A randomised controlled trial of the 5:2 diet

Objective The 5:2 diet is a popular intermittent energy restriction method of weight management that awaits further evaluation. We compared the effects of one-off 5:2 instructions with the effects of one-off standard multicomponent weight-management advice; and also examined whether additional behavioural support enhances 5:2 adherence and efficacy compared to one-off instructions. Methods Three hundred adults with obesity were randomised to receive a Standard Brief Advice (SBA) covering diet and physical activity (N = 100); 5:2 self-help instructions (5:2SH) (N = 100); or 5:2SH plus six once-weekly group support sessions (N = 100). Participants were followed up for one year. Results Adherence to 5:2SH was initially high (74% at 6 weeks), but it declined over time (31% at 6 months and 22% at one year). 5:2SH and SBA achieved similar weight-loss at six months (-1.8kg (SD = 3.5) vs -1.7kg (SD = 4.4); b = 0.23, 95%CI:-0.79–1.27, p = 0.7) and at one year (-1.9kg (SD = 4.9) vs -1.8kg (SD = 5.7), b = 0.20, 95%CI:-1.21–1.60, p = 0.79), with 18% vs 15% participants losing ≥5% of their body weight with 5:2SH and SBA, respectively at one year (RR = 0.83, 95%CI:0.44–1.54, p = 0.55). Both interventions received positive ratings, but 5:2SH ratings were significantly higher. 5:2SH had no negative effect on fat and fiber intake and physical activity compared to SBA. Compared to 5:2SH, 5:2G generated a greater weight loss at 6 weeks (-2.3kg vs -1.5kg; b = 0.74, 95%CI:1.37–0.11, p = 0.02), but by one year, the difference was no longer significant (-2.6kg vs -1.9kg, p = 0.37; ≥5% body weight loss 28% vs 18%, p = 0.10). Conclusions Simple 5:2 advice and multicomponent weight management advice generated similar modest results. The 5:2 diet did not undermine other health behaviours, and it received more favourable ratings. Adding initial group support enhanced 5:2 adherence and effects, but the impact diminished over time. Health professionals who provide brief weight management advice may consider including the 5:2 advice as an option. Trial registration ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN79408248).

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Effect of the Mediterranean diet with and without weight loss on surrogate markers of cholesterol homeostasis in men with the metabolic syndrome

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511003436 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 107 (5) ◽

pp. 705-711 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Caroline Richard ◽

Patrick Couture ◽

Sophie Desroches ◽

Suzanne Benjannet ◽

Nabil G. Seidah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Control Diet ◽

Cholesterol Absorption ◽

Energy Restriction ◽

Surrogate Markers ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The Impact

The mechanisms implicated in the LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering effects of the Mediterranean-type diet (MedDiet) are unknown. The present study assessed the impact of the MedDiet consumed under controlled feeding conditions, with and without weight loss, on surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption, synthesis and clearance using plasma phytosterols, lathosterol and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 (PCSK9) concentrations, respectively, in men with the metabolic syndrome. The subjects' diet (n19, 24–62 years) was first standardised to a baseline North American control diet (5 weeks) followed by a MedDiet (5 weeks), both under weight-maintaining isoenergetic feeding conditions. The participants then underwent a 20-week free-living energy restriction period (10 (sd3) % reduction in body weight,P < 0·01), followed by the consumption of the MedDiet (5 weeks) under controlled isoenergetic feeding conditions. The LDL-C-lowering effect of the MedDiet in the absence of weight loss ( − 9·9 %) was accompanied by significant reductions in plasma PCSK9 concentrations ( − 11·7 %,P < 0·01) and in the phytosterol:cholesterol ratio ( − 9·7 %,P < 0·01) compared with the control diet. The addition of weight loss to the MedDiet had no further impact on plasma LDL-C concentrations and on these surrogate markers of LDL clearance and cholesterol absorption. The present results suggest that the MedDiet reduces plasma LDL-C concentrations primarily by increasing LDL clearance and reducing cholesterol absorption, with no synergistic effect of body weight loss in this process.

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Weight Management and Weight Loss Strategies of Professional Jockeys

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.12.1.1 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jan M. Moore ◽

Anna F. Timperio ◽

David A. Crawford ◽

Cate M. Burns ◽

David Cameron-Smith

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Management ◽

Weight Control ◽

Response Rate ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Management Plan ◽

Rapid Weight Loss ◽

Additional Weight ◽

The Impact

Jockeys are required to maintain very low body weight and precise weight control during competition. This study examined the weight loss and weight management strategies of professional horseracing jockeys in the state of Victoria, Australia. An anonymous, self-completed questionnaire was administered (55% response rate, n=116). Almost half (43%) reported that maintaining riding weight was difficult or very difficult, with 75% routinely skipping meals. In preparation for racing, 60% reported that they typically required additional weight loss, with 81% restricting food intake in the 24 hours prior to racing. Additionally, sauna-induced sweating (29%) and diuretics (22%) were frequently employed to further aid in weight loss prior to racing. These rapid weight loss methods did not differ between the 51% of jockeys who followed a weight management plan compared to those who did not. The impact of these extreme weight loss practices on riding performance and health remains unknown.

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Associations between dairy consumption and body weight: a review of the evidence and underlying mechanisms

Nutrition Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s095442241000034x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 72-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Anestis Dougkas ◽

Christopher K. Reynolds ◽

Ian D. Givens ◽

Peter C. Elwood ◽

Anne M. Minihane

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Dairy Product ◽

Energy Restriction ◽

Appetite Regulation ◽

Dairy Consumption ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

The Impact

As the incidence of obesity is reaching ‘epidemic’ proportions, there is currently widespread interest in the impact of dietary components on body-weight and food intake regulation. The majority of data available from both epidemiological and intervention studies provide evidence of a negative but modest association between milk and dairy product consumption and BMI and other measures of adiposity, with indications that higher intakes result in increased weight loss and lean tissue maintenance during energy restriction. The purported physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of dairy constituents on adiposity are incompletely understood but may include effects on lipolysis, lipogeneis and fatty acid absorption. Furthermore, accumulating evidence indicates an impact of dairy constituents, in particular whey protein derivatives, on appetite regulation and food intake. The present review summarises available data and provides an insight into the likely contribution of dairy foods to strategies aimed at appetite regulation, weight loss or the prevention of weight gain.

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Use of Mobile Phone App Interventions to Promote Weight Loss: Meta-Analysis (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.17039 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Md.Mohaimenul Islam ◽

Tahmina Nasrin Poly ◽

Bruno Andres Walther ◽

Yu-Chuan (Jack) Li

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Mobile Phone ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mobile App ◽

Control Group ◽

Promote Weight Loss ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND Obesity and lack of physical activity are major health risk factors for many life-threatening diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. The use of mobile app interventions to promote weight loss and boost physical activity among children and adults is fascinating owing to the demand for cutting-edge and more efficient interventions. Previously published studies have examined different types of technology-based interventions and their impact on weight loss and increase in physical activity, but evidence regarding the impact of only a mobile phone app on weight loss and increase in physical activity is still lacking. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a mobile phone app intervention for reducing body weight and increasing physical activity among children and adults. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Web of Science electronic databases were searched for studies published between January 1, 2000, and April 30, 2019, without language restrictions. Two experts independently screened all the titles and abstracts to find the most appropriate studies. To be included, studies had to be either a randomized controlled trial or a case-control study that assessed a mobile phone app intervention with body weight loss and physical activity outcomes. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool was used to examine the risk of publication bias. RESULTS A total of 12 studies involving a mobile phone app intervention were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, the use of a mobile phone app was associated with significant changes in body weight (−1.07 kg, 95% CI −1.92 to −0.21, P=.01) and body mass index (−0.45 kg/m2, 95% CI −0.78 to −0.12, P=.008). Moreover, a nonsignificant increase in physical activity was observed (0.17, 95% CI −2.21 to 2.55, P=.88). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study demonstrate the promising and emerging efficacy of using mobile phone app interventions for weight loss. Future studies are needed to explore the long-term efficacy of mobile app interventions in larger samples.

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A Clinical Trial to Increase Self-Monitoring of Physical Activity and Eating Behaviors Among Adolescents: Protocol for the ImPACT Feasibility Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.18098 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Justin B Moore ◽

Joshua R Dilley ◽

Camelia R Singletary ◽

Joseph A Skelton ◽

David P Miller Jr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Weight Management ◽

Management Program ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Weight Management Program ◽

Management Protocol ◽

Pediatric Weight Management ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND Severe obesity among youths (BMI for age≥120th percentile) has been steadily increasing. The home environment and parental behavioral modeling are two of the strongest predictors of child weight loss during weight loss interventions, which highlights that a family-based treatment approach is warranted. This strategy has been successful in our existing evidence-based pediatric weight management program, Brenner Families in Training (Brenner FIT). However, this program relies on face-to-face encounters, which are limited by the time constraints of the families enrolled in treatment. OBJECTIVE This study aims to refine and test a tailored suite of mobile health (mHealth) components to augment an existing evidence-based pediatric weight management program. METHODS Study outcomes will include acceptability from a patient and clinical staff perspective, feasibility, and economic costs relative to the established weight management protocol alone (ie, Brenner FIT vs Brenner FIT + mHealth [Brenner mFIT]). The Brenner mFIT intervention will consist of 6 mHealth components designed to increase patient and caregiver exposure to Brenner FIT programmatic content including the following: (1) a mobile-enabled website, (2) dietary and physical activity tracking, (3) caregiver podcasts (n=12), (4) animated videos (n=6) for adolescent patients, (5) interactive messaging, and (6) in-person tailored clinical feedback provided based on a web-based dashboard. For the study, 80 youths with obesity (aged 13-18 years) and caregiver dyads will be randomized to Brenner FIT or Brenner mFIT. All participants will complete baseline measures before randomization and at 3- and 6-month follow-up points. RESULTS This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board in July 2019, funded in August 2019, and will commence enrollment in April 2020. The results of the study are expected to be published in the fall/winter of 2021. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study will be used to inform a large-scale implementation-effectiveness clinical trial. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT PRR1-10.2196/18098

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Use of Mobile Phone App Interventions to Promote Weight Loss: Meta-Analysis

JMIR mhealth and uhealth ◽

10.2196/17039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. e17039

Author(s):

Md Mohaimenul Islam ◽

Tahmina Nasrin Poly ◽

Bruno Andres Walther ◽

Yu-Chuan (Jack) Li

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Mobile Phone ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mobile App ◽

Control Group ◽

Promote Weight Loss ◽

The Impact

Background Obesity and lack of physical activity are major health risk factors for many life-threatening diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. The use of mobile app interventions to promote weight loss and boost physical activity among children and adults is fascinating owing to the demand for cutting-edge and more efficient interventions. Previously published studies have examined different types of technology-based interventions and their impact on weight loss and increase in physical activity, but evidence regarding the impact of only a mobile phone app on weight loss and increase in physical activity is still lacking. Objective The main objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a mobile phone app intervention for reducing body weight and increasing physical activity among children and adults. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Web of Science electronic databases were searched for studies published between January 1, 2000, and April 30, 2019, without language restrictions. Two experts independently screened all the titles and abstracts to find the most appropriate studies. To be included, studies had to be either a randomized controlled trial or a case-control study that assessed a mobile phone app intervention with body weight loss and physical activity outcomes. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool was used to examine the risk of publication bias. Results A total of 12 studies involving a mobile phone app intervention were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, the use of a mobile phone app was associated with significant changes in body weight (−1.07 kg, 95% CI −1.92 to −0.21, P=.01) and body mass index (−0.45 kg/m2, 95% CI −0.78 to −0.12, P=.008). Moreover, a nonsignificant increase in physical activity was observed (0.17, 95% CI −2.21 to 2.55, P=.88). Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrate the promising and emerging efficacy of using mobile phone app interventions for weight loss. Future studies are needed to explore the long-term efficacy of mobile app interventions in larger samples.

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A Clinical Trial to Increase Self-Monitoring of Physical Activity and Eating Behaviors Among Adolescents: Protocol for the ImPACT Feasibility Study

JMIR Research Protocols ◽

10.2196/18098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. e18098

Author(s):

Justin B Moore ◽

Joshua R Dilley ◽

Camelia R Singletary ◽

Joseph A Skelton ◽

David P Miller Jr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Weight Management ◽

Management Program ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Weight Management Program ◽

Management Protocol ◽

Pediatric Weight Management ◽

The Impact

Background Severe obesity among youths (BMI for age≥120th percentile) has been steadily increasing. The home environment and parental behavioral modeling are two of the strongest predictors of child weight loss during weight loss interventions, which highlights that a family-based treatment approach is warranted. This strategy has been successful in our existing evidence-based pediatric weight management program, Brenner Families in Training (Brenner FIT). However, this program relies on face-to-face encounters, which are limited by the time constraints of the families enrolled in treatment. Objective This study aims to refine and test a tailored suite of mobile health (mHealth) components to augment an existing evidence-based pediatric weight management program. Methods Study outcomes will include acceptability from a patient and clinical staff perspective, feasibility, and economic costs relative to the established weight management protocol alone (ie, Brenner FIT vs Brenner FIT + mHealth [Brenner mFIT]). The Brenner mFIT intervention will consist of 6 mHealth components designed to increase patient and caregiver exposure to Brenner FIT programmatic content including the following: (1) a mobile-enabled website, (2) dietary and physical activity tracking, (3) caregiver podcasts (n=12), (4) animated videos (n=6) for adolescent patients, (5) interactive messaging, and (6) in-person tailored clinical feedback provided based on a web-based dashboard. For the study, 80 youths with obesity (aged 13-18 years) and caregiver dyads will be randomized to Brenner FIT or Brenner mFIT. All participants will complete baseline measures before randomization and at 3- and 6-month follow-up points. Results This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board in July 2019, funded in August 2019, and will commence enrollment in April 2020. The results of the study are expected to be published in the fall/winter of 2021. Conclusions The results of this study will be used to inform a large-scale implementation-effectiveness clinical trial. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/18098

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Abstract P456: Examining Framingham Coronary Heart Disease 10-year Risk Reduction in Individuals Treated With Lorcaserin, a Selective 5HT 2C Receptor Agonist for Weight Management

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.70.suppl_1.p456 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Russell Knoth ◽

Xuan Li ◽

Debanjana Chatterjee ◽

Ken Fujioka

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Weight Management ◽

Receptor Agonist ◽

Low Risk ◽

Baseline Risk ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

One Year ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Obesity contributes significantly to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and weight management is associated with CVD risk reduction. Lorcaserin, a selective 5HT 2C receptor agonist, is indicated as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increase physical activity for weight management in adults with obesity (BMI≥30) and overweight (BMI 27-29.9 and ≥1 weight-related comorbidity). This analysis used the Framingham 10-year CVD risk to examine the impact of lorcaserin treatment on CVD risk and risk reduction. Method: Pooled data from two randomized, double-blind studies (BLOOM & BLOSSOM) investigating the efficacy of lorcaserin vs. placebo among non-diabetic patients with overweight or obesity, were used in this analysis. Framingham CVD risk was calculated for those whose lipid values were available at baseline and at one year. A Framingham CVD risk of <5% was classified as low risk. Patients were stratified by cohort, lorcaserin (LOR) vs. placebo (PBO) and response at week 12 (≥5% weight loss vs. < 5%) for calculating the 10-year CVD risk at one year. Logistic regression was used to adjust for baseline risk and determine if proportional differences in risk reduction were significant. Results: A total of 5,658 patients were evaluated, 51% treated with LOR. Among the LOR-treated patients, 43% achieved ≥5% weight loss at week 12 (compared to 19% treated with PBO). At one year, more patients in the LOR cohort had reduced CVD risk (from high to low risk, 21% vs. 15%, respectively). The regression analysis showed LOR-treated patients were 34% more likely to have low CVD risk (p<0.001). Similarly, for patients who lost ≥5% baseline body weight at 12 weeks, more patients in the LOR cohort had reduced CVD risk (from high to low risk, 26% vs. 16% respectively) at one year. The regression showed LOR-treated patients were 23% more likely to have low CVD risk (p<0.05). Conclusion: The analysis suggests that patients treated with LOR are more likely to have low CVD risk at one year than those treated with PBO. The effect is magnified if patients have ≥5% weight loss at 12 weeks.

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Aerobic Gymnastics Intervention on BMI, Abdominal Circumference and Lipid Profile in DMPA Acceptance

EMBRIO ◽

10.36456/embrio.v13i1.3163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Khobibah ◽

Budi Astyandini ◽

Mimi Ruspita

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Before And After ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

One Year ◽

The Impact

The risk of obesity and hypertension is associated with the influence of the hormone estrogen and the impact of the use of contraceptives. Use over one year is at risk of 1.36 times overweight, and will continue to increase in use over seven years (8.3 times). An important component for weight loss is aerobic exercise, so expected BMI, triglycerides, total cholesterol. LDL and HDL under normal conditions. Interventions in the form of treadmills, aerobic gymnastics or ergocycle. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of aerobic gymnastics BMI, abdominal circumference and lipid profile of KB DMPA acceptors. The design was the quasi-experimental research (one group pretest posttest design). Pretest BMI, abdominal circumference, cholesterol, HDL and LDL were performed before and after the acceptor performed aerobic gymnastics a total of 16 meetings with a frequency of 3 times per week. The sample numbered 31 people. Data analysis using t-test and Wilcoxon. The results showed that aerobic gymnastics had no significant effect on BMI (p=0.818) and HDL (p=0.416) but had no significant effect on decreased abdominal fat (p=0.002), cholesterol (p = 0.044) and LDL (p=0.030). This recommendation of research is the need for routine physical activity such as aerobic gymnastics for DMPA KB acceptors so as to reduce complaints due to the side effects of DMPA contraceptives.

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Effect of Body Mass Index (BMI) At Diagnosis On Survival Patterns of Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v120.21.3182.3182 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 120 (21) ◽

pp. 3182-3182 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kristen M. Sanfilippo ◽

Tracey Beason ◽

Su-Hsin Chang ◽

Suhong Luo ◽

Graham A Colditz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

The United States ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Health Administration ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Survival Patterns ◽

One Year ◽

The Impact

Abstract Abstract 3182 Background: Two thirds of the adult population in the United States (US) is either overweight or obese based on BMI. Elevated BMI has been associated with an increased risk of death from hematologic malignancies, including MM. This occurs through modification of MM disease incidence, survival after diagnosis, or a combination of the two. Limited data is available on the impact of BMI at diagnosis on mortality in patients with MM. We used a retrospective cohort to evaluate the impact of BMI at diagnosis on survival patterns in MM patients treated at US VHA hospitals. Methods: The VHA Central Cancer Registry was used to identify electronic records of 5,013 patients diagnosed with MM between October 1998 and December 2009. To minimize misclassification bias (remove patients with monoclonal gammopathy and smoldering myeloma) we excluded patients who did not receive therapy within 6 months of diagnosis of MM. Patients without weight and height measurements within 1 month of diagnosis were also excluded, resulting in an analytic cohort of 2,968 patients. Results: Table 1 demonstrates baseline characteristics of the analytic cohort, including stratification by BMI. Based on BMI at time of diagnosis, Cox modeling showed a reduction in mortality for overweight (BMI 25 to <30) and obese (BMI ≥30) patients, (hazard ratio for death [HR], 0.82; 95% CI: 0.75–0.91 and 0.75; 95% CI: 0.67–0.84, respectively), compared to normal weight patients (BMI 18.5 to <25) after controlling for age and co-morbidities. Underweight (BMI <18.5) was associated with a higher mortality compared to normal weight (HR, 1.64; 95% CI: 1.30–2.08). To examine the potential confounder of disease related weight loss, we obtained weight information one year before diagnosis in a subset of the analytic cohort (n=1,983). Patients who lost more than 10% of their body weight over the year before diagnosis, compared to those who did not, had higher mortality (HR, 1.58; 95% CI: 1.41–1.78). When analyzed by BMI one year before diagnosis, the association between obesity and decreased mortality was lost (HR: 0.93, 95% CI 0.81–1.07), while patients who were overweight had only borderline significance in mortality reduction (HR: 0.87, 95% CI 0.76–0.99). Conclusion: MM patients who are overweight or obese at the time of diagnosis had decreased mortality compared to those who are normal-weight. In an effort to understand the influence of disease-related weight loss on this observation, we examined weight one year before diagnosis and found the association was no longer present in obese patients and only borderline present in overweight patients. This coupled with the observation that patients who lost 10% or more of their body weight in the year leading up to diagnosis had increased mortality (HR 1.58) suggests that disease-related weight loss is a major driver of the decreased survival seen in patients with a lower BMI at diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that disease related weight loss in the time leading up to diagnosis is associated with decreased survival in MM. The mechanisms by which disease related weight loss drives a poorer prognosis cannot be determined in a population-based study. Understanding the causative mechanisms may improve our understanding of the biology of MM as well as biomarkers associated with decreased overall survival in MM. Disclosures: Vij: Millennium: Speakers Bureau.

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