Comparison of the Effect of Insecticides on Bumble Bees (Bombus impatiens) and Mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus) by Standard Mosquito Research Methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany L McGregor ◽  
Bryan V Giordano ◽  
Alfred E Runkel ◽  
Herbert N Nigg ◽  
H Lee Nigg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bombus Impatiens ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Nontarget Effects ◽  
Native North American ◽  
Significant Mortality

Abstract Mosquito control districts in the United States are limited to two main classes of adulticides, pyrethroids and organophosphates, to control mosquitoes. Two adulticides used to control domestic mosquitoes are Fyfanon EW (malathion, organophosphate) and DeltaGard (deltamethrin, pyrethroid). While the effect of these pesticides on European honeybees (Apis mellifera L., Hymenoptera: Apidae) has been investigated, effects on native pollinators need additional research. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute nontarget effects of these pesticides on Bombus impatiens Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae), a native North American bumble bee species, and compare these effects to wild and laboratory strains of mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Diptera: Culicidae) through field and laboratory assays. Bombus impatiens was found to be resistant to Fyfanon EW (x̅ = 6.7% mortality at 50-µg malathion per bottle) at levels that caused significant mortality to study mosquitoes (86.2 ≥ x̅ ≥ 100% mortality) in laboratory bottle bioassays. Comparatively, B. impatiens demonstrated greater mortality to DeltaGard (93.3%) at 2.5-µg deltamethrin/bottle than any mosquito colony assayed (14.1 ≥ x̅ ≥ 87.0% mortality). Only DeltaGard was tested in field applications. In the field, we observed acute effects of DeltaGard on mosquitoes and B. impatiens at 25- and 75-m distance from a truck-mounted ultra-low volume fogger, although treatment effects were not significant for B. impatiens. Additional wild-caught nontarget mortality to DeltaGard field trials was also evaluated. This study indicated that common mosquito control adulticides do cause nontarget mortality to B. impatiens but that impacts are variable depending on pesticide and further studies are needed.

scholarly journals Global spatial assessment of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus: a scenario of Zika virus exposure

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto J. Alaniz ◽  
Mario A. Carvajal ◽  
Antonella Bacigalupo ◽  
Pedro E. Cattan
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
World Population ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Risk Zones

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus transmitted mainly by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Recent scientific evidence on Culex quinquefasciatus has suggested its potential as a vector for ZIKV, which may change the current risk zones. We aimed to quantify the world population potentially exposed to ZIKV in a spatially explicit way, considering the primary vector (A. aegypti) and the potential vector (C. quinquefasciatus). Our model combined species distribution modelling of mosquito species with spatially explicit human population data to estimate ZIKV exposure risk. We estimated the potential global distribution of C. quinquefasciatus and estimated its potential interaction zones with A. aegypti. Then we evaluated the risk zones for ZIKV considering both vectors. Finally, we quantified and compared the people under risk associated with each vector by risk level, country and continent. We found that C. quinquefasciatus had a more temperate distribution until 42° in both hemispheres, while the risk involving A. aegypti is concentrated mainly in tropical latitudes until 35° in both hemispheres. Globally, 4.2 billion people are under risk associated with ZIKV. Around 2.6 billon people are under very high risk associated with C. quinquefasciatus and 1 billion people associated with A. aegypti. Several countries could be exposed to ZIKV, which emphasises the need to clarify the competence of C. quinquefasciatus as a potential vector as soon as possible. The models presented here represent a tool for risk management, public health planning, mosquito control and preventive actions, especially to focus efforts on the most affected areas.

scholarly journals Aedes aegypti Males as Vehicles for Insecticide Delivery

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey L. Brelsfoard ◽  
James W. Mains ◽  
Steve Mulligan ◽  
Anthony Cornel ◽  
Jodi Holeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Oviposition Sites ◽  
Lethal Doses

Aedes aegypti continues to spread globally and remains a challenge to control, in part due to its ‘cryptic behavior’ in that it often deposits eggs (oviposits) in larval habitats that are difficult to find and treat using traditional methods. Auto-dissemination strategies target these cryptic breeding sites by employing mosquitoes to deliver lethal doses of insecticide. This report describes the initial field trials of an application known as Autodissemination Augmented by Males (ADAM), utilizing A. aegypti males dusted with pyriproxyfen (PPF). Findings presented here are drawn from both caged and field trial studies. Together, these trials examined for the ability of A. aegypti males to disseminate PPF and to impact field populations. PPF-dusted males were able to effectively deliver lethal doses of PPF to oviposition sites under the conditions tested. Results from field trials in Florida and California demonstrated reduced A. aegypti populations in treated areas, compared to areas where PPF-treated males were not released. These results indicate that the release of PPF-dusted A. aegypti males can impact A. aegypti populations as measured by both reduced larval survival and lower numbers of adult female A. aegypti. We propose the ADAM approach as an addition to existing mosquito control techniques targeting A. aegypti and other mosquitoes that utilize cryptic larval habitats.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF FIVE PERMETHRIN/ PBO 30-30 GROUND ULV INSECTICIDES AGAINST FIELD COLLECTED ADULT AEDES AEGYPTI, AEDES TAENIORHYNCHUS, AND CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS IN MANATEE COUNTY, FLORIDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Katie F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Efficacy Data ◽  
Aedes Taeniorhynchus ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

We investigated five formulations containing synergized permethrin/PBO active ingredients, Biomist® 30-30, Evoluer® 30-30, Kontrol™ 30-30, Permanone® 30-30, and Perm-X™ UL 30-30, to determine whether there was variation in efficacy against caged local field collected adult Aedes aegypti, Aedes taeniorhynchus, and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Mortality data from field trials with these formulations applied via truck mounted ultra-low volume sprays at mid (113 mL/ha [1.55 oz/A]) and maximum (226 mL/ha [3.10 oz/A]) label rates indicated generally low efficacy against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus but generally high efficacy against Ae. taeniorhynchus. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms for this variation including effects of meteorology and resistance, and how field-derived efficacy data may be used operationally by mosquito and vector control districts to mitigate cost, environmental impact, and pesticide resistance.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE ON MOSQUITO LARVAL AEDES AEGYPTI, CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS, AND ANOPHELES QUADRIMACULATUS IN LABORATORY AND UNDER SEMI-FIELD CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Md Asaduzzaman Miah
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Anopheles Quadrimaculatus ◽  
Effect Of Copper

Mosquito larval control has been conducted by various chemicals and biological agents to reduce mosquito population and mosquito-borne diseases. The larvicidal efficacy of Copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4 ·5H2 O) on Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles quadrimaculatus was evaluated separately in the laboratory and semi-field conditions. Different concentrations of CuSO4 ·5H2 O (ranging from 1 to 20 ppm) were tested against third (3rd ) instar larvae. Larval mortality was observed at 24, 48 & 72h after exposure and the LC 50 values were determined. In both conditions, larval mortality showed concentration and time dependent correlations i.e. larval mortality was higher with increasing concentration CuSO4 ·5H2 O and exposure time. No mortality was observed in the control (0 ppm). Of the three species tested, Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. quadrimaculatus were more sensitive to CuSO4 ·5H2 O than Ae. aegypti. It was demonstrated that 1.5 -2.25 ppm of CuSO4 ·5H2 O killed more than 50% of Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. quadrimaculatus larvae at 72 h in both laboratory and semi-field conditions, whereas Ae. aegypti could survive easily in these concentrations. Besides, CuSO4 ·5H2 O showed more toxicity to larvae in semi-field conditions than laboratory studies. These results suggest that CuSO4 ·5H2 O could be used as a potential larvicide especially for Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. quadrimaculatus as a low-cost alternative larvicidal agent. Further studies will be needed to confirm its effectiveness in large scale field trials.

scholarly journals Larvicidal and Repellent Properties of Streptomyces sp. VITJS4 Crude Extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. JEMIMAH NAINE ◽  
C. SUBATHRA DEVI
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Crude Extracts

The aim of the present study was to assess the larvicidal and repellent properties of marine Streptomyces sp. VITJS4 crude extracts. The marine soil samples were collected from the Puducherry coast, Tamil Nadu, India. The isolate Streptomyces sp. VITJS4 was taxonomically characterized and identified. The ethyl acetate crude extract tested for larvicidal property showed 100% mortality for all the 3 species after 24 h exposure against the early fourth instar larvae of malarial vector--Anopheles stephensi at 50% and 90% lethal concentration (LC50 = 132.86, LC90 396.14 ppm); dengue vector--Aedes aegypti (LC50 = 112.78, LC90 336.42 ppm) and filariasis vector--Culex quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 156.53, LC90 468.37 ppm). The Streptomyces sp. VITJS4 solvent extracts of hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform and methanol were tested for repellent activity against A. stephensi, A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus. The ethyl acetate extract showed complete protection for 210 min at 6 mg/cm2 against these mosquito bites. The crude extract was analyzed further for Fourier Transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. In addition to the importance of bioactive compounds, the utilization of Streptomyces sp. VITJS4 crude extracts revealed effective larvicidal and repellent activity against the vectors, which perhaps represents a promising tool in the management of mosquito control.

scholarly journals Vector Competence of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus from Brazil and New Caledonia for Three Zika Virus Lineages

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosilainy S. Fernandes ◽  
Olivia O’Connor ◽  
Maria Ignez L. Bersot ◽  
Dominique Girault ◽  
Marguerite R. Dokunengo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Viral Surveillance ◽  
Virus Strains

Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused severe epidemics in South America beginning in 2015, following its spread through the Pacific. We comparatively assessed the vector competence of ten populations of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus from Brazil and two of Ae. aegypti and one of Culex quinquefasciatus from New Caledonia to transmit three ZIKV isolates belonging to African, Asian and American lineages. Recently colonized mosquitoes from eight distinct sites from both countries were orally challenged with the same viral load (107 TCID50/mL) and examined after 7, 14 and 21 days. Cx. quinquefasciatus was refractory to infection with all virus strains. In contrast, although competence varied with geographical origin, Brazilian and New Caledonian Ae. aegypti could transmit the three ZIKV lineages, with a strong advantage for the African lineage (the only one reaching saliva one-week after challenge). Brazilian Ae. albopictus populations were less competent than Ae. aegypti populations. Ae. albopictus generally exhibited almost no transmission for Asian and American lineages, but was efficient in transmitting the African ZIKV. Viral surveillance and mosquito control measures must be strengthened to avoid the spread of new ZIKV lineages and minimize the transmission of viruses currently circulating.

scholarly journals Potensi Larvasida dari Ekstrak Daun Jeruk Bali Citrus maxima terhadap dan Aedes aegypti dan Culex quinquefasciatus

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Hebert Ardianto ◽  
Arif Nur Muhammad Anshori ◽  
Hamidah Hamidah
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Citrus Maxima ◽  
The Dead

Abstract The used of chemical insecticides for mosquito control has caused resistance in themosquito populations. The aims of this study are to find out Lethal Concentration of non-polarextract from pomelo (Citrus maxima) leaf against mosquito larvae after 24 hoursexposure. Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae were tested in the study A.Larvicidal assay was using 20 larvae for each concentration in 100 ml solution with 5replications. The non-polar extract was tested at concentrations of 0 ppm, 500 ppm, 1375ppm, 2250 ppm, 3125 ppm, and 4000 ppm. The number of larvae mortality wasdetermined after 24 hours exposure. The dead larvae were counted and the data wasanalyzed using probit analyze. The results showed that non-polar extract from Citrusmaxima Leaf has potential larvicidal,  LC90 = 880 ppm for mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae, LC90 = 408  ppm for mortality of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae, the non-polar extract is more toxic against Culex quinquefasciatus than Aedes aegypti larvae. The non-polar extract from pomelo (Citrus maxima) leaf has the potential of being developed aslarvicides for mosquito control. Abstrak Penggunaan insektisida kimia untuk mengontrol nyamuk dapat menyebabkanresistensi pada populasi nyamuk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukannilai Konsentrasi Letal (LC90 ) ekstrak non polar daun jeruk bali (Citrus maxima)  terhadap nyamuk setelah 24 jam. Larva yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalahlarva Aedes aegypti dan Culex quinquefasciatus. Kematian larva dihitung setelah 24 dan 48 jam.Uji larvasida menggunakan 20 ekor larva untuk setiap konsentrasi di dalam 100ml larutan ekstrak dengan lima replikasi. Ekstrak non polar diuji dengan konsentrasi 0ppm, 500 ppm, 1.375 ppm, 2.250 ppm, 3.125 ppm, dan 4.000 ppm. Angka kematianlarva dihitung setelah 24 jam paparan. Data dihitung dan dianalisa dengan analisisprobit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak non polar daun Citrus maximaberpotensi sebagai larvasida, Nilai LC90 = 880 ppm untuk kematian larva nyamuk  Aedesaegypti, Nilai LC90 = 408 ppm untuk kematian larva nyamuk Culex quinquefasciatus, Ekstrak non polar lebih toksik terhadap larva Culex quinquefasciatus daripada larva Aedes aegypti. Ekstrak  non polar dari daun Citrus maxima memiliki potensi untukdikembangkan sebagai larvasida untuk pengendalian nyamuk.

scholarly journals Short Communication: A checklist of the mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Suan Phueng District, Ratchaburi Province, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 468-473
Author(s):  
TANAWAT CHAIPHONGPACHARA
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Armigeres Subalbatus ◽  
Anopheles Barbirostris

Abstract. Chaiphongpachara T. 2019. Short Communication: A checklist of the mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Suan Phueng District, Ratchaburi Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 468-473. Mosquito is a medically important insect, which is a vector to transmit pathogens to humans. There are several methods to reduce the numbers mosquitoes, which requires entomological knowledge. It is critical to know the species of mosquitoes in the area to choose the most suitable method to provide vector control, specifically, to target mosquito species. In this study, we investigated the species of mosquito vectors in the Huay Nam Nak Village in the Suan Phueng District, Ratchaburi Province, Thailand, which is an endemic area of mosquito-borne diseases, especially malaria and dengue fever. Mosquito species were collected by the Mosquito Magnet® Independence trap from the Huay Nam Nak Village. A total of 1,002 mosquitoes, divided into eight species in four genera, including Anopheles barbirostris s.l. van der Wulp (118 individuals), An. subpictus s.l. Grassi (127 individuals), Culex quinquefasciatus Say (186 individuals), Cx. vishnui Theobald (204 individuals), Cx. whitmorei Giles (198 individuals), Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (45 individuals), Ae. albopictus Skuse (78 individuals), and Armigeres subalbatus Coquillett (46 individuals). This checklist of the mosquito species is very important information to set mosquito control measures that suit each area.

scholarly journals Larvicidal potentiality, longevity and fecundity inhibitory activities of Bacillus sphaericus (Bs G3-IV) on vector mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjunan Nareshkumar ◽  
Kadarkarai Murugan ◽  
Indra Baruah ◽  
Pari Madhiyazhagan ◽  
Thiyagarajan Nataraj
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Vector Borne

Intervention measures to control the transmission of vector-borne diseases include control of the vector population. In mosquito control, synthetic insecticides used against both the larvae (larvicides) and adults (adulticides) create numerous problems, such as environmental pollution, insecticide resistance and toxic hazards to humans. In the present study, a bacterial pesticide,<em> Bacillus sphaericus</em> (Bs G3-IV), was used to control the dengue and filarial vectors, <em>Aedes aegypti</em> and <em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em>. <em>Bacillus sphaericus </em>(Bs G3-IV) was very effective against<em> Aedes aegypti</em> and <em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em>, showing significant larval mortality. Evaluated lethal concentrations (LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub>) were age-dependent, with early instars requiring a lower concentration compared with later stages of mosquitoes. <em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em> was more susceptible to <em>Bacillus sphaericus</em> (Bs G3-IV) than was <em>Aedes aegypti</em>. Fecundity rate was highly reduced after treatment with different concentrations of <em>Bacillus sphaericus</em> (Bs G3-IV). Larval and pupal longevity both decreased after treatment with <em>Bacillus sphaericus</em> (Bs G3-IV), total number of days was lower in the <em>B. sphaericus</em> treatments compared with the control. Our results show the bacterial pesticide <em>Bacillus sphaericus </em>(Bs G3-IV) to be an effective mosquito control agent that can be used for more integrated pest management programs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document