The Impact of Race/Ethnicity on the Outcomes of Burn Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Peters ◽  
Mariel S Bello ◽  
Leigh Spera ◽  
T Justin Gillenwater ◽  
Haig A Yenikomshian
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Native American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Insurance Status ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Racial and ethnic disparities are endemic to the United States and are only beginning to attract the attention of researchers. With an increasingly diverse population, focused and tailored medicine to provide more equitable care is needed. For surgical trauma populations, this topic is a small but expanding field and still rarely mentioned in burn medicine. Disparities in prevention, treatment, and recovery outcomes between different racial and ethnic minorities who are burned are rarely discussed. The purpose of this study is to determine the current status of identified disparities of care in the burn population literature and areas of future research. A systematic review was conducted of literature utilizing PubMed for articles published between 2000-2020. Searches were used to identify articles that crossed the burn term (burn patient OR burn recovery OR burn survivor OR burn care) and a race/ethnicity and insurance status-related term (race/ethnicity OR African-American OR Black OR Asian OR Hispanic OR Latino OR Native American OR Indigenous OR Mixed race OR 2 or more races OR socioeconomic status OR insurance status). Inclusion criteria were English studies in the US that discussed disparities in burn injury outcomes or risk factors associated with race/ethnicity. 1,169 papers were populated, 55 were reviewed, and 36 articles met inclusion criteria. Most studies showed minorities had poorer inpatient and outpatient outcomes. While this is a concerning trend, there is a paucity of literature in this field and more research is needed to create culturally-tailored medical care and address the needs of disadvantaged burn survivors.

594 Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Burn Patient Outcomes: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S148-S149
Author(s):  
Jasmine N Peters ◽  
Mariel S Bello ◽  
Leigh J Spera ◽  
Justin Gillenwater ◽  
Haig A Yenikomshian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Native American ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Injury Outcomes ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

Abstract Introduction Racial and ethnic disparities in outcomes for surgical trauma populations has been an expanding field in recent years. Despite this, disparities in prevention, treatment, and recovery outcomes for burn patients of racial and ethnic minority backgrounds have not been well-studied. Our study aims to review the literature regarding risk factors and burn outcomes among racial and ethnic minority populations to develop culturally-tailored burn care for minority burn patients. Methods A systematic review of literature utilizing PubMed was conducted for articles published between 2000–2020. Searches were used to identify articles that crossed the burn term (burn patient OR burn recovery OR burn survivor OR burn care) and a race/ethnicity and insurance status-related term (race/ethnicity OR African-American OR Asian OR Hispanic OR Latino OR Native American OR Mixed race OR 2 or more races OR socioeconomic status OR insurance status). Inclusion criteria were English studies in the U.S. that discussed disparities in burn injury outcomes or burn injury risk factors associated with race/ethnicity. Results 1,031 papers were populated, and 38 articles were reviewed. 26 met inclusion criteria (17 for adult patients, 9 for pediatric patients). All but 4 of the included papers were written in the last 10 years. 17 of the 26 articles describe differences in outcomes or risk factors for Black Americans, 8 discuss Latinx, 5 discuss Native Americans, 3 discuss Asian Americans, and 1 referred to “Non-White” minorities, collectively. Majority of studies showed that racial and ethnic minorities (vs. Whites) exhibited poorer burn injury outcomes such as higher mortality rates, greater scar complications, and longer duration for length of stay. Conclusions Few studies exist on outcomes for minority burn populations. Interestingly, most have been published in the last 10 years, which may indicate a trend in increased awareness. There is also a discrepancy in which minorities are included in each study with the least amount of data collected on Asian, Latinx, and Native American communities. More research with a larger base of minority populations will help further investigate this problem and develop better culturally-appropriate burn treatment.

scholarly journals Systematic Review: Recommendations of Levels of Physical Activity among Colorectal Cancer Patients (2010–2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2896
Author(s):  
Jineui Hong ◽  
Jungmin Park
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Recommended Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Background: It is necessary to engage in an appropriate level of physical activity to improve the prognoses of colorectal cancer patients, yet no guidelines currently exist. The goals of this systematic review are to determine the impact of levels of physical activity on the prognoses of colorectal cancer patients and to suggest recommended guidelines for levels of physical activity. Methods: This systematic review was conducted along PRISMA guidelines. Per the inclusion criteria, papers published in academic journals in English from 2010 to 2019 were selected. A literature search was performed on PubMed (Medline), and the results of the selected studies were qualitatively synthesized. Results: Of the 13 cohort studies included in this systematic review, most studies were conducted in the United States (N = 7). Immobility or low levels of physical activity adversely affected the prognoses of colorectal cancer patients. Contrarily, high levels of physical activity increased the survival rate in people with colorectal cancer. Conclusion: For colorectal cancer patients, a level of physical activity of 17.5 to 35 MET hours per week is strongly recommended, which has been shown to reduce mortality by approximately 30 to 40%. Patients with limited physical capacity should maintain a minimum level of physical activity (≥3.5 MET hours/week).

scholarly journals Efficacy of hydrofibre dressing following total joint arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 112070002110126
Author(s):  
Raman Mundi ◽  
Harman Chaudhry ◽  
Seper Ekhtiari ◽  
Prabjit Ajrawat ◽  
Daniel M Tushinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Total Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Observable Effect ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: In the United States, over 1,000,000 total joint arthroplasty (TJA) surgeries are performed annually and has been forecasted that this number will exceed 4,000,000 by the year 2030. Many different types of dressing exist for use in TJA surgery, and it is unclear if any of the newer, hydrofibre dressings are superior to traditional dressings at reducing rates of infections or improving wound healing. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of hydrofiber dressings on reducing complications. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using the online databases MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing hydrofibre dressings to a standard dressing were included. Summary measures are reported as odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Our primary outcome was prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Secondary outcomes included blisters, dressing changes and wound irritation. Results: 5 RCTs were included. Hydrofibre dressing had no observable effect on PJI or wound irritation (OR 0.53; 95% CI, 0.14–1.98; p = 0.35). Hydrofibre dressings reduced the rate of blisters (OR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.14–0.90; p = 0.03) and number of dressing changes (MD -1.89; 95% CI, -2.68 to -1.11). Conclusions: In conclusion, evidence suggests hydrofibre dressings have no observable effect on PJI and wound irritation. Evidence for reduction in blisters and number of dressings is modest given wide CIs and biased trial methodologies. Use of hydrofibre dressings should be considered inconclusive for mitigating major complications in light of current best evidence.

Focal Concerns and Police Decision Making in Sexual Assault Cases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802199128
Author(s):  
David S. Lapsey ◽  
Bradley A. Campbell ◽  
Bryant T. Plumlee
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Campbell Collaboration ◽  
Focal Concerns ◽  
Police Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Sexual assault and case attrition at the arrest stage are serious problems in the United States. Focal concerns have increasingly been used to explain police decision making in sexual assault cases. Because of the popularity of the focal concerns perspective and potential to inform evidence-based training, a systematic review and meta-analysis are needed to condense the literature. In this study, we assess the overall strength of the relationship between focal concerns variables and police decisions to arrest in cases of sexual assault. Our assessment of the effects of focal concerns variables on arrest decision making in sexual assault cases followed the systematic review protocols provided by the Campbell Collaboration of Systematic Reviews. Specifically, we used the Campbell Collaboration recommendations to search empirical literature and used meta-analysis to evaluate the size, direction, and strength of the impact of focal concerns variables on arrest decisions. Our search strategy detected 14 eligible studies and 79 effect sizes. The meta-analysis found several robust and statistically significant correlates of arrest. In fact, each focal concerns concept produced at least one robust arrest correlate. Overall, focal concerns offers a strong approach for explaining police decisions in sexual assault cases. Although practical concerns and resource constraints produced the strongest arrest correlates, results show the importance of additional case characteristics in officers’ decision to arrest.

scholarly journals The health and relationship dynamics of late-life couples: a systematic review of the literature

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUTH B. WALKER ◽  
MARY A. LUSZCZ
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Late Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health It ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Marital Relations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adequate Communication

ABSTRACTLate-life husband and wife relationships are increasingly recognised as an important factor in promoting wellbeing, particularly in terms of the health, social, emotional, financial and practical needs of older people. Knowledge of marital dynamics and how they affect both members of a couple remains scarce. This systematic review aimed to identify and appraise research that has focused explicitly on the dynamics of the relationship, as evinced by data frombothspouses. Implementing rigorous identification strategies, 45 articles were identified and reviewed. These studies were grouped into three broad thematic areas: marital relations and satisfaction; concordance in emotional state or physical health; and the interplay between marital quality and wellbeing. The issues found to affect marital relations and satisfaction in late life included equality of roles, having adequate communication, and transitions to living apart. There is strong evidence for couple concordance in depression, that marital relationships affect ill-health, longevity and recovery from illness, and reciprocally that ill-health impacts on the marriage itself. The research also suggests important gender differences in the impact of marital dynamics on health. It has led to the conclusion that there is a need for more diverse studies of late-life marriages, particularly ones that examine the dynamics of non-traditional elderly couples and that extend beyond a predominant focus on the Caucasian population of the United States.

P–004 Effect of varicocelectomy on sperm DNA fragmentation rates in infertile men with clinical varicocele: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Tenori. Lir. Neto ◽  
M Roque ◽  
S Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Study question Does varicocelectomy improve sperm DNA quality in men with infertility and clinically detected varicoceles? Summary answer Varicocelectomy reduces sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) rates in infertile men with clinical varicocele. What is known already Varicocele has been linked to male infertility through various non-mutually exclusive mechanisms, including an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that may lead to sperm DNA damage. Damage to sperm DNA may result in longer time-to-pregnancy, unexplained infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and failed intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Therefore, interventions aimed at decreasing SDF rates, including varicocele repair, have been explored to improve fertility and pregnancy outcomes potentially, either by natural conception or using medically assisted reproduction. Study design, size, duration Systematic review and meta-analysis Participants/materials, setting, methods We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Our systematic search included PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Scielo, and Google Scholar to identify all relevant studies written in English and published from inception until October 2020. Inclusion criteria were studies comparing SDF rates before and after varicocelectomy in infertile men with clinical varicocele. Articles were included if the following SDF assays were utilized: SCSA, TUNEL, SCD test, or alkaline Comet. Main results and the role of chance Thirteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were selected for the analysis. The estimated weighted mean difference of SDF rates after varicocelectomy was –6.58% (13 studies, 95% CI –8.33%, –4.84%; I2=90% p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant decrease in SDF rates using SCSA (eight studies, WMD –6.80%, 95% CI –9.31%, –4.28%; I2=89%, p < 0.0001), and TUNEL (three studies, WMD –4.86%, 95% CI –7.38%, –2.34%; I2=89%, p < 0.0001). The test for subgroup difference revealed that pooled results were conservative using the above SDF assays. Comet and SCD tests were used in only one study each; thus, a meta-analysis was not applicable. The studies were further categorized by the surgical technique (microsurgical versus non-microsurgical). This subgroup analysis showed a significant decrease in SDF rates using microsurgical technique (10 studies, WMD –6.70%, 95% CI –9.04%, –4.37%; I2=91%, p < 0.0001). After varicocelectomy, SDF rates were also decreased when non-microsurgical approaches were used, albeit the effect was not statistically significant (2 studies, WMD –6.84%, 95% CI –10.05%, 1.38%; I2=86%) (Figure 3). The heterogeneity was not materially affected by performing analyses by the above subgroups, suggesting that the SDF assay and surgical technique do not explain the inconsistency in the treatment effect across primary studies. Limitations, reasons for caution There were no randomized controlled trials comparing varicocelectomy to placebo for alleviating SDF levels. Heterogeneity was high, which may be explained by the low number of included studies. Pregnancy data are not available in most studies, thus the impact of reduced SDF after varicocelectomy on pregnancy rates unclear. Wider implications of the findings: Our study indicates a positive association between varicocelectomy and reduced postoperative SDF rates in men with clinical varicocele and infertility, independentetly of the assays used to measure SDF. These findings may help counsel and manage infertile men with varicocele and high SDF levels. Trial registration number Not applicable

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Stroke Incidence: A Systematic Review

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011892
Author(s):  
Yeonwoo Kim ◽  
Erica Twardzik ◽  
Suzanne E. Judd ◽  
Natalie Colabianchi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo summarize overall patterns of the impact of neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) on incidence stroke and uncover potential gaps in the literature, we conducted a systematic review of studies examining the association between nSES and incident stroke, independent of individual socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsFour electronic databases and reference lists of included articles were searched, and corresponding authors were contacted to locate additional studies. A keyword search strategy included the three broad domains of neighborhood, SES, and stroke. Eight studies met our inclusion criteria (e.g., nSES as an exposure, individual SES as a covariate, and incident stroke as an outcome). We coded study methodology and findings across the eight studies.ResultsThe results provide evidence for the overall nSES and incident stroke association in Sweden and Japan, but not within the United States. Findings were inconclusive when examining the nSES-incident stroke association stratified by race. We found evidence for the mediating role of biological factors in the nSES-incident stroke association.ConclusionsHigher neighborhood disadvantage was found to be associated with higher stroke risk, but it was not significant in all the studies. The relationship between nSES and stroke risk within different racial groups in the United States was inconclusive. Inconsistencies may be driven by differences in covariate adjustment (e.g., individual-level sociodemographic characteristics, neighborhood-level racial composition). Additional research is needed to investigate potential intermediate and modifiable factors of the nSES and incident stroke association, which could serve as intervention points.

Race, Ethnicity, and the Scarr-Rowe Hypothesis: A Cautionary Example of Fringe Science Entering the Mainstream

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Giangrande ◽  
Eric Turkheimer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Ethnic Group Differences ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Mean Differences

In 2020, Pesta et al. published “Racial and ethnic group differences in the heritability of intelligence: A systematic review and meta-analysis” in Intelligence. The authors frame their analysis as an examination of the Scarr-Rowe hypothesis, which holds that the heritability of intelligence varies as a function of socioeconomic status. Pesta et al. (2020) conclude that the heritability of intelligence does not differ across racial and ethnic groups in the United States. They claim their results challenge the Scarr-Rowe hypothesis and support the hereditarian position that mean differences in IQ among racial and ethnic groups are attributable to genetic differences rather than environmental disparities. In this reply, we outline severe theoretical, methodological, and rhetorical flaws in every step of Pesta et al.’s meta-analysis. The most reliable finding Pesta et al. report is consistent with the Scarr-Rowe hypothesis and directly contradicts a hereditarian understanding of group differences in intelligence. Finally, we suggest that Pesta et al. (2020) serves as an example of how racially motivated and poorly executed work can find its way into a mainstream scientific journal, underscoring the importance of robust peer review and rigorous editorial judgement in the open science era.

A systematic review of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with people with intellectual disabilities: an unsafe gap in the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Crompton ◽  
Bethany Duncan ◽  
Graham Simpson-Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to systematically review the available evidence that explores adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in people with intellectual disabilities (PwID). It is important to systematically review this literature as, to date, there is little known about the number of studies in this area, despite the World Health Organization declaring ACE prevention and support as a global public health priority. Design/methodology/approach Published studies were identified from electronic database searches. Key journals and reference lists were also hand searched. Findings Two studies met the inclusion criteria and the prevalence and frequency of ACEs experienced by participants of these studies analysed. Overall, due to the small number of studies meeting the inclusion criteria, it is difficult to establish any meaningful conclusions. Originality/value This appears to be the first systematic review to try and identify a research base looking at the prevalence of ACEs within a PwID population. Findings suggest that this is a highly neglected area of research, and the authors hope to have identified that further evidence is required to draw clearer conclusions about the impact of ACEs on PwID.

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