Multivitamin Use and Overall and Site-Specific Cancer Risks in the National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-eun Lim ◽  
Stephanie J Weinstein ◽  
Linda M Liao ◽  
Rashmi Sinha ◽  
Jiaqi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Multivitamin Use

ABSTRACT Background Multivitamins are among the most commonly used supplements in the United States, but their effectiveness in preventing cancer remains unclear. Objectives We prospectively examined the association between multivitamin use and risks of overall and site-specific cancer in a large, well-characterized cohort to ascertain potential preventive or harmful relationships. Methods We examined 489,640 participants ages 50–71 in the NIH–American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) Diet and Health Study who were enrolled from 1995 to 1998. We linked to 11 state cancer registries in order to identify incident cancers. Multivitamin use was assessed by a baseline questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression models of multivitamin use were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for cancer risks in men and women, adjusted for potential confounders, including age, BMI, smoking, physical activity, the Healthy Eating Index 2015 score, and use of single-vitamin/-mineral supplements. Results A slightly higher overall cancer risk was observed in men (but not women) who consumed 1 or more multivitamins daily compared to nonusers [HRs, 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01–1.04) and 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00–1.07), respectively; P-trend = 0.002]. The latter reflected higher risks for prostate cancer (HR, 1.04; 95% CI: 0.98–1.10; P-trend = 0.005), lung cancer (HR, 1.07; 95% CI: 0.96–1.20; P-trend = 0.003), and leukemia (HR, 1.26; 95% CI: 1.02–1.57; P-trend = 0.003). Taking more than 1 multivitamin daily was also strongly positively associated with the risk of oropharyngeal cancer in women (HR, 1.53, 95% CI: 1.04–2.24; P-trend < 0.0001). By contrast, daily multivitamin use was inversely associated with the colon cancer risk in both sexes (HR, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73–0.93; P-trend = 0.0003). Conclusions We found little evidence to support a cancer-preventive role for multivitamin use, with the exception of colon cancer, in both sexes in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. In addition, slightly higher risks of overall, prostate, and lung cancer, as well as leukemia, were observed for greater multivitamin use in men, with a higher oropharyngeal cancer risk in women.

scholarly journals Albuminuria, Kidney Function, and Cancer Risk in the Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (9) ◽  
pp. 942-950
Author(s):  
Yejin Mok ◽  
Shoshana H Ballew ◽  
Yingying Sang ◽  
Josef Coresh ◽  
Corinne E Joshu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Shared Risk

Abstract Few studies have comprehensively investigated the association of 2 key kidney disease measures, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), with cancer incidence. In 8,935 participants at the baseline (1996–1998) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, we quantified the associations of eGFR (based on creatinine and cystatin C) and ACR with cancer risk using Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Due to changing guidelines for prostate cancer screening during the follow-up period, we investigated overall cancer, overall nonprostate cancer, and site-specific cancer. During a median follow-up of 14.7 years, 2,030 incident cancer cases occurred. In demographically adjusted models, low eGFR and high ACR were associated with cancer incidence (both overall and overall nonprostate cancer). These associations were attenuated after adjusting for other shared risk factors, with a significant association remaining only for ACR (≥103 compared with 5 mg/g) and overall nonprostate cancer. For site-specific cancer, only high ACR showed a significant association with lung and urinary tract cancers. Of these, the association between ACR and lung cancer appeared most robust in several sensitivity analyses. Kidney disease measures, particularly high ACR, were independently associated with cancer risk. The association between ACR and lung cancer was uniquely robust, warranting future studies to explore potential mechanisms.

scholarly journals Association Between Intake of Fruits and Vegetables by Pesticide Residue Status and Total Cancer Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 349-349
Author(s):  
Helena Sandoval-Insausti ◽  
Yu-Han Chiu ◽  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Andres Ardisson Korat ◽  
Brenda Birmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Pesticide Residue ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Objectives Intake of conventionally grown fruits and vegetables (FVs) is a primary route of exposure to pesticide residues in the general population. While occupational exposure to pesticides used in agriculture is known to be carcinogenic, it is unclear whether exposure to residues of these pesticides through diet carries comparable risks. To address this question, we evaluated the relation of FV intake, classified according to their pesticide residue status, with risk of cancer. Methods This prospective cohort study included 150,830 women (Nurses’ Health Study, 1998–2012, and Nurses’ Health Study II, 1999–2013) and 29,486 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1998–2012) who had no history of cancer. FV intake was ascertained using validated food frequency questionnaires. We categorized FVs as having high- or low-pesticide-residues using a validated scoring system based on pesticide surveillance data from the US Department of Agriculture. We used multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of total and site-specific cancer related to high- and low-pesticide-residue FV intake. Results A total of 18,969 incident cancer cases were documented during 1136,110 person-years of follow-up. In the pooled multivariable analysis, high-pesticide-residue FV intake was not significantly associated with cancer risk. The HR (95% CI) comparing individuals in increasing quintiles of high-residue FV intake to individuals in the lowest quintile were 0.99 (0.94, 1.04), 1.03 (0.98, 1.09), 0.98 (0.93, 1.04), and 1.00 (0.94, 1.06) (p, linear trend = 0.91). When specific sites were examined, we found no association between intake of high-pesticide-residue FVs and risk of any of the sites examined, including malignancies previously linked to occupational pesticide exposure. Similarly, intake of low-pesticide-residue FVs was unrelated to total or site-specific cancer risk. Conclusions These findings suggest that exposure to pesticide residues through intake of FVs at usual levels in the United States is not related to cancer risk despite well documented carcinogenesis in occupational settings. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health.

USE OF AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES AND LUNG CANCER RISK IN THE AGRICULTURAL HEALTH STUDY COHORT

Epidemiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. S178-S179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C.R. Alavanja1 ◽  
Mustafa Dosemeci ◽  
Claudine Samanic ◽  
Jay Lubin ◽  
Charles F. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Agricultural Health ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Agricultural Health Study

scholarly journals Vitamin E intake and the lung cancer risk among female nonsmokers: A report from the Shanghai Women's Health Study

2014 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Jun Wu ◽  
Yong-Bing Xiang ◽  
Gong Yang ◽  
Hong-Lan Li ◽  
Qing Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Study

scholarly journals Calcium Intake and Lung Cancer Risk Among Female Nonsmokers: A Report from the Shanghai Women's Health Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumie Takata ◽  
Xiao-Ou Shu ◽  
Gong Yang ◽  
Honglan Li ◽  
Qi Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Study

scholarly journals Unopposed estrogen and estrogen plus progestin menopausal hormone therapy and lung cancer risk in the NIH–AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise A. Brinton ◽  
Lauren Schwartz ◽  
Margaret R. Spitz ◽  
Yikyung Park ◽  
Albert R. Hollenbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Menopausal Hormone Therapy ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Unopposed Estrogen ◽  
Estrogen Plus Progestin

scholarly journals Resistance training and total and site-specific cancer risk: a prospective cohort study of 33,787 US men

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro F. M. Rezende ◽  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
NaNa Keum ◽  
Kana Wu ◽  
José Eluf-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer

scholarly journals Mortality of site-specific cancer in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwei Ni ◽  
Yuming Long ◽  
Xuya Yuan ◽  
Jianhao Xu ◽  
Jialong Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Background: Numerous studies have reported contradicting results on the relationship between cancer mortality and schizophrenia. Our aim is to quantify the mortality rate of common site-specific cancers among patients with schizophrenia and to synthesize the available research evidence. Method: We performed a systemic search of the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases. Studies reporting the mortality rate of different cancer in patients with schizophrenia were included. A random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results: Seven studies consisting of a total of 1,162,971 participants with schizophrenia were included in this meta-analysis. Data regarding mortality risk of breast, colon, lung and prostate cancer among schizophrenia patients were subjected to quantitative analysis. Pooled results showed significant increases in mortality risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.97, 95%CI 1.38–2.83), lung cancer (RR = 1.93, 95%CI 1.46–2.54) and colon cancer (RR = 1.69, 95%CI 1.60–1.80) in patients with schizophrenia compared with those in the general population or control group. The mortality risk of prostate cancer increased in male patients, although no significant difference was detected (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 0.79–3.15). Increased risks of mortality from lung and colon cancer were observed in female patients (RR = 2.49, 95%CI 2.40–2.59 and RR = 2.42, 95%CI 1.39–4.22, respectively) and elevated risks of mortality from lung and colon cancer in male patients (RR = 2.40, 95%CI 2.30–2.50 and RR = 1.90, 95%CI 1.71–2.11, respectively) were detected. Conclusions: Individuals with schizophrenia have a significantly high risk of mortality from breast, colon, and lung cancer and a high risk of mortality from prostate cancer.

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