Factors Influencing Cold Hardiness during Overwintering of Streltzoviella insularis (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1254-1261
Author(s):  
Jiahe Pei ◽  
Chengcheng Li ◽  
Lili Ren ◽  
Shixiang Zong
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Biochemical Basis

Abstract Streltzoviella insularis (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) is a woodboring pest that severely damages urban and plain afforestation trees in northern China. Cold hardiness is an important strategy for the insect to survived during low winter temperatures. Understanding the strategy of S. insularis might provide insights for pest management approaches. To assess the key factors affecting cold hardiness, we measured the supercooling point, freezing point, total water content, total fat content, glycogen content, and total protein content of overwintering larvae. The relationships between supercooling points, temperature, body size, and nutrients were analyzed. The results showed that the supercooling point and freezing point of the larvae decreased first, reached the lowest point in January, and then increased during the rest of the overwintering period. The supercooling point positively correlated with the daily average temperature and the daily minimum temperature. Total lipid content negatively correlated with the supercooling point, while glycogen content had a significant positive correlation with the supercooling point. The temperature may have a major impact on cold hardiness, whereas individual body size may have no significant influence over cold tolerance. During the overwintering process, glycogen and total lipid contents may directly affect cold hardiness. Therefore, the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism may play a role in the cold tolerance of S. insularis larvae. This study provides a physiological and biochemical basis for future metabolic studies on S. insularis larva and the research of overwintering strategies.

Cold tolerance of insects and other arthropods

1990 ◽  
Vol 326 (1237) ◽  
pp. 613-633 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Locomotory Activity ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Ice Nucleators

Arthropods, as poikilotherms, adapt to cold environments in a variety of ways that include extension of locomotory activity to low temperatures, enhancement of metabolic rate and maintenance of a positive energy balance whenever possible. The ecological implications for many such animals are extension of the life cycle and a requirement for an individual to overwinter several times. Prolonged sub-zero temperatures increase the risk of tissue freezing, and two main strategies have been evolved, first avoidance of freezing by supercooling, and secondly, tolerance of extracellular ice. In the first strategy, freezing is invariably lethal and extensive supercooling (to — 30 °C and below) occurs through elimination or masking of potential ice nucleators in the body and accumulation of cryoprotective substances such as polyhydric alcohols and sugars. Such species are termed freezing intolerant. The second strategy, freezing tolerance, is uncommon in arthropods and other invertebrates, and usually occurs in a single life stage of a species. Freezing of liquid in the extracellular compartment is promoted by proteinaceous ice nucleators. Freezing is therefore protective, and the lethal temperature is well below the supercooling point in freezing tolerant individuals, whereas in most freezing intolerant species it is close to or at the supercooling point. Proteins also act as antifreezes in insects of both strategies, producing a thermal hysteresis by lowering the freezing point of haemolymph in a non-colligative fashion while not affecting the melting point temperature. Recent studies and developments in arthropod cold tolerance are discussed against this background, and a broader approach than hitherto is advocated, which integrates ecological information with physiological data.

THE EFFECT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE STORAGE ON THE CAPACITY OF AN ICE-NUCLEATING-ACTIVE BACTERIUM AND FUNGUS TO REDUCE INSECT COLD-TOLERANCE

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Fields ◽  
Stéphan Pouleur ◽  
Claude Richard
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cold Hardy

AbstractCold treatment is used to control the rusty grain beetle (Cryptolestes ferrugineus) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae), the predominant insect pest of stored grain in Canada. However, because it is difficult to cool the grain enough to control C. ferrugineus quickly, we have examined ways to reduce the cold-tolerance of adult C. ferrugineus, the most cold-hardy stage. We compared the efficacy of two ice nucleators, Pseudomonas syringae and Fusarium avenaceum, to decrease cold-tolerance of this insect, as well as their thermal stability. Ice nuclei from the bacteria P. syringae raised C. ferrugineus supercooling point from −17 to −6 °C, and increased mortality at −9°C for 24 h from 11 to 100%. Pseudomonas syringae held at 30°C for 16 weeks showed only a slight decline in its ability to reduce C. ferrugineus cold-tolerance. The fungus F. avenaceum raised the supercooling point of C. ferrugineus from −17 to −9°C, but only increased the mortality at −9°C for 24 h from 10 to 33%. Wheat treated with F. avenaceum and held at 30°C for 4 weeks reduced the cold-hardiness of C. ferrugineus, but had no effect after 8 weeks at 30°C. One reason for the difference between the two nucleators is that P. syringae had approximately 1000 times more ice nuclei per gram than did F. avenaceum. These results suggest that P. syringae is stable enough to reduce C. ferrugineus cold-tolerance after several weeks on warm grain. We discuss possible ways to increase the ice-nucleating activity of F. avenaceum.

scholarly journals Cold acclimation of Trogoderma granarium Everts is tightly linked to regulation of enzyme activity, energy content and ion concentration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Hamzeh Izadi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Low Molecular Weight

ABSTRACTIn this study, cold hardiness and some physiological characteristics of T. granarium larvae were investigated under different thermal regimes, i.e. warm-acclimated (WA), cold-acclimated (CA), fluctuating-acclimated (FA) and rapid cold-hardened (RCH). In all regimes, the survival rate of the larvae decreased with a decrease in temperature and raise in exposure time. Cold acclimated larvae showed the highest cold hardiness in -15 and -20 ºC. Control larvae had the highest glycogen content (34.4 ± 2.3 µg/gdw). In contrast, cold acclimation larvae had the lowest glycogen content (23.0 ± 1.6 µg/gdw). Change in trehalose content was reversely proportional to change in glycogen content. The greatest myo-inositol and glucose contents were detected in larvae cold acclimation treatment (10.7 ± 0.4 µg/gdw) and control (0.49 ± 0.03 µg/gdw), respectively. In control and treated larvae, the concentration of Na+ decreased, though the concentration of K+ rose, with rising the exposure time. The shape of the thermal reaction of AMP-depended protein kinase and protein phosphatase IIC followed the same norm, which is different from protein phosphatase I and protein phosphatase IIA. Protein phosphatase IIA and IIC showed a complete difference in thermal reaction norms. In did, thermal fluctuation caused the highest changes in the activity of the enzymes, whereas the RCH showed the lowest changes in the activity of the enzyme. Our results showed a significant enhancement of larval cold tolerance under CA regime that is related to the level of low molecular weight carbohydrates, protein kinase, and phosphatases activity, and hemolymph ions concentration.SUMMARY STATEMENTIn Trogoderma granarium, cold acclimation enhances the larval cold tolerance that is related to change in the level of low molecular weight carbohydrates, protein kinase, and phosphatases activity, and hemolymph ions concentration.

The effect of diapause and cold acclimation on the cold-hardiness of the warehouse beetle, Trogoderma variabile (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Y. Abdelghany ◽  
Duangsamorn Suthisut ◽  
Paul G. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Stored Product Pest ◽  
Trogoderma Variabile ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Cold Hardy

AbstractThe warehouse beetle, Trogoderma variabile Ballion (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is a stored-product pest with scant information on its cold tolerance. Ninety-two per cent of larvae reared in isolation at 30 °C went into diapause in the seventh instar, the remaining 8% emerged as adults in 50 days. Diapausing larvae died after 142 days in the 10th instar. The cold tolerance at 0 °C from highest to lowest was; old larvae>pupae>adult=young larvae>eggs. The LT50 (lethal time for 50% of the population) for grouped (non-diapause) non-acclimated old larvae at 0 °C, −5 °C, −10 °C, −16 °C, and −19 °C were; 20, 11, 5, 1, and 1 day, the LT95 were; 38, 15, 10, 5, and 1 days, respectively. The LT50 for isolated (diapausing), cold-acclimated old larvae at the same temperatures were; 275, 125, 74, 26, and 18 days, and the LT95 were; 500, 160, 100, 45, 20 days, respectively. The supercooling point (SCP) of different stages of non-acclimated insects ranged from −25.3 °C (eggs) to −16.1 °C (young larvae). The most cold hardy stage, isolated and acclimated old larvae, had a SCP of −24.9 °C. The potential of using low temperatures to control T. variabile is discussed.

Aspergillus flavusgrowth and aflatoxin production as influenced by total lipid content during growth and development of cottonseed

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanniah Rajasekaran ◽  
Greg Ford ◽  
Kandan Sethumadhavan ◽  
Carol Carter-Wientjes ◽  
John Bland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Aflatoxin Production

Study on the physiology of diapause, cold hardiness and supercooling point of overwintering pupae of the pistachio fruit hull borer, Arimania comaroffi

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 897-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Bemani ◽  
Hamzeh Izadi ◽  
Kamran Mahdian ◽  
Abbas Khani ◽  
Mohammad Amin samih
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Supercooling Point

Comparison of biomass production and total lipid content of freshwater green microalgae cultivated under various culture conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geun Ho Gim ◽  
Jung Kon Kim ◽  
Hyeon Seok Kim ◽  
Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan ◽  
Hetong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Green Microalgae

scholarly journals Climatic Variation of Supercooling Point in the Linden Bug Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae)

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Ditrich ◽  
Václav Janda ◽  
Hana Vaněčková ◽  
David Doležel
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Pyrrhocoris Apterus ◽  
Winter Minimum Temperature ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Insect Fitness

Cold tolerance is often one of the key components of insect fitness, but the association between climatic conditions and supercooling capacity is poorly understood. We tested 16 lines originating from geographically different populations of the linden bug Pyrrhocoris apterus for their cold tolerance, determined as the supercooling point (SCP). The supercooling point was generally well explained by the climatic conditions of the population’s origin, as the best predictor—winter minimum temperature—explained 85% of the average SCP variation between populations. The supercooling capacity of P. apterus is strongly correlated with climatic conditions, which support the usage of SCP as an appropriate metric of cold tolerance in this species.

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