scholarly journals Examination of Carbohydrate Products in Feces Reveals Potential Biomarkers Distinguishing Exclusive and Nonexclusive Breastfeeding Practices in Infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 1051-1057
Author(s):  
Christopher L Ranque ◽  
Carol Stroble ◽  
Matthew J Amicucci ◽  
Diane Tu ◽  
Aly Diana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Triple Quadrupole ◽  
Good Discrimination ◽  
True Prevalence ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Potential Biomarkers ◽  
Tof Ms ◽  
Time Point

ABSTRACT Background The stable isotope deuterium dose-to-mother (DTM) technique to estimate nonbreast milk water intake demonstrates that maternal self-report methods of infant feeding overestimate the true prevalence of exclusively breastfeeding practices. Objective We aimed to determine potential monosaccharide and oligosaccharide markers that distinguish between exclusively breastfed (EBF) versus nonexclusively breastfed (non-EBF) infants utilizing LC-MS-based methods. Methods Data for the analysis were collected as part of a larger, longitudinal study of 192 breastfed Indonesian infants aged 2 mo and followed up at 5 mo. Feces samples were collected from infants aged 2 mo (n = 188) and 5 mo (n = 184). EBF and non-EBF strata at each time point were determined via the DTM technique. Feces samples were analyzed to determine monosaccharide content using ultra-high-performance LC-triple quadrupole MS (UHPLC-QqQ MS). Relative abundances of fecal oligosaccharides were determined using nano-LC-Chip-quadrupole time-of-flight MS (nano-LC-Chip-Q-ToF MS). Results At age 2 mo, monosaccharide analysis showed the abundance of fructose and mannose were significantly higher (+377% and +388%, respectively) in non-EBF compared with EBF infants (P <0.0001). Fructose and mannose also showed good discrimination with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 and 0.82, respectively. Oligosaccharide analysis showed that a 6-hexose (Hex6) isomer had good discrimination (AUC = 0.80) between EBF and non-EBF groups at 5 mo. Conclusion Carbohydrate products, particularly fecal mono- and oligosaccharides, differed between EBF and non-EBF infants aged under 6 mo and can be used as potential biomarkers to distinguish EBF versus non-EBF feeding practices.

Comparison Study on the Contents of Eight Flavonoids in three Different Processed Products of Scutellariae Radix using Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Triple-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 690-697
Author(s):  
Yuedong Yang ◽  
Hao Zhi ◽  
Baofei Yan ◽  
Yi Tian ◽  
Jianping Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Triple Quadrupole ◽  
Column Temperature ◽  
Scutellariae Radix ◽  
Total Percentage

Background: The simultaneous determination of multiple components in a sample is an important factor in the quality control of traditional Chinese medicines and can give an indication of potential clinical applications. Introduction: A rapid and sensitive method has been introduced for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of eight bioactive flavonoid constituents from Scutellariae Radix using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Methods: The separation was performed on a Waters Acquity UPLC C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm), under optimized mass spectrometry conditions, with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The column temperature was maintained at 35°C and the injection volume was 3 μL. Results: The method showed a good linear relationship of each component; all R2 values were above 0.9990 in the experiment. The RSDs of the precision test, repeatability test, stability test and recovery test were all not more than 2.86 %. We found that the total percentage amounts of the eight flavonoids were 22.19%, 18.63% and 10.86% in Raw Scutellariae Radix (RSR), Wine Scutellaria Radix (WSR) and Scutellaria Radix Charcoal (SRC) respectively. Conclusion: The method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of the eight bioactive flavonoids of Raw Scutellariae Radix, Wine Scutellaria Radix and Scutellaria Radix Charcoal.

scholarly journals The Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Fighting, Shoplifting and Vandalism in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3509
Author(s):  
Ieuan Evans ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
Joseph Murray ◽  
Matthew Hickman ◽  
Gemma Hammerton
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study ◽  
Causal Component

Experimental studies support the conventional belief that people behave more aggressively whilst under the influence of alcohol. To examine how these experimental findings manifest in real life situations, this study uses a method for estimating evidence for causality with observational data—‘situational decomposition’ to examine the association between alcohol consumption and crime in young adults from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Self-report questionnaires were completed at age 24 years to assess typical alcohol consumption and frequency, participation in fighting, shoplifting and vandalism in the previous year, and whether these crimes were committed under the influence of alcohol. Situational decomposition compares the strength of two associations, (1) the total association between alcohol consumption and crime (sober or intoxicated) versus (2) the association between alcohol consumption and crime committed while sober. There was an association between typical alcohol consumption and total crime for fighting [OR (95% CI): 1.47 (1.29, 1.67)], shoplifting [OR (95% CI): 1.25 (1.12, 1.40)], and vandalism [OR (95% CI): 1.33 (1.12, 1.57)]. The associations for both fighting and shoplifting had a small causal component (with the association for sober crime slightly smaller than the association for total crime). However, the association for vandalism had a larger causal component.

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