-β, TNF-α, indicating that SDSX16-P10 might inhibit the expression of cytokines. Our data indicated that successive passage in vitro resulted in virulent attenuation in vivo of the PEDV variant strain SDSX16.

scholarly journals Deletion in the S1 Region of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Reduces the Virulence and Influences the Virus-Neutralizing Activity of the Antibody Induced

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1378
Author(s):  
Kuo-Jung Tsai ◽  
Ming-Chung Deng ◽  
Fun-In Wang ◽  
Shu-Hui Tsai ◽  
Chieh Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Large Deletion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Insertion And Deletion ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe diarrhea and a high rate of mortality in suckling pigs. The epidemic of PEDV that occurred after 2013 was caused by non-insertion and deletion of S gene (S-INDEL) PEDV strains. During this epidemic, a variant of the non-S-INDEL PEDV strain with a large deletion of 205 amino acids on the spike gene (5-17-V) was also found to co-exist with a non-S-INDEL PEDV without deletion (5-17-O). Herein, we describe the differences in the complete genome, distribution, virulence, and antigenicity between strain 5-17-O and variant strain 5-17-V. The deletion of 205 amino acids was primarily located in the S1O domain and was associated with milder clinical signs and lower mortality in suckling pigs than those of the 5-17-O strain. The 5-17-V strain-induced antibody did not completely cross-neutralize the 5-17-O strain. In conclusion, the deletion in the S1 region reduces the virulence of PEDV and influences the virus-neutralizing activities of the antibody it induces.

Evaluation of the minimum infectious dose of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in virus-inoculated feed

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1108-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loni L. Schumacher ◽  
Jason C. Woodworth ◽  
Cassandra K. Jones ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Jianqiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

scholarly journals Structural Basis for the Inhibition of Host Gene Expression by Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus nsp1

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Shen ◽  
Gang Ye ◽  
Feng Deng ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Min Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Host Gene Expression ◽  
Functional Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

ABSTRACT Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enteropathogenic Alphacoronavirus , has caused enormous economic losses in the pork industry. Nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) is a characteristic feature of alpha- and betacoronaviruses, which exhibits both functional conservation and mechanistic diversity in inhibiting host gene expression and antiviral responses. However, the detailed structure and molecular mechanisms underlying the Alphacoronavirus nsp1 inhibition of host gene expression remain unclear. Here, we report the first full-length crystal structure of Alphacoronavirus nsp1 from PEDV. The structure displays a six-stranded β-barrel fold in the middle of two α-helices. The core structure of PEDV nsp1 shows high similarity to those of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nsp1 and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) nsp1, despite its low degree of sequence homology. Using ribopuromycylation and Renilla luciferase reporter assays, we showed that PEDV nsp1 can dramatically inhibit general host gene expression. Furthermore, three motifs (amino acids [aa] 67 to 71, 78 to 85, and 103 to 110) of PEDV nsp1 create a stable functional region for inhibiting protein synthesis, differing considerably from Betacoronavirus nsp1. These results elucidate the detailed structural basis through which PEDV nsp1 inhibits host gene expression, providing insight into the development of a new attenuated vaccine with nsp1 modifications. IMPORTANCE Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has led to tremendous economic losses in the global swine industry. PEDV nsp1 plays a crucial role in inhibiting host gene expression, but its functional mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report the full-length structure of PEDV nsp1, the first among coronaviruses to be reported. The 1.25-Å resolution crystal structure of PEDV nsp1 shows high similarity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nsp1 13–128 and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) nsp1 1–104 , despite a lack of sequence homology. Structural and biochemical characterization demonstrated that PEDV nsp1 possesses a stable functional region for inhibition of host protein synthesis, which is formed by loops at residues 67 to 71, 78 to 85, and 103 to 110. The different functional regions in PEDV nsp1 and SARS-CoV nsp1 may explain their distinct mechanisms. Importantly, our structural data are conducive to understanding the mechanism of PEDV nsp1 inhibition of the expression of host genes and may aid in the development of a new attenuated vaccine.

scholarly journals Identifying outbreaks of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus through animal movements and spatial neighborhoods

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Machado ◽  
Carles Vilalta ◽  
Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza ◽  
Cesar Corzo ◽  
Montserrat Torremorell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Animal Movements ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

PSVI-4 Efficacy of Medium Chain Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid-based Feed Additives as a Mitigation Strategy Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
O L Harrison ◽  
G E Nichols ◽  
J T Gebhardt ◽  
Cassandra K Jones ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Abstract Recent research has demonstrated that swine viruses can be transmitted via feed. Chemical feed additives have been suggested for the mitigation of these viruses in complete feed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available formaldehyde-based feed additive, medium chain fatty acid blend (MCFA), and commercially available fatty acid-based products for mitigation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in a feed matrix. Treatments consisted of: 1) non-treated positive control, 2) 0.33% commercial formaldehyde-based product (Sal Curb; Kemin Industries, Inc.; Des Moines, IA), 3) 0.5% MCFA blend (1:1:1 ratio of C6:0, C8:0, and C10:0, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), 4) 0.25%, 5) 0.5%, or 6) 1% of commercial dry mono and diglyceride-based product (Furst Strike; Furst-McNess Company, Freeport, IL), 7) 0.25%, 8) 0.5%, or 9) 1% of commercial dry mono and diglyceride-based product (Furst Protect; Furst-McNess Company, Freeport, IL), 10) 0.25%, 11) 0.5%, or 12) 1% dry mono and diglyceride-based experimental product (Furst-McNess Company, Freeport, IL) with 3 replications/treatment. Treatments were applied to complete swine feed before inoculation with 106 TCID50/g of feed with PEDV or PRRSV. Post inoculation feed was held at ambient temperature for 24 h before being analyzed via qRT-PCR. The analyzed values represent the cycle threshold. Formaldehyde and MCFA decreased (P < 0.05) the detectable RNA of PEDV and PRRSV compared to all other treatments. Furst Strike, Furst Protect, and the experimental product did not significantly impact detectability of PEDV or PRRSV RNA. In conclusion, MCFA and formaldehyde treatments are effective at reducing detection of RNA from PEDV and PRRSV in feed.

scholarly journals Differential expression and correlation analysis of miRNA–mRNA profiles in swine testicular cells infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Zhang ◽  
Chang Li ◽  
Bingzhou Zhang ◽  
Zhonghua Li ◽  
Wei Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

AbstractThe variant virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain (YN15) can cause severe porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED); however, the attenuated vaccine-like PEDV strain (YN144) can induce immunity in piglets. To investigate the differences in pathogenesis and epigenetic mechanisms between the two strains, differential expression and correlation analyses of the microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA in swine testicular (ST) cells infected with YN15, YN144, and mock were performed on three comparison groups (YN15 vs Control, YN144 vs Control, and YN15 vs YN144). The mRNA and miRNA expression profiles were obtained using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the differentially expressed (DE) (p-value < 0.05) mRNA and miRNA were obtained using DESeq R package. mRNAs targeted by DE miRNAs were predicted using the miRanda algortithm. 8039, 8631 and 3310 DE mRNAs, and 36, 36, and 22 DE miRNAs were identified in the three comparison groups, respectively. 14,140, 15,367 and 3771 DE miRNA–mRNA (targeted by DE miRNAs) interaction pairs with negatively correlated expression patterns were identified, and interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape. Six DE miRNAs and six DE mRNAs were randomly selected to verify the sequencing data by real-time relative quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Based on bioinformatics analysis, we discovered the differences were mostly involved in host immune responses and viral pathogenicity, including NF-κB signaling pathway and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, etc. This is the first comprehensive comparison of DE miRNA–mRNA pairs in YN15 and YN144 infection in vitro, which could provide novel strategies for the prevention and control of PED.

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