scholarly journals 98 Impact of social mixing on feedlot steer eating and lying behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 63-64
Author(s):  
Amanda J Hubbard ◽  
Jason Sawyer ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Jenny Jennings ◽  
Courtney L Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Social Mixing ◽  
Tactile Contact ◽  
Mixing Proportion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This study evaluated the impact of mixing cattle from two sources of feedlot steers (n = 96) on feeding and lying behavior. Angus crossbred steers (n = 48 McG and n = 48 BCS), similar in genetic composition, were transported (833.64 ± 85.29 km) to a feedlot 39-d prior to mixing where the two sources were housed without visual or tactile contact. Steers, blocked by source and stratified by d -34 body weight, were randomly assigned to one of 12 pens (n = 8 steers/pen) for the 42-d study. Pens were assigned to one of two treatments (n = 6 pens/treatment): 1) NOMIX—100% of cattle from McG (n = 3 pens) or BCS (n = 3 pens) and, 2) MIX—50% of cattle from BCS and 50% from McG (n = 6 pens). Instantaneous scan sampling (n = 61 scans/d; 10 min intervals) recorded the number of steers per pen eating and lying on d1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 36, and 37 after mixing. Proportion of steers lying varied across time (P < 0.0001); however, a greater proportion of steers laid down on d1 compared to d7, 8, 9, 16, and 28 (P < 0.03). The proportion of steers observed eating increased over time (P < 0.0001). Fewer steers ate on d1 than d9, 14, 15, 28, 29, and 36 (all P < 0.01). More steers were observed eating on d8 and 16 than the first seven days (all P < 0.01) and on d37 than the first 6 days (all P < 0.02). While there was no impact of mixing, data indicate that handling and sorting cattle into new pens impacts eating and lying behavior and it takes approximately a week for behavior to stabilize.

scholarly journals 99 Impact of social mixing on feedlot steer eating and lying behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
Amanda J Hubbard ◽  
Jason Sawyer ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Jenny Jennings ◽  
Courtney L Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Social Mixing ◽  
Tactile Contact ◽  
Mixing Proportion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This study evaluated the impact of mixing cattle from two sources of feedlot steers (n = 96) on feeding and lying behavior. Angus crossbred steers (n = 48 McG and n = 48 BCS), similar in genetic composition, were transported (833.64 ± 85.29 km) to a feedlot 39-d prior to mixing where the two sources were housed without visual or tactile contact. Steers, blocked by source and stratified by d -34 body weight, were randomly assigned to one of 12 pens (n = 8 steers/pen) for the 42-d study. Pens were assigned to one of two treatments (n = 6 pens/treatment): 1) NOMIX—100% of cattle from McG (n = 3 pens) or BCS (n = 3 pens) and, 2) MIX—50% of cattle from BCS and 50% from McG (n = 6 pens). Instantaneous scan sampling (n = 61 scans/d; 10 min intervals) recorded the number of steers per pen eating and lying on d1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 36, and 37 after mixing. Proportion of steers lying varied across time (P < 0.0001); however, a greater proportion of steers laid down on d1 compared to d7, 8, 9, 16, and 28 (P < 0.03). The proportion of steers observed eating increased over time (P < 0.0001). Fewer steers ate on d1 than d9, 14, 15, 28, 29, and 36 (all P < 0.01). More steers were observed eating on d8 and 16 than the first seven days (all P < 0.01) and on d37 than the first 6 days (all P < 0.02). While there was no impact of mixing, data indicate that handling and sorting cattle into new pens impacts eating and lying behavior and it takes approximately a week for behavior to stabilize.

scholarly journals Dietary Tomato Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis in the TRAMP Model of Prostate Cancer but Is Not Protective With a Western-Style Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 260-260
Author(s):  
Catherine Applegate ◽  
Matthew Lowerison ◽  
Emma Hambley ◽  
Pengfei Song ◽  
John Erdman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Angiogenesis ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Mouse Prostate ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the interplay between tomato powder (TP), incorporated into control (CON) and obesogenic (OB) diets, and PCa tumor growth and blood perfusion over time in a transgenic model of PCa. We hypothesized that TP would be protective against PCa growth. Methods Diets (either CON [17.2% kcal from fat] or OB [44.6% kcal from fat] both with and without 10% TP) were fed to transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice (n = 5/dietary group) from weaning. Tumor growth was monitored by weekly ultrasound scanning, at which time novel ultrasound microvessel images (UMI) were captured to quantitatively measure tumor blood perfusion over time. Animals were euthanized after 5 weeks of tumor growth, and tissues were collected for measurement of protein (HIF-1α, TNFα) and gene (ar, srd5a1, srd5a2) expression. Data were analyzed to determine differences between CON diets (without TP + with 10% TP) and OB diets (without TP + with 10% TP) and to evaluate the impact of 10% TP on outcome measures both independent of TP (No TP vs. TP) as well as within CON and OB diets (interaction effect of diet*TP) by mixed model ANCOVA with body weight as a covariate. Results UMI results showed good agreement with gold-standard immunohistochemistry quantification of endothelial cell density, indicating that this technique can be applied to non-invasively and longitudinally monitor tumor blood perfusion in vivo. Greater body weight (P = 0.029) and OB diets (P = 0.008) were associated with earlier age at tumor detection, and greater body weight was positively associated with tumor growth (P = 0.001). TP significantly inhibited prostate tumor angiogenesis (P = 0.043), but this inhibition differentially affected measured outcomes depending on CON or OB diets. TP led to reduced tumor growth (P = 0.004), intratumoral inflammation (TNFα; P = 0.019), and intratumoral androgen-regulated gene expression (srd5a1, srd5a2; P = 0.030 and P = 0.016, respectively) when incorporated with the CON diet but greater tumor growth and intratumoral gene expression when incorporated with the OB diet. Conclusions Results from this study show that protective benefits from dietary tomato are lost, or may become deleterious, when combined with a Western-style diet. Funding Sources CA was supported by the NIH NIBIB. MRL and PS were partially supported by NIH NCI.

scholarly journals A randomised controlled trial of the 5:2 diet

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0258853
Author(s):  
Peter Hajek ◽  
Dunja Przulj ◽  
Francesca Pesola ◽  
Hayden McRobbie ◽  
Sarrah Peerbux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Group Support ◽  
Management Advice ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Objective The 5:2 diet is a popular intermittent energy restriction method of weight management that awaits further evaluation. We compared the effects of one-off 5:2 instructions with the effects of one-off standard multicomponent weight-management advice; and also examined whether additional behavioural support enhances 5:2 adherence and efficacy compared to one-off instructions. Methods Three hundred adults with obesity were randomised to receive a Standard Brief Advice (SBA) covering diet and physical activity (N = 100); 5:2 self-help instructions (5:2SH) (N = 100); or 5:2SH plus six once-weekly group support sessions (N = 100). Participants were followed up for one year. Results Adherence to 5:2SH was initially high (74% at 6 weeks), but it declined over time (31% at 6 months and 22% at one year). 5:2SH and SBA achieved similar weight-loss at six months (-1.8kg (SD = 3.5) vs -1.7kg (SD = 4.4); b = 0.23, 95%CI:-0.79–1.27, p = 0.7) and at one year (-1.9kg (SD = 4.9) vs -1.8kg (SD = 5.7), b = 0.20, 95%CI:-1.21–1.60, p = 0.79), with 18% vs 15% participants losing ≥5% of their body weight with 5:2SH and SBA, respectively at one year (RR = 0.83, 95%CI:0.44–1.54, p = 0.55). Both interventions received positive ratings, but 5:2SH ratings were significantly higher. 5:2SH had no negative effect on fat and fiber intake and physical activity compared to SBA. Compared to 5:2SH, 5:2G generated a greater weight loss at 6 weeks (-2.3kg vs -1.5kg; b = 0.74, 95%CI:1.37–0.11, p = 0.02), but by one year, the difference was no longer significant (-2.6kg vs -1.9kg, p = 0.37; ≥5% body weight loss 28% vs 18%, p = 0.10). Conclusions Simple 5:2 advice and multicomponent weight management advice generated similar modest results. The 5:2 diet did not undermine other health behaviours, and it received more favourable ratings. Adding initial group support enhanced 5:2 adherence and effects, but the impact diminished over time. Health professionals who provide brief weight management advice may consider including the 5:2 advice as an option. Trial registration ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN79408248).

scholarly journals PSII-28 Impact of commingling on feedlot steer productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 245-246
Author(s):  
Amanda J Hubbard ◽  
Jason Sawyer ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Courtney L Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This study evaluated the impact of commingling two sources of cattle on productivity during the feedlot phase of production. Angus crossbred steers (n = 96), similar in genetic composition and age, from two research stations (n = 48 McG and n = 48 BCS) were transported (833.64 ± 85.29 km) to a feedlot 39-d prior to study commencement. Steers were blocked by source and stratified by d -34 body weight (BW) before being randomly assigned to one of 12 pens (n = 8 steers/pen) for the 42-d study. Pens were assigned to one of two treatments (n = 6 pens/treatment): 1) NOMIX—100% of cattle from either McG (n = 3 pens) or 100% of cattle from BCS (n = 3 pens) and, 2) MIX—50% of cattle from BCS and 50% from McG (n = 6 pens). Body weight was collected on d0, on d24, and at the end of the study on d42. Orthogonal contrasts analyzed effects of commingling (NOMIX vs. MIX) and source (BCS vs. McG) on dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain to feed (G:F). Linear mixed models (PROC MIXED) evaluated impact of source × treatment on ADG. No effects of commingling (P > 0.05) or source (P > 0.05) were detected on DMI (MIX 8.25, BCS 8.70, McG 8.14 kg/steer/day), ADG (MIX: 1.48, BCS: 1.67, McG: 1.59 kg/steer), and G:F (MIX: 0.18, BCS: 0.19, McG: 0.19). There was no effect of source × treatment on ADG (P > 0.05); however, McG-MIX had the smallest ADG (1.42 kg/steer) compared to BCS-MIX, BCS-NOMIX, and McG-MIX (1.61, 1.59, and 1.60 kg/steer, respectively). Source and mixing treatment did not statistically impact productivity or efficiency, however, mixed cattle were numerically less productive than non-mixed cattle, and the impact of mixing on productivity may vary by source.

The Therapist’s Reaction to a Patient’s Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Martin Wurst ◽  
Isabella Kunz ◽  
Gregory Skipper ◽  
Manfred Wolfersdorf ◽  
Karl H. Beine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Retrospective Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: A substantial proportion of therapists experience the loss of a patient to suicide at some point during their professional life. Aims: To assess (1) the impact of a patient’s suicide on therapists distress and well-being over time, (2) which factors contribute to the reaction, and (3) which subgroup might need special interventions in the aftermath of suicide. Methods: A 63-item questionnaire was sent to all 185 Psychiatric Clinics at General Hospitals in Germany. The emotional reaction of therapists to patient’s suicide was measured immediately, after 2 weeks, and after 6 months. Results: Three out of ten therapists suffer from severe distress after a patients’ suicide. The item “overall distress” immediately after the suicide predicts emotional reactions and changes in behavior. The emotional responses immediately after the suicide explained 43.5% of the variance of total distress in a regression analysis. Limitations: The retrospective nature of the study is its primary limitation. Conclusions: Our data suggest that identifying the severely distressed subgroup could be done using a visual analog scale for overall distress. As a consequence, more specific and intensified help could be provided to these professionals.

Decreased Platelet-Free Dopamine and Unchanged Noradrenaline and Adrenaline in Essential Hypertension

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (02) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
S E Kjeldsen ◽  
K Gjesdal ◽  
P Leren ◽  
I K Eide
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Catecholamine Synthesis ◽  
Hypertensive Group ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Normotensive Control

SummaryThe content of free-catecholamines in blood platelets is much higher than in plasma and platelet catecholamines must be taken up from plasma, since platelets lack the enzymes for catecholamine synthesis. There is some evidence that platelet catecholamine content under certain circumstances may be an integrated measure of plasma catecholamine concentrations over time. Platelet-free catecholamines were therefore assayed in 18 untreated patients with essential hypertension and in 16 normotensive control subjects. Mean platelet-free dopamine in the hypertensive group was 3.7 ± 0.4 pg/mg platelet weight, i.e. significantly less than the 6.5 ± 0.9 pg/mg found in the normotensive (p <0.005). Platelet contents of noradrenaline and adrenaline did not differ. Decreased platelet-free dopamine and unchanged platelet noradrenaline and adrenaline persisted after adjustment for increased body weight in the hypertensive group. Although the reasons for decreased platelet-free dopamine in the hypertensive group remain unknown, this finding may add to previous result showing facilitated release of granular contents from blood platelets in patients with essential hypertension. Our data do not support platelet levels of free-catecholamines to be a marker of increased sympathetic tone in essential hypertension.

Has Aid Helped in Pakistan?

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4II) ◽  
pp. 947-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrukh Rafi Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This paper has a two-fold objective: first, to examine the terms on which Pakistan receives aid and whether its debt situation is sustainable, and second, to examine the impact of aid and debt on economic growth. It is found that there is little encouraging that can be said about how the terms on which Pakistan has received aid over time have changed, and its current debt situation is not sustainable. Also reported is the analysis done elsewhere which shows that aid has a negative (Granger) causal impact on GDP, and aid has a robust negative impact on economic growth after controlling for supplyside shocks. We provide various reasons for this negative association.

The Role of Vascular Aging in Atherosclerotic Plaque Development and Vulnerability

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (29) ◽  
pp. 3098-3111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Liberale ◽  
Giovanni G. Camici
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Plaque Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: The ongoing demographical shift is leading to an unprecedented aging of the population. As a consequence, the prevalence of age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications is set to increase in the near future. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffening characterize arterial aging and set the stage for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerotic plaques evolve over time, the extent to which these changes might affect their stability and predispose to sudden complications remains to be determined. Recent advances in imaging technology will allow for longitudinal prospective studies following the progression of plaque burden aimed at better characterizing changes over time associated with plaque stability or rupture. Oxidative stress and inflammation, firmly established driving forces of age-related CV dysfunction, also play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and rupture. Several genes involved in lifespan determination are known regulator of redox cellular balance and pre-clinical evidence underlines their pathophysiological roles in age-related cardiovascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Objective: The aim of this narrative review is to examine the impact of aging on arterial function and atherosclerotic plaque development. Furthermore, we report how molecular mechanisms of vascular aging might regulate age-related plaque modifications and how this may help to identify novel therapeutic targets to attenuate the increased risk of CV disease in elderly people.

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