scholarly journals 71 Effects of timing of supplementation during late gestation in Bos indicus-influenced beef cows on post-weaning growth, immunity, and carcass characteristics of steer progeny

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 59-59
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Palmer ◽  
Marcelo Vedovatto ◽  
Juliana Ranches ◽  
Vinicius Gouvea ◽  
Rhaiza Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Distillers Grain ◽  
Dried Distillers Grain

Abstract This study evaluated the growth, immunity, and carcass characteristics of beef steers born to cows offered dried distillers grains (DDG) at different timing during late gestation. Approximately 84 d before calving (d 0), 84 mature Brangus cows were stratified by BW and BCS (422 ± 42 kg; 5.0 ± 0.14) and allocated into 1 of 6 bahiagrass pastures (14 cows/pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures: 1) no prepartum supplementation (CON); 2) 1 kg/d DDG from d 0 to 84 (LATE84); or 3) 2 kg/d from d 0 to 42 (LATE42). Calves were weaned at 261 ± 23 d of age. At weaning, 38 steers were vaccinated against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV-1) and parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) and transported to a feedlot facility. Steers were penned according to cow prepartum pasture distribution and fed a similar diet until slaughter (d 587). Data were analyzed as complete randomized design using MIXED procedure of SAS, pasture as the experimental unit, treatment as fixed effect, and pasture(treatment) and steer(pasture) as random effects. Steer feedlot BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F did not differ (P ≥ 0.12) among treatments. Plasma haptoglobin concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.03) for LATE42 and LATE84 vs. CON steers 2 d after feedlot entry. Plasma cortisol and seroconversion for BVDV-1 and PI-3 did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) among treatments. The percentage of carcasses grading Choice did not differ (P = 0.13), but carcasses grading low Choice were greater (P = 0.03) for CON vs. LATE42, with LATE84 being intermediate (91, 40, and 58%, respectively). Thus, prepartum dried distillers grain supplementation to B. indicus-influenced cows did not enhance feedlot growth but had subtle positive impacts on carcass quality and innate immunity in steer progeny. In addition, timing of dried distillers grain supplementation (last 84 d vs. first 42 d of late gestation) did not impact steer post-weaning feedlot performance and carcass quality.

scholarly journals 190 Winter vs. year-round supplementation of mature beef cows on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of steer progeny

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 59-60
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Palmer ◽  
Marcelo Vedovatto ◽  
Juliana Ranches ◽  
Vinicius Gouvea ◽  
Rhaiza Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of year-round supplementation of molasses/urea or wheat middlings-based range cubes to mature cows on subsequent feedlot growth, immunity, and carcass characteristics of their steer progeny. On d 0, 82 mature Brangus cows were stratified by BW and BCS (433 ± 47 kg; 4.6 ± 0.77) and randomly allocated into 1 of 6 bahiagrass pastures (13–14 cows/pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to 2 pastures/treatment and consisted of supplementation with molasses/urea during winter (MOL-W), or year-round supplementation with molasses/urea (MOL-Y) or range cubes (CUB-Y). Supplements were isocaloric and isonitrogenous (75% TDN, 20% CP; DM basis) and offered at a total yearly supplement DM amount of 272 kg/cow. On d 423, all calves were weaned, and 33 steers were randomly selected for the feedlot phase. Steers were penned based on cow prepartum pasture distribution and managed similarly until slaughter (d 661). Data were analyzed as complete randomized design using MIXED procedure of SAS, pasture as the experimental unit, treatment as fixed effect, and pasture(treatment) and steer(pasture) as random effects. Dry matter intake did not differ (P ≥ 0.70), but MOL-Y and MOL-W steers had greater (P = 0.05) overall ADG vs. CUB-Y steers. Plasma haptoglobin concentrations tended (P = 0.06) to be greater for CUB-Y vs. MOL-W, and intermediate for MOL-Y. Serum titers against bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 and parainfluenza-3, hot carcass weight, REA, and YG did not differ (P ≥ 0.16) among treatments, but back fat thickness was greater (P = 0.03) for MOL-W vs. MOL-Y and CUB-Y. The percentage of carcasses grading Choice did not differ (P = 0.35) among treatments, but more carcasses tended (P = 0.08) to grade low Choice for MOL-W vs. CUB-Y and MOL-Y. Therefore, providing molasses/urea supplementation to mature beef cows during winter only or year-round increased steer post-weaning feedlot performance and carcass quality compared to steers born from cows offered year-round supplementation with range cubes.

Timing of Protein/energy Supplementation in Late Gestating Bos Indicus-influenced Beef Cows Influences Postnatal Growth, Immunity and Carcass Characteristics of Their Offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Palmer ◽  
Marcelo Vedovatto ◽  
Rhaiza A Oliveira ◽  
Juliana Ranches ◽  
Joao Vendramini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Energy Supplementation

Abstract This 2-yr study investigated the timing of dried distillers grains (DDG) supplementation of Bos indicus-influenced cows during late gestation and its impacts on offspring performance. On d 0, 84 Brangus cows/yr were stratified by BW (482 ± 75 kg) and BCS (5.3 ± 0.8) and randomly assigned to bahiagrass pastures (14 cows/pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (2 pastures/treatment/yr) and consisted of no prepartum supplementation (CON), 2 kg/d of DDG from d 0 to 42 (LATE42), or 1 kg/d of DDG from d 0 to 84 (LATE84). At weaning (d 347), 38 steers/yr were vaccinated against bovine respiratory disease, transported for 720 mi to the feedlot, penned according to prepartum pasture distribution, and fed the same corn silage-based diet until harvest. Data were analyzed using SAS GLIMMIX procedure. Cow BCS at calving was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for LATE84 and LATE42 vs. CON cows and did not differ (P = 0.16) between LATE84 and LATE 42 cows. Cows offered LATE42 supplementation had greater (P ≤ 0.05) calving percentage from wk 2 to 6 of the subsequent calving season than CON and LATE84 cows. Calf BW at weaning was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for LATE 84 vs. LATE42 calves, and the latter greater than CON calves (269, 261, and 255 ± 2.6 kg, respectively). Seroconversion against parainfluenza-3 virus at weaning was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for LATE42 vs. CON steers, with LATE84 being intermediate. Feedlot BW and carcass weight did not differ (P ≥ 0.36) among treatments, but marbling scores and carcasses grading choice tended (P ≤ 0.10) to be greater for LATE42 vs. CON steers, with LATE84 being intermediate. Therefore, timing of DDG supplementation during late gestation in Bos indicus-influenced cows enhanced calf weaning weight, humoral immunity, and carcass characteristics at different magnitudes than cohorts born from non-supplemented cows.

scholarly journals Differences in copper and selenium metabolism between Angus (Bos taurus) and Brahman (Bos indicus) cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ranches ◽  
R Alves ◽  
M Vedovatto ◽  
E Anne Palmer ◽  
P Moriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Brahman Cattle ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The University ◽  
Se Status

Abstract A two-year study was conducted at the University of Florida – IFAS, Range Cattle Research and Education Center (Ona, FL) to evaluate differences in the metabolism of Cu and Se of Angus (Bos taurus) and Brahman (Bos indicus) cattle. Thirty-two pregnant beef cows (n = 8 Brahman and 8 Angus/year) were enrolled in the study in the first trimester of gestation. The study consisted of 3 phases: (1) restriction (d 0 to d 90); (2) supplementation (d 91 to 150), and (3) calving. During all 3 phases, cows were individually fed and housed in partially covered drylot pens. During the restriction and supplementation phases cows were provided a 1.5 kg/d of a grain-based concentrate supplement, which was fortified with flowers of S (50 g of supplemental S/cow daily; restriction phase) or Cu and Se (100 and 3 mg/d of Cu and Se, respectively; supplementation phase). Blood and liver samples were collected from all cows on 30 d intervals and from both cows and calves within 24 h of calving. Colostrum and milk samples were collected at calving and 7 d after birth. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, where cow and calf were the experimental unit. During the restriction phase, a breed × day effect (P = 0.03) was observed where Brahman had greater liver Cu concentration than Angus cows in all sampling days. For liver Se concentration, a tendency (P = 0.07) for a breed effect was observed where Angus cows tended to have greater liver Se concentration than Brahman. During the supplementation phase, breed (P < 0.001) and day (P < 0.01) effects were observed, where Brahman cows had greater liver Cu concentration than Angus. For liver Se concentration, a day effect (P < 0.001) was observed, where liver Se concentration increased (P < 0.001) from d 90 to 120 and remained unchanged (P = 0.86) until d 150. At calving no effects of breed (P = 0.34) were observed for liver Cu concentration of cows, however, Brahman calves tended (P = 0.09) to have greater liver Cu concentration than Angus calves. For Se liver concentration at calving, Angus cows tended (P = 0.07) to have greater liver Se concentration than Brahman cows, however no breed differences (P = 0.70) were observed for liver Se concentration of calves at birth. In summary substantial differences in multiple indicators of Cu and Se status were observed between Angus and Brahman cattle, implying that Angus and Brahman cattle possibly have different mechanisms to maintain adequate Cu and Se status.

132 Effects of feeding stockpiled tall fescue versus tall fescue hay to late gestation beef cows on steer offspring carcass quality and yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. 62-62
Author(s):  
A. M. Meyer ◽  
K. N. Niederecker ◽  
A. R. Rathert ◽  
K. E. Shircliff ◽  
Z. D. Callahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Carcass Quality

scholarly journals PSI-18 Effects of supplementing polyunsaturated fatty acids during late gestation on performance of fall-calving cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 247-248
Author(s):  
Trenton L Black ◽  
Taoqi Shao ◽  
Frank A Ireland ◽  
Joshua C McCann ◽  
Daniel W Shike
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Pufa Supplement ◽  
Fall Calving

Abstract The objective was to determine the effects of supplementing calcium salts of PUFA or SFA + MUFA during late gestation on performance of fall-calving beef cows through calving. Mature, Simmental x Angus cows confirmed pregnant to a synchronized artificial insemination (AI) and fetal sexed were selected prior to the start of the experiment. At 200 d of gestation, cows (n = 96; BW = 603 ± 72 kg) were stratified by age, AI service sire, fetal sex and BW and allotted to 8 groups. Groups were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments (4 groups per treatment): SFA + MUFA (0.155 kg of EnerGII per cow per day on a DM basis) and PUFA (0.08 kg of Strata and 0.08 kg of Prequel per cow per day on a DM basis). The SFA + MUFA supplement included palmitic and oleic acid. The PUFA supplement included eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and linoleic acid. All cows grazed endophyte-infected tall fescue and were supplemented 2 kg DM per cow per d of soybean hulls for 78 d during late gestation in addition to their treatment supplement. Body condition score and BW were collected at trial initiation, during supplementation, before calving, and after calving. Pen was the experimental unit and BW, BCS, and calf BW were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The BW and BCS at trial initiation, during supplementation, before calving, and after calving of the cows supplemented PUFA were not different (P ≥ 0.38) than the BW and BCS of cows supplemented SFA + MUFA. Calf birth BW from cows supplemented with PUFA were not different (P = 0.87) than calf birth BW from cows supplemented with SFA + MUFA. Supplementing cows PUFA during late gestation in fall-calving cows did not affect BW, BCS or calf birth BW.

Impact of prolonged cold exposure on dry matter intake and enteric methane emissions of beef cows overwintered on low-quality forage diets with and without supplemented wheat and corn dried distillers’ grain with solubles

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Bernier ◽  
M. Undi ◽  
J. C. Plaizier ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg ◽  
G. R. Donohoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Distillers Grain ◽  
Dried Distillers Grain ◽  
Neutral Conditions ◽  
Enteric Methane Emissions

Bernier, J. N., Undi, M., Plaizier, J. C., Wittenberg, K. M., Donohoe, G. R. and Ominski, K. H. 2012. Impact of prolonged cold exposure on dry matter intake and enteric methane emissions of beef cows overwintered on low-quality forage diets with and without supplemented wheat and corn dried distillers’ grain with solubles. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 493–500. This study was conducted to determine the impact of prolonged cold exposure on dry matter intake (DMI) and enteric methane (CH4) emissions of overwintering beef cows consuming low-quality forage with and without supplemented protein in the form of dried distillers’ grain with solubles (DDGS). The study was carried out with 30 mature, dry, open beef cows (663±52.9 kg) that were fed a low-quality (deficient CP, 6.0% CP) forage (control), low-quality forage supplemented with 10% DDGS (sufficient CP, 8.7% CP; DDGS10) or 20% DDGS (excess CP, 11.6% CP; DDGS20). Carrying out the study from October through February allowed assessment under thermal neutral and prolonged cold conditions typical of the prairie region of Canada (Manitoba, Alberta and Saskatchewan). Average minimum and maximum daily temperatures were 2.7 and 13.8°C in the thermal neutral period, and –23.5 and −11.0°C in the prolonged cold period, respectively. When no protein supplements were offered, cows exposed to prolonged cold consumed less (P=0.01) forage than when exposed to thermal neutral conditions. Enteric CH4 emissions, when measured as litres per day, were not influenced (P>0.05) by dietary protein supplementation, averaging 285.6±11.71, 311.9±11.49 and 282.6±13.02 L d−1 for cows fed control, DDGS10, and DDGS20 diets, respectively. When expressed as a percentage of energy consumed, cows consuming low-quality forage supplemented with 20% DDGS produced 18.5% less (P=0.01) enteric CH4 relative to cows consuming the low-quality forage only, with emissions of 5.3±0.38 and 6.5±0.33% GEI, respectively. Mature beef cows maintained at the same physiological status and dietary regime produced 26.8% less (P=0.001) enteric CH4 (7.1±0.30 vs. 5.2±0.26% GEI) under prolonged cold as compared with thermal neutral conditions. Based on these results, enteric CH4 emissions for the Canadian cow herd that is overwintered outdoors may be overestimated using current International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology.

scholarly journals PSIX-10 Effects of SID Lysine:Calorie NE ratio on the Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of DNA 600 Sired Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 181-181
Author(s):  
Brittany Carrender ◽  
Hayden E Williams ◽  
Mandy Gerhart ◽  
Kyle Coble ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 2,673 mixed sex pigs (DNA 600 × PIC 1050; initially 21.4 kg BW) were used in a 117-d study to evaluate the effects of increasing SID Lysine:Calorie NE ratio on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of DNA sired pigs. Pens of pigs (30 pigs/pen) were blocked by BW and location and allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 18 pens per treatment. Treatments were 90%, 95%, 100%, or 105% of the 2016 PIC recommended SID Lysine:Calorie NE ratio for finishing gilts. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete-block design with pen as the experimental unit. Overall (d 0-117), increasing Lysine:Calorie NE tended to improve ADG (Linear; P = 0.077) and G:F (Linear; P = 0.053). Although there was an increase in ADG with increasing SID Lysine:Calorie NE, there was no evidence for a difference (P > 0.100) in final BW. The lack of BW response is most likely due to the lower (Quadratic; P < 0.008) removal rate as SID Lysine:Calorie NE increased. Carcass ADG (Linear; P < 0.064) tended to improve as SID Lysine: Calorie NE increased. An improvement in carcass G:F (Quadratic; P < 0.004) was observed as SID Lysine:Calorie NE increased to 100% PIC (2016) recommendations, with little improvement observed thereafter. No significant differences were observed in carcass yield, loin depth, back fat, or % lean. These results suggests that DNA sired pigs fed increasing SID Lysine:Calorie NE ratios tended to have improved growth performance with no impact on carcass quality.

The effects of supplementing beef cows grazing cornstalk residue with a dried distillers grain based cube on cow and calf performance1

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 540-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Warner ◽  
J.L. Martin ◽  
Z.C. Hall ◽  
L.M. Kovarik ◽  
K.J. Hanford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cows ◽  
Distillers Grain ◽  
Dried Distillers Grain

scholarly journals 41 Effect of grazing cotton crop residue versus Bermudagrass on performance and economic parameters in late gestation beef cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
Dylan B Davis ◽  
Shane r Hernandez ◽  
Lawton Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The residual lint, seed, and leaf remaining after cotton harvest was evaluated as a feedstuff to reduce the amount of hay fed to beef cows during early winter. A study was conducted utilizing 36 crossbred Angus cross cows (BW 491.04 kg) in late gestation. Cows were stratified by weight and randomly assigned to one of four groups, and each group was assigned to one of two treatments: Bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon) (HAY), or cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) crop residue + Bermudagrass hay (COTTON). All cattle remained on their respective treatments for 30 d, and BW were recorded before and after the feeding period. Hand-grab samples were collected of cotton residue in each field to quantify residue available at the beginning of grazing. Available residue in the cotton groups were 783.17 kg/acre and 911.13 kg/acre. Core samples were collected from each bale of a single lot of hay. The same lot of hay was used for both treatments. Hay was offered ad libitum for the HAY treatment, and hay was offered to the COTTON treatment, starting on d 19. A completely randomized design was used and data were analyzed using a one way analysis of variance. The CP, NDF, and ADF values for hay and cotton residue were 12.3, 62, and 37%, and 23.5, 66, and 57%, respectively. Average daily gain (1.02 and 0.60 kg) and average weight change (34.5 and 20.4 kg) were higher (P < 0.003) for HAY compared to COTTON cows; however, their subsequent calving and breeding performance in the herd were not affected. Average daily hay disappearance for COTTON (5.90 kg/hd) was lower (P < 0.02) compared to HAY (17.19 kg/hd). Overall daily hay cost per head was lower (P < 0.01) for COTTON compared to HAY ($0.65 and $1.89, respectively). These data show that grazing cotton crop residue can reduce feed cost in late gestation beef cows.

scholarly journals Evaluation of nutritional plans for meat quail

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirceu Neuztzling Griep Júnior ◽  
Adriana Aparecida Pereira ◽  
Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior ◽  
Rosineide Silva de Alcântara ◽  
Wilson Araújo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Feed Conversion

In this study, we evaluated three nutritional plans for quail from 1 to 42 days of age on performance, carcass quality, and economic viability. A total of 210 European quail were distributed into three treatments in a randomized complete design with five replicates and 14 birds in each plot. The following three treatments were tested: nutritional plan 1 - one diet, provided from 1 to 42 days of age; nutritional plan 2 - two diets, provided from 1 to 21 and 22 to 42 days of age; and nutritional plan 3 - three diets, provided from 1 to 14, 15 to 35, and 36 to 42 days of age. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Student Newman Keuls (SNK) test at the 5% probability level. At 42 days of age, one bird from each sex, of each experimental unit, was slaughtered to evaluate the yields of carcass, breast, legs, and abdominal fat. Nutritional plans per rearing stage with two or three diets provided similar production performances and better feed conversion than the plan including only one diet. Studied carcass characteristics did not differ between treatments. The nutritional plan with three diets provided the best economic viability. The best nutritional plan for meat quail was that containing three types of diet, because it provided a lower cost with feed per kilogram of quail produced without compromising performance or carcass characteristics.

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