59 Effects of exogenous glucocorticoid administration on leptin concentrations in perinatal dairy bull calves

Abstract Previous studies suggest a relationship between leptin and cortisol immediately postpartum is linked to improved feedlot efficiency on cattle exposed to perinatal stressors. The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of exogenous cortisol administration on circulating leptin concentrations in perinatal dairy bull calves. Within four hours of parturition, Holstein bull calves were randomly assigned to treatments and intravenously infused with low cortisol (LC; n = 9, 3.5 ug/kg of cortisol), high cortisol (HC; n = 9, 7.0 ug/kg of cortisol), or a sham infusion control (CON; n = 9, similar volume of saline). Calves were housed similarly and fed milk replacer (28% CP, 20% fat) three times daily. Blood collections were performed via jugular venipuncture using Z/9mL serum collection tubes (Sarstedt, Newton, NC) from d 0 to 5 of age. Serum samples were incubated for 1 h at room temperature then overnight at 4°C, centrifuged at 1800 x g at 4°C for 20 minutes, serum decanted, and stored long term at -20°C until analysis. At 5 d of age, calves were euthanized utilizing an overdose of sodium pentobarbital (Schering-Plough Animal Health, Union, NJ) and cerebral-spinal fluid (CSF) from the third ventricle of the brain was collected and stored at -80°C until analysis. All samples were analyzed for leptin concentrations via a previously-validated radioimmunoassay. Serum leptin concentrations were analyzed via repeated measures of ANOVA and CSF leptin concentrations via the GLM procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Serum leptin concentrations of HC and LC were decreased (P = 0.013) compared to CON, and d 0 was decreased (P < 0.001) compared to all other days of age. Cerebral-spinal fluid leptin concentrations of HC and LC were decreased (P = 0.005) compared to CON. In summary, exogenous cortisol administered to perinatal dairy bull calves reduced leptin concentrations in serum and CSF.

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60 Effects of exogenous glucocorticoid administration on leptin concentrations in perinatal dairy bull calves

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz397.187 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 79-80

Author(s):

Camille Morris ◽

Keelee J McCarty ◽

Nathan Long

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Cerebral Spinal Fluid ◽

Animal Health ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Spinal Fluid ◽

Sodium Pentobarbital ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Serum Leptin ◽

Bull Calves ◽

Dairy Bull

Abstract Previous studies suggest a relationship between leptin and cortisol immediately postpartum is linked to improved feedlot efficiency on cattle exposed to perinatal stressors. The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of exogenous cortisol administration on circulating leptin concentrations in perinatal dairy bull calves. Within four hours of parturition, Holstein bull calves were randomly assigned to treatments and intravenously infused with low cortisol (LC; n =9, 3.5 ug/kg of cortisol), high cortisol (HC; n = 9, 7.0 ug/kg of cortisol), or a sham infusion control (CON; n = 9, similar volume of saline). Calves were housed similarly and fed milk replacer (28% CP, 20% fat) three times daily. Blood collections were performed via jugular venipuncture using Z/9mL serum collection tubes (Sarstedt, Newton, NC) from d 0 to 5 of age. Serum samples were incubated for 1 h at room temperature then overnight at 4°C, centrifuged at 1800 x g at 4°C for 20 minutes, serum decanted, and stored long term at -20°C until analysis. At 5 d of age, calves were euthanized utilizing an overdose of sodium pentobarbital (Schering-Plough Animal Health, Union, NJ) and cerebral-spinal fluid (CSF) from the third ventricle of the brain was collected and stored at -80°C until analysis. All samples were analyzed for leptin concentrations via a previously-validated radioimmunoassay. Serum leptin concentrations were analyzed via repeated measures of ANOVA and CSF leptin concentrations via the GLM procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Serum leptin concentrations of HC and LC were decreased (P = 0.013) compared to CON, and d 0 was decreased (P < 0.001) compared to all other days of age. Cerebral-spinal fluid leptin concentrations of HC and LC were decreased (P = 0.005) compared to CON. In summary, exogenous cortisol administered to perinatal dairy bull calves reduced leptin concentrations in serum and CSF.

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Effects of Exogenous Glucocorticoid Administration on Appetitic Center Brain Development in Dairy Bull Calves

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab096.027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 16-17

Author(s):

Keelee J McCarty ◽

Nathan Long

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Housekeeping Genes ◽

Sodium Pentobarbital ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Control Center ◽

Bull Calves ◽

Dairy Bull ◽

The Brain

Abstract The objective of study was to determine the effects of exogenous cortisol on leptin concentrations and appetitic center development of perinatal dairy bull calves. Holstein bull calves (n = 27) were weighed and randomly assigned to treatments within 4 h of parturition (d0). Each calf was intravenously infused with either a low cortisol (LC; n = 9, 3.5 ug/kg of BW), high cortisol (HC; n = 9, 7.0 ug/kg of BW), or a sham infusion control (CON; n = 9, similar volume of saline). Each calf was administered a second infusion (half dose) of its respective treatment 24 h postpartum. All calves were housed similarly and fed milk replacer (28% CP, 20% fat) three times daily. Blood was collected via jugular venipuncture before infusion and from d 0–5 of age. At 5 d of age, calves were euthanized via sodium pentobarbital overdose. Cerebral-spinal fluid (CSF) from the third ventricle of the brain, hypothalamus, and adipose tissue (AT; omental, perirenal, and mesenteric) were collected. Blood and CSF samples were analyzed for leptin concentrations via a validated RIA. Adipose tissue samples were analyzed via western blotting for leptin and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and normalized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) expression. Hypothalamus samples were analyzed via qRT-PCR for genes associated with neuronal growth factors and normalized to the average of two housekeeping genes. All data were analyzed via ANOVA or repeated measures analysis using appropriate models (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Serum and CSF leptin concentrations were decreased (P < 0.013) in HC and LC compared to CON. Leptin protein expression was decreased (P < 0.044) in perirenal and omental AT of LC calves compared to CON. Hypothalamic expression of BDNF, FGF1, and FGF2 were decreased (P < 0.006) in HC and LC compared to CON. In summary, exogenous cortisol administered to calves at birth reduced leptin concentrations and altered appetitic control center development of the brain.

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PSV-10 The effects of maternal programming on postnatal growth and inflammation in neonatal dairy bull calves

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.564 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 307-308

Author(s):

Amanda Barney ◽

Jordan Lally ◽

Rachael Gately ◽

Maria L Hoffman

Keyword(s):

Rhode Island ◽

Milk Production ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Body Measurements ◽

Crown Rump Length ◽

Bull Calves ◽

Maternal Programming ◽

Dairy Bull

Abstract Neonatal dairy calves are highly susceptible to respiratory and digestive diseases. A mechanism that could be predisposing calves to disease is maternal programming. We hypothesized that high milk production and/or mastitis infection during gestation will 1) affect postnatal growth and development 2) cause increased inflammation in neonatal dairy bull calves. Calves (n = 45) were selected from dams classified has high producers (HI; Top 25% for herd M305; n = 7), high producers with high SCC (HIMAST; SCC test during pregnancy over 200,000 cells/mL; n = 15), moderate producers (MOD; lower 60% for herd M305; n = 17) or moderate producers with high SCC (MODMAST; n = 6). Calves were transported to the University of Rhode Island at 24 hrs of age. Body weights and body measurements (crown rump length (CRL), skull length (SL), skull width (SW), Girth, Height) were collected at 24 hrs (Initial) and at weaning (8 weeks). C-reactive protein (Abclonal, Woburn, MA) and Malondialdehyde (Abcam, Cambridge, MA) analyses were performed on plasma samples collected 72 hrs post travel. Data were analyzed in SAS using repeated measures (BW and growth measurements) and proc mixed (inflammatory biomarkers). As expected, an effect of time was observed on calf BW, CRL, SL, SW, Girth and Height (P ≤ 0.01). However, no difference in calf BW, CRL, SL, SW, Girth and Height were observed between groups (P>0.05). No effect of dam milk production and/or SCC during gestation was observed on CRP or MDA concentrations at 72 hrs post travel (P ≥ 0.17). In conclusion, high maternal milk production and/or mastitis infection during gestation does not affect calf BW and body measurements when analyzed overtime. Correlation analyses will be performed to better understand the relationship between maternal programming and calf growth. Additional inflammatory biomarkers are also going to be evaluated.

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Oxidative Changes in Cerebral Spinal Fluid Phosphatidylcholine during Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Biological Research For Nursing ◽

10.1177/1099800404271916 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 187-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Petra Miketova ◽

Kris Kaemingk ◽

Marilyn Hockenberry ◽

Alice Pasvogel ◽

John Hutter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

High Risk ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Cerebral Spinal Fluid ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

Spinal Fluid ◽

Intensive Phase ◽

Oxidized Pc

Central nervous system (CNS) treatment contributes to improved long-term disease-free survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by sigificantly decreasing the rate of disease relapse. Methotrexate (MTX), a drug commonly used for CNS treatment, has been associated with cognitive and academic problems, white-matter changes, perfusion defects, and brain atrophy. This study investigated oxidative stress as a possible mechanism of chemotherapyinduced CNS injury. Unoxidized and oxidized components of phosphatidylcholine (PC), the most prevalent phospholipid in CNS cellular membranes, were measured in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from 21 children diagnosed with low (n = 7), standard (n= 7), or high (n= 7) risk ALL. Children with high-risk ALL received the most MTX, especially during the most intensive phase of treatment (consolidation). Phospholipids were extracted from CSF samples obtained at diagnosis and during the induction, consolidation, and continuation treatment phases. Unoxidized and oxidized PC were measured by normalphase high-performance liquid chromatography at 2 ultraviolet wavelengths (206 and 234 nm, respectively). Data were analyzed by 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results support the hypotheses that the highest levels of oxidized PC would be observed during the most intensive phase of ALL therapy and in the high-risk ALL group. Findings provide preliminary evidence for chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress inCNSmembrane phospholipids.

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Failure to Detect Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone in Third Ventricle Cerebral Spinal Fluid Under a Variety of Experimental Conditions1

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endo-96-4-913 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. 913-921 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

ONEIDA M. CRAMER ◽

CHARLES A. BARRACLOUGH

Keyword(s):

Luteinizing Hormone ◽

Cerebral Spinal Fluid ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Spinal Fluid ◽

Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽

Releasing Hormone

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Sero-epidemiological survey of bluetongue disease in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan

Irish Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1186/s13620-021-00186-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Molhima M. Elmahi ◽

Mohammed O. Hussien ◽

Abdel Rahim E. Karrar ◽

Amira M. Elhassan ◽

Abdel Rahim M. El Hussein

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Animal Health ◽

Water Source ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Eastern Sudan

Abstract Background Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne viral disease of ruminant and camelid species which is transmitted by Culicoides spp. The causative agent of BT is bluetongue virus (BTV) that belongs to genus Orbivirus of the family Reoviridae. The clinical disease is seen mainly in sheep but mostly sub-clinical infections of BT are seen in cattle, goats and camelids. The clinical reaction of camels to infection is usually not apparent. The disease is notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), causing great economic losses due to decreased trade and high mortality and morbidity rates associated with bluetongue outbreaks. The objective of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of BTV in camels in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan and to identify the potential risk factors associated with the infection. A cross sectional study using a structured questionnaire survey was conducted during 2015–2016. A total of 210 serum samples were collected randomly from camels from 8 localities of Kassala State. The serum samples were screened for the presence of BTV specific immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Results Seropositivity to BTV IgG was detected in 165 of 210 camels’ sera accounting for a prevalence of 78.6%. Potential risk factors to BTV infection were associated with sex (OR = 0.061, p-value = 0.001) and seasonal river as water source for drinking (OR = 32.257, p-value = 0.0108). Conclusions Sex and seasonal river as water source for drinking were considered as potential risk factors for seropositivity to BTV in camels. The high prevalence of BTV in camels in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan, necessitates further epidemiological studies of BTV infection in camels and other ruminant species to better be able to control BT disease in this region.

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