A Gamification Approach to Improving Interpersonal Situational Awareness in Cyber Defense

In cyber threat situations, the establishment of a shared situational awareness as a basis for cyber defense decision-making results from adequate communication of a Recognized Cyber Picture (RCP). RCPs consist of actively selected information and have the goal of accurately presenting the severity and potential consequences of the situation. RCPs must be communicated between individuals, but also between organizations, and often from technical to non-/less technical personnel. The communication of RCPs is subject to many challenges that may affect the transfer of critical information between individuals. There are currently no common best practices for training communication for shared situational awareness among cyber defense personnel. The Orient, Locate, Bridge (OLB) model is a pedagogic tool to improve communication between individuals during a cyber threat situation. According to the model, an individual must apply meta-cognitive awareness (O), perspective taking (L), and communication skills (B) to successfully communicate the RCP. Gamification (applying game elements to non-game contexts) has shown promise as an approach to learning. We propose a novel OLB-based Gamification design to improve dyadic communication for shared situational awareness among (technical and non-technical) individuals during a cyber threat situation. The design includes the Gamification elements of narrative, scoring, feedback, and judgment of self. The proposed concept contributes to the educational development of cyber operators from both military and civilian organizations responsible for defending and securing digital infrastructure. This is achieved by combining the elements of a novel communication model with gamification in a context in urgent need for educational input.

Addressing Acute Stress among Professionals Caring for COVID-19 Patients: Lessons Learned during the First Outbreak in Spain (March–April 2020)

Objectives: To describe lessons learned during the first COVID-19 outbreak in developing urgent interventions to strengthen healthcare workers’ capacity to cope with acute stress caused by health care pressure, concern about becoming infected, despair of witnessing patients’ suffering, and critical decision-making requirements of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic during the first outbreak in Spain. Methods: A task force integrated by healthcare professionals and academics was activated following the first observations of acute stress reactions starting to compromise the professionals’ capacity for caring COVID-19 patients. Literature review and qualitative approach (consensus techniques) were applied. The target population included health professionals in primary care, hospitals, emergencies, and nursing homes. Interventions designed for addressing acute stress were agreed and disseminated. Findings: There are similarities in stressors to previous outbreaks, and the solutions devised then may work now. A set of issues, interventions to cope with, and their levels of evidence were defined. Issues and interventions were classified as: adequate communication initiative to strengthen work morale (avoiding information blackouts, uniformity of criteria, access to updated information, mentoring new professionals); resilience and recovery from physical and mental fatigue (briefings, protecting the family, regulated recovery time during the day, psychological first aid, humanizing care); reinforce leadership of intermediate commands (informative leadership, transparency, realism, and positive messages, the current state of emergency has not allowed for an empirical analysis of the effectiveness of proposed interventions. Sharing information to gauge expectations, listening to what professionals need, feeling protected from threats, organizational flexibility, encouraging teamwork, and leadership that promotes psychological safety have led to more positive responses. Attention to the needs of individuals must be combined with caring for the teams responsible for patient care. Conclusions: Although the COVID-19 pandemic has a more devastating effect than other recent outbreaks, there are common stressors and lessons learned in all of them that we must draw on to increase our capacity to respond to future healthcare crises.

Impact of Powered Air-Purifying Respirator Devices on Word Recognition in Health Care Providers

The coronavirus 2019 pandemic has increased the use of powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) devices, which produce appreciable noise levels during filtration. Our objective was to determine if active PAPR usage significantly impairs auditory communication in health care providers. We additionally sought to assess what volume of speech presentation was required for adequate communication with providers wearing a PAPR. In subjects with normal hearing at baseline, audiometric data demonstrated a 93% (95% CI, 86%-99%) decrease in word recognition scores during active PAPR usage. Presentation at 85 to 90 dB was needed to obtain word recognition scores similar to baseline in subjects with normal hearing without a PAPR. Pure tone averages also significantly decreased with PAPR usage, by 54 dB (95% CI, 46-62). Active PAPR usage has a substantial impact on auditory perception when utilized by health care providers. The potential longer-term effect of these devices on providers with regular active usage is of interest for future study.

Extracurricular classes on the study of historical and cultural monuments of England

Successful training depends not only on active vocabulary but mainly on the presentation of cultural material about England. First of all - from the general information about the greatest ancient-architecture as a whole which can be successfully solved during non-school time. With the maximum use of intellectual and creative abilities of adolescence, including adequate communication and education activities of adolescents. The article reveals the contents of new technologies, non-traditional and original, innovative methods, modern information tools that are effectively used in extracurricular activities, primarily for the development of intellectual and creative activities of teenagers - precisely not included in the teaching scope - on potentially-effective material about monuments of history and culture (Great Britain, England).

Susceptibility of agency judgments to social influence

The experience of agency refers to the phenomenal experience of being the causal source of one’s own actions, and through them, the course of events in the outside world. This experience is crucial for the production of adaptive actions, and for the adequate communication of felt action control to peers. The present study examines the possibility that, on certain occasions and under specific internal and external constraints, people rely on explicit social information provided by their peers to revise their self-reports of perceived control, i.e., their judgment of agency. Specifically, we used a novel ecological task based on an interactive computer game. We manipulated well-known sensorimotor agency cues related to action control, as well as social information communicated to participants by two advisors. We measured the contributions of social and non-social sources of information to agency judgments. We found that at the single-trial level, participants align their JoA with advisor feedback based on their own performance during the task, the type of feedback provided by advisors, and the interaction of this social feedback with the sensorimotor agency cues. At the same time, JoA alignment in previous trial also predicted participants’ tendency to revise their JoA after social feedback. Overall, these results demonstrate that agency judgment is subject to social influence. This influence is the result of the integration of social and non-social information at the scale of a single judgment, while also being driven by repeated past interactions with peers.

Controversies Surrounding Medical Clearance in Psychiatry Patients: evidence, recommendations, and potential approach

Background: Despite the evidence and guidelines recommending otherwise, routine testing remains pervasive in the management of patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) for behavioral complaints, under the guise of medical clearance (MC). The aim of this review is to highlight the evidence available concerning routine laboratory testing in psychiatry patients presenting to the ED, underline available guidelines, list possible reasons for over-testing, and propose a possible approach based on all the evidence and recommendations. Methods: Electronic database searches were carried out in Medline/PubMed and Google Scholar with the period set from January 1, 1990 to March 1, 2021. The search process was focused on studies where MC was evaluated in the management of patients presenting for psychiatric complaints to the ED. The references listed in each identified article were also screened and manually searched. Results: 14 relevant studies were found with the majority evaluating the impact of routine laboratory testing on the management and disposition of adults in the ED presenting for an acute psychiatric condition. Two studies investigated the use of a screening tool to rule out the presence of acute medical illness. Conclusion: While ED physicians are faced with many challenges such as litigation and fear of diagnostic uncertainty, few solutions have been proposed. A suggested approach relies on history taking, physical examination, and assessment of mentation to evaluate for the presence of an organic etiology requiring further testing. Adequate communication between the ED physician and psychiatrist, along with shared decision-making are also key to optimizing care.

Prospects for the application of active learning methods in modern education

The article examines the prospects for the application of active learning methods in modern education. The survey shows that the prospects for the application of active learning methods in modern education are conditioned by the influence of different factors. These factors can be divided into several groups: comprehensive organization of teaching, building adequate communication, the use of new learning technologies, organization of personality-oriented education and teamwork. The survey showed that there are real and potential barriers for teachers to use innovative teaching methods, but there is no serious paradox. There is no doubt that there is an intensive interest in the prospects and future of the application of active learning methods in modern education and their application in education. When choosing a teaching method, teachers' ability to use this method and local conditions should be taken into account.

THE UTILIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY BASED ON ZOOM MEETING AND GOOGLE CLASSROOM IN THE PANDEMIC ERA

This research aims at how Zoom Meeting and Google Classroom media are used as technology media that could be a learning solution in this Covid-19 era. The method used in this study was based on qualitative research based on case studies, where the authors analyzed the collected data to be used as primary data sources in further research. The problem faced by institutions during the pandemic was that there were still most students who did not have adequate communication tools and internet network access. The ineffectiveness of using Zoom Meeting and Google Classroom learning media at the One Roof Middle School in Lontar was caused by the economic level of the parents of students, most of whom rely financially on seafood, so that most of the students found it difficult to provide supporting infrastructure for online learning. In addition, there were still many students who were clueless in the field of information technology (IT), making it difficult for them to operate the two online learning platforms.

Quantitative and Qualitative Perspectives of Siblings of Children With Cochlear Implants

Purpose The sibling relationship teaches children to navigate social interactions with their peers. However, the presence of an exceptionality, such as hearing loss, in one child can affect the dynamic of this relationship. This article examines quantitative and qualitative effects of having a brother or sister with a cochlear implant (CI) on siblings with typical hearing (TH) to determine how children with TH perceive their sibling with a CI and how having a CI user in the family affects the sibling's activities, emotions, and parental attention. Method Participants include 36 siblings with TH ( M age = 11.6 years) of CI users ( M age = 11.9 years) who completed quantitative measures of their perspectives of their brother/sister with CIs and the effect of hearing loss on themselves. Siblings with TH also could express their opinions via open-ended prompts. Results Overall, siblings with TH express positive perspectives of their brother/sister with CIs and report having a CI user in the family does not affect them much, particularly if the CI user has adequate communication skills. Responses to both quantitative and qualitative items converge on the close relationship between siblings but diverge relative to differential attention from parents (i.e., open-ended responses suggest parents spend more time with the CI user than the sibling with TH). Additionally, siblings acknowledge the presence of social communication deficits of the CI user in real-world situations. Conclusion This nuanced look at relationships among the parent, CI user, and sibling with TH highlights the importance of understanding the family system when working with children with hearing loss.

Psychometric properties of the Attitudes towards Medical Communication Scale in nursing students

Background Adequate communication skills in healthcare professionals are one of the key elements required for achieving high-quality healthcare. Thus, measurement instruments able to assess the dimensions related to these skills, including attitudes towards communication, are useful and convenient tools. Objectives To (a) cross-culturally adapt and validate a scale to measure attitudes towards communication in a sample of nursing students in the Spanish environment; (b) describe the perceived attitudes of nursing degree students towards communication. Methods We conducted an instrumental study. First, we adapted the scale by applying a standardised linguistic validation procedure. After that, we determined its structural equivalence and evaluated its psychometric properties. Participants A total of 255 students participated; their average age was 22.66 years (SD = 4.75) and 82% were female. Results The internal consistency of the scale was adequate (0.75), and the data fit well with the model (CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.99; RMSEA = .01 95% CI [.00–.05]). The overall instrument score poorly correlated with the self-efficacy in communication skills variable. Conclusions The attitudes towards communication scores for these nursing students were high. The Spanish version of the Attitudes Towards Health Communication scale had adequate psychometric properties and this tool could quickly and easily be applied to assess the attitudes of health profession students.