Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acids Increase Lean Tissue and Decrease Fat Deposition in Growing Pigs

Differences in dry-matter intake and composition of gain between 35 Simmental bulls and 35 Simmental steers were examined. All bulls and 15 steers were slaughtered after 167 days on food and the remaining steers were slaughtered after 224 days. Bulls ate more food daily than steers (P < 0·1) but drymatter intake per unit of metabolic body weight (kg M0·75) was not different between groups (T > 0·1). Bulls had greater estimated rates of protein accretion than steers (P < 0·001) but estimated fat accretion rates were not different. These data suggest that voluntary food intakes do not differ between bulls and steers of equal weight and indicate that bulls are leaner than steers due to greater lean tissue accumulation rather than less fat deposition.

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Sucrose as an energy source for growing pigs: energy utilization for protein deposition

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100013118 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 535-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. A. Beech ◽

R. Elliott ◽

E. S. Batterham

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Live Weight ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Net Energy ◽

Amino Acid Requirement ◽

Protein Retention ◽

Protein Deposition ◽

Sucrose Diet

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sucrose as an energy source on energy utilization and protein retention by growing pigs. Growing pigs (20 to 50 kg live weight) were restrictively fed (three times maintenance) either a control wheat-based diet (14 MJ digestible energy (DE) per kg), a sucrose-based diet (15 MJ DE per kg) or a wheat-based diet made i so-energetic with the sucrose diet by the addition of oil. Net energy (NE) content of the diet, energy utilization, protein and fat deposition were measured.Both the sucrose- and the iso-energetic wheat-based diets improved energy utilization and increased NE retention. They also increased fat deposition (P < 0·05) but had no effect on protein deposition (P > 0·05) compared with the wheat-based control. Increased DE utilization in the sucrose-based diet appeared due to (i) lower dietary fibre, (ii) a better balance of amino acids, or possibly due to (iii) increased fat synthesis due to sucrose metabolism. The lack of effect of sucrose on protein deposition appeared due to either (i) an increased amino acid requirement as a result of the higher NE content of the diet or (ii) preferential use of sucrose for fat deposition.

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Effect of Dietary Energy on Growth Performance and Fat Deposition of Lantang Growing Pigs

Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances ◽

10.3923/ajava.2012.412.419 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 412-419

Author(s):

X.F. Yang ◽

Z.Y. Jiang ◽

X.Y. Ma ◽

C.T. Zheng ◽

Y.C. Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Dietary Energy

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Dietary betaine and ractopamine combine to increase lean tissue deposition in finisher pigs, particularly gilts

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/ea08014 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 65 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

F. R. Dunshea ◽

D. J. Cadogan ◽

G. G. Partridge

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Additive Effects ◽

Lean Tissue ◽

Improve Body Composition ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Maintenance Requirements ◽

Daily Gain

Dietary ractopamine increases lean tissue deposition, with the responses most evident at ad libitum feed intakes whereas dietary betaine can improve growth by reducing maintenance requirements, with the greatest responses occurring when energy is limiting. This study was conducted to investigate the interactions between dietary ractopamine and betaine on growth and carcass characteristics in restrictively fed [31.0 MJ digestible energy (DE)/day for 14 days followed by 36.8 MJ DE/day for 21 days] boars and gilts. Forty individually penned pigs (58.4 kg) were allocated to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with the respective factors being sex (gilt or boar), dietary betaine (0 and 1.5 g/kg betaine) and dietary ractopamine (0 and 10 ppm ractopamine) for 35 days. Over the first 14 days of the study when the restriction was greatest, daily gain was greater in pigs fed betaine (+8%, P = 0.04) and in boars (+12%, P = 0.005) but was not affected by ractopamine (P = 0.18). Lean deposition was greater in pigs fed betaine (+5%, P = 0.08) and in boars (+6%, P = 0.006) but was not affected by ractopamine (P = 0.57). However, there was an interaction (P = 0.03) between ractopamine and sex such that ractopamine increased lean deposition in gilts but not boars. Thus, betaine and ractopamine had additive effects on lean mass in gilts (+5.1 kg) but not boars. Fat deposition was less in pigs fed ractopamine (–8%, P = 0.05) and in boars (–17%, P < 0.001) but was not affected by betaine (P = 0.81). However, there was an interaction (P = 0.04) between dietary ractopamine and sex such that ractopamine decreased fat deposition in gilts (–14%) but not boars. In conclusion, dietary betaine and ractopamine may have additive effects on lean deposition and improve body composition in gilts but responses in boars are more equivocal.

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Effects of feeding level and sex on fat deposition and serum cholesterol in growing pigs

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600020882 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 1991 ◽

pp. 138-138

Author(s):

J.A. Taylor ◽

D.N. Salter ◽

W.H. Close ◽

G.H. Laswai

Keyword(s):

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Hypercholesterolemic Diet ◽

Energy Retention ◽

The Difference ◽

Energy Balances ◽

Entire Male

Previous experiments at Shinfield (Taylor, Salter and Lister, 1990) have shown an association between serum cholesterol and carcass fatness. This was particularly marked when cholesterol levels had been altered through feeding a hypercholesterolemic diet. In the present experiment, serum cholesterol and fat deposition have been studied in entire and castrated pigs at different planes of nutrition and stages of growth.In a 2 x 2 factorial experiment (Taylor, Salter, Close, Laswai and Hudson, 1990) 18 castrated and 18 entire male pigs, of initial weight 20 kg, were fed either 2.25 (Low) or 3.4 (High) x maintenance energy requirements, to a scale based on liveweight. Nitrogen and energy balances (including calorimetry) were measured over 7-day periods when the pigs reached approximately 30, 60 and 90 kg. Fasting blood samples were taken on the morning after each balance period and serum was analysed for total- and HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol. LDL-cholesterol was calculated as: Total cholesterol - HDL-cholesterol - (triacylglycerol/6). Fat deposition was calculated as the difference between total energy retention and energy retained as protein.

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Effects of low protein diets on performance of pigs with a lean genotype between 40 and 115 kg liveweight

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an13051 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 461 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. Bunger ◽

N. R. Lambe ◽

K. McLean ◽

G. Cesaro ◽

G. A. Walling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Fast Growing ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Low Protein

The aim of the work was to assess the effects of three dietary protein regimes on pig performance and nitrogen (N) excretion, in particular, whether performance can be maintained in lean, fast growing pigs when protein levels are reduced to limit N excretion. Entire male pigs of a lean genotype (Pietrain × Large White × Landrace), 192 in total in four batches, were grown from 40 to 115 kg in pens with four pigs per pen. The diets were: (i) a high-protein control regime; (ii) a low-protein regime in which protein was reduced by ~2 percentage units in each growth stage, but with levels of five essential amino acids the same as in the control (LP1); (iii) an even lower protein regime in which levels of essential amino acids were not maintained beyond 60 kg (LP2). The LP2 regime was designed to promote intramuscular fat deposition rather than efficient growth. Excretion of N was reduced by 17% and 19% in LP1 and LP2, respectively, compared with the control. Average daily gain was lower and feed conversion ratio higher in LP2 than the other regimes, as expected. The control and LP1, which differed in protein but not essential amino acid levels, produced broadly similar results for performance, but pigs in LP1 had poorer feed conversion than control pigs, which could be due to slightly greater fat deposition. The results show the difficulty in maintaining consistently high levels of performance in fast-growing, lean pigs when dietary protein levels are reduced.

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Exogenous porcine somatotropin administered to neonatal pigs at high doses can alter lifetime fat but not lean tissue deposition

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn2003843 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 89 (6) ◽

pp. 795-801 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Frank. R. Dunshea ◽

Danny Suster ◽

Douglas J. Kerton ◽

Brian J. Leury

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

The Body ◽

Lean Tissue ◽

Neonatal Pigs ◽

Average Litter Size ◽

Short Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Endocrine Status ◽

High Doses

The growth rate of the young pig is generally much less than its potential and may be constrained by endocrine status as well as nutrient intake. The aim of the present study was to determine whether porcine (p) somatotropin (ST) treatment of the sucking pig could alter subsequent body composition. Twelve mixed-parity cross-bred sows with an average litter size of ten piglets were used to nurse pigs for the present study. On day 1 of lactation, the median two male pigs (by weight) from each litter were randomly allocated to one of two doses of pST (0 or 1 mg/kg per d) until weaning on day 21. Pigs were weaned and offered feed ad libitum until slaughter at 134 d of age. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at 21, 49, 77, 105 and 133 d of age. There was no significant difference in growth rates between day 1 and 21 of lactation in pigs injected with either saline (9 g/l NaCl/l) or pST (258 v. 246 g/d for control and pST-treated pigs respectively, P=0·61), and as a consequence there was no significant difference in liveweight at weaning (7·13 v. 6·84 kg, P=0·59). However, fat mass at weaning tended to be decreased (1·18 v. 0·96 kg, P=0·064), while the % fat in the body at weaning was significantly (16·7 v. 13·9 %, P=0·008) decreased by exogenous pST treatment. In the immediate post-weaning period there was a reduction in lean tissue deposition (347 v. 300 g/d, P=0·021) but no effect on fat deposition (35 v. 33 g/d, P=0·72). Over the entire weaning-to-slaughter period, pST treatment of neonatal pigs decreased the rate of fat deposition (130 v. 112 g/d, P=0·033), but had no effect on lean tissue deposition (550 v. 538 g/d, P=0·49). Therefore, treatment of nursing pigs with high doses of pST for a short period before weaning may provide a means of reducing the fat content of pork and pork products.

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