scholarly journals 38 Effect of Breed on Dairy Calf Vigor from Birth to Preweaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 62-62
Author(s):  
Michelle P Meza ◽  
Caitlin M Turner ◽  
Chad M Powers ◽  
Andrea K Sexten
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Mucus Membrane ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Head Shake ◽  
Meconium Staining ◽  
Weight Data

Abstract There is a stigma in the dairy industry that Brown Swiss calves are not as quick to stand and nurse following birth compared to other dairy breeds. The objective of this study is to determine if Brown Swiss calves are less vigorous at birth and if this affects their health status and early calf growth compared with the dairy industry’s most prominent breed, the Holstein. All calves (n = 25) were scored shortly after birth using a modified Apgar scoring system used for infants. Thirteen parameters divided into 5 categories were evaluated to determine overall vigor of each calf. These included visual scores for meconium staining and swelling of the head; initial mobility scores for time to lift head, time to stand, and ear position; general responsiveness scores included strength of the suckling reflex, head shake in response to straw in nasal cavity, tongue withdrawal when pinched, and eye reflex; oxygenation score for mucus membrane color; rates scores included heart rate, respiration rate, and temperature. In addition to the vigor scoring, a weight was taken at birth and 2 weeks post calving. Jugular blood samples were collected at birth, 24 hours later, and at 2 weeks of age, and serum was stored for later analysis of haptoglobin and IgG concentration. Vigor scores and weight data were analyzed by breed using the mixed procedure in SAS. The vigor score for suckling reflex was lower (P = 0.04) for Brown Swiss calves (1.69, n = 12) than Holstein calves (2.39, n = 13). A weakened suckling reflex can lead to more challenges when consuming colostrum. Early colostrum intake is vital to obtaining passive immunity and maintaining health status in young calves. All other vigor scores collected for the Brown Swiss and Holstein calves did not differ (P > 0.05).

scholarly journals 39 Effect of Breed on Dairy Calf Vigor from Birth to Preweaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
Michelle P Meza ◽  
Caitlin M Turner ◽  
Chad M Powers ◽  
Andrea K Sexten
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Mucus Membrane ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Head Shake ◽  
Meconium Staining ◽  
Weight Data

Abstract There is a stigma in the dairy industry that Brown Swiss calves are not as quick to stand and nurse following birth compared to other dairy breeds. The objective of this study is to determine if Brown Swiss calves are less vigorous at birth, and does this impact their health status and early calf growth compared with the dairy industry’s most prominent breed, the Holstein. All calves (n = 25) were scored shortly after birth using a modified Apgar scoring system used for infants. Thirteen parameters divided into 5 categories were evaluated to determine overall vigor of each calf, these included visual scores for meconium staining and swelling of the head; initial mobility scores for time to lift head, time to stand, and ear position; general responsiveness scores included strength of the suckling reflex, head shake in response to straw in nasal cavity, tongue withdrawal when pinched, and eye reflex; oxygenation score for mucus membrane color; rates scores included heart rate, respiration rate, and temperature. In addition to the vigor scoring a weight was taken at birth and 2 weeks post calving. Jugular blood samples were collected at birth, 24 hours later, and at 2 weeks of age and serum was stored for later analysis of haptoglobin and IgG concentration. Vigor scores and weight data were analyzed by breed using the mixed procedure in SAS. The vigor score for suckling reflex was lower (P = 0.04) for Brown Swiss calves (1.69, n = 12) than Holstein calves (2.39, n = 13). A weakened suckling reflex can lead to more challenges when consuming colostrum. Early colostrum intake is vital to obtaining passive immunity and maintaining health status in young calves. All other vigor scores collected for the Brown Swiss and Holstein calves did not differ (P > 0.05).

The effect of thermally activated natural zeolite on colostral IgGl, IgM and Aga absorption in newborn Holstein calves

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 210-210
Author(s):  
A. A. Sadeghi ◽  
A. Nikkhah ◽  
P. Shawrang
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Ion Exchanger ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Open Cavities ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Neonatal Calves

Neonatal calves are born with no immunoglobulins (Igs) in the blood stream and rely on Ig from colostrum through passive immunity transfer. Unfortunately, transfer of passive immunity to neonatal calves is too often inadequate, resulting in excessive rates of morbidity and mortality. Natural zeolite is characterized by framework of linked tetra hydration enclosing open cavities in the form of channels, and cages with ion exchanger and adsorption capacity. In literature, there were reported that thermally activated natural zeolite (T-zeolite) could increase colostral IgG absorption and decrease susceptibility of neonates to infections (Sadeghi et al., 2004; Stojic et al., 1995). To our knowledge, little information is available concerning the effect of thermally activated natural zeolite on colostral IgG1, IgM and IgA absorption in neonates. Our experiment was designed to investigate the effect of thermally activated natural zeolite on colostral IgG1, IgM and IgA absorption in newborn Holstein calves.

Dairy calf growth performance when fed a modified accelerated milk replacer program

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittney M. Jaeger ◽  
David Ziegler ◽  
Daniel Schimek ◽  
Bruce Ziegler ◽  
Hugh Chester-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Calf Growth

RESPONSE TO WEANING AT TWO TO FIVE WEEKS OF AGE BY THE YOUNG DAIRY CALF

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. WINTER
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Holstein Calves

In two experiments Ayrshire and Holstein bull calves were weaned off whole milk onto dry feed at various ages, ranging from 14 to 35 days, to determine the earliest age at which calves may be weaned successfully. Ayrshire calves were weaned at 14, 21 and 35 days with no significant differences in weight gains or feed intake to 15 wk of age. Holstein calves were weaned off whole milk or fermented colostrum at 17, 21, 24, 28 and 35 days of age with no significant differences in weight gains and feed intake to 12 wk of age. Also, the feeding of either fresh whole milk or fermented colostrum did not sigificantly affect animal performance. Several calves weaned at less than 21 days, in each experiment, refused to eat dry feed. Post-weaning deaths of several calves weaned at 21 days were attributed to prolonged pre-weaning scours or illness at time of weaning. It was concluded that healthy male calves may be weaned successfully at 21 days of age but weaning should be delayed for calves afflicted with scours or other illness. Agressive eaters may be weaned as early as 14 days of age but some calves weaned at less than 21 days of age may encounter problems in adapting to dry feed.

scholarly journals Feeding an amino acid formulated milk replacer for Holstein calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Bai ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Kayla Hultquist ◽  
Jianping Wu ◽  
David P Casper
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Similar Growth

Abstract The milk-fed calf has a requirement for amino acids (AA) instead of crude protein (CP); however, most milk replacers (MR) are still formulated for CP concentrations. Previous work has demonstrated that feeding a modified MR (24:20; CP:fat @ 0.64 kg/d) improved calf growth performance compared with standard (20:20 @ 0.57 kg/d) and accelerated MR (26:16 @ 0.78 kg/d). The 56-d study objective was to determine if feeding an MR formulated using synthetic AA to achieve the AA concentrations of a 24:20 MR while reducing CP results in similar or enhanced growth performance and/or reduce cost compared with standard MR formulations. Eighty 3- to 5-d-old Holstein bull calves received in two lots (40) within the same week were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to one of four MR treatments consisting of 20:20 (20), 22:20 (22), 24:20 (24), and a 22:20 having the AA concentrations of the 24, but with reduced CP (22AA). All MR contain decoquinate and were fed at 0.57 kg/calf daily split into 2×/d feeding for 14 d via bucket, increased to 0.85 kg/calf daily in two feedings until 35 d, and then fed 1×/d at 0.41 kg/calf daily with weaning after day 42. Calves were housed in straw-bedded hutches with ad libitum access to water and pelleted calf starter (CS). All data were statistically analyzed as a randomized complete block design with block considered random with week as a repeated measurement. Initial BW was similar (P > 0.10) across all treatments (42.4 ± 2.2 kg). Calves fed 22AA MR demonstrated greater (P < 0.05) BW compared with calves fed the 24 MR, and calves fed the 20 and 22 MR being intermediate and similar (P > 0.10; 78.7, 78.8, 76.5, and 81.8 kg for 20, 22, 24, and 22AA, respectively). CS intake was greater (P < 0.05) for calves fed 22AA (0.74, 0.78, 0.65, and 0.81 kg/d) compared with calves fed the 20 and 24, but similar (P > 0.10) to calves fed 22. Calves fed 24 MR demonstrated the lowest CS intake. This study demonstrates that similar growth performance can be achieved by feeding an AA fortified MR having a lesser CP concentration, which might reduce feed costs.

scholarly journals Indicators of passive immunity and health status of calves

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 513-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozica Jezek ◽  
Maria Nemec ◽  
T. Malovrh ◽  
Martina Klinkon
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Passive Immunity

scholarly journals 202 Dietary supplementation with a blend of essential oils and a proprietary cobalt source along monensin may be antagonistic to growth performance of Holstein yearling bulls

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Yan Bai ◽  
Xia Lang ◽  
Cailian Wang ◽  
Xiaolei Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Growth Experiment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Main Factors

Abstract Our previous work has indicated that feeding a blend of essential oils and a proprietary cobalt source (EOC) in combination with monensin (MON) may not be mutually beneficial to dairy calf growth performance. To evaluate this observation further, a 240 d long-term growth experiment was conducted using 12 young growing Holstein bulls using a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. Main factors were EOC (Rum-A-Fresh, Ralco, Inc., Marshall, MN) and monensin (MON; Norvikon Biotechnology Co., Hunan, China) arranged in 4 treatments: 1) Control: ration fed without EOC or MON; 2) EOC: EOC fed at 26 mg/kg DM; 3) MON: MON fed at 25 mg/kg DM; and 4) EOC+MON: EOC and MON fed in combination. Holstein bulls were 70 d of age and similar in BW (93.3 ± 4.54 kg) and individually fed for 280 d. Body weights, frame measurements, and blood samples were collected monthly. Interactions of EOC by MON were detected for BW, BW gain, ADG, and a trend for feed conversion. Bulls fed EOC or MON demonstrated greater final BW (367.7, 385.2, 381.2, and 357.5 kg for Control, EOC, MON, and EOC+MON, respectively), while BW gains (277.2, 291.5, 284.8, and 265.2 kg) and ADG (1.16, 1.22, 1.19, 1.11 kg/d) were greatest for bulls fed EOC or MON compared with bulls fed EOC+MON, with bulls fed Control being intermediate and similar to bulls fed MON. Intake of DM was greater for bulls fed EOC (6.55, 6.99, 6.60, and 6.42 kg/d) compared with bulls fed remaining treatments. Feeding EOC or MON separately can improve growth performance of growing Holstein bulls. Why the combination of EOC and MON is antagonistic to growth performance of Holstein bulls is unknown.

scholarly journals Systematic early obstetrical assistance at calving: I. Effects on dairy calf stillbirth, vigor, and passive immunity transfer

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 691-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Villettaz Robichaud ◽  
D.L. Pearl ◽  
S.M. Godden ◽  
S.J. LeBlanc ◽  
D.B. Haley
Keyword(s):  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Dairy Calf
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