scholarly journals Albuminuria, Kidney Function, and Cancer Risk in the Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (9) ◽  
pp. 942-950
Author(s):  
Yejin Mok ◽  
Shoshana H Ballew ◽  
Yingying Sang ◽  
Josef Coresh ◽  
Corinne E Joshu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Shared Risk

Abstract Few studies have comprehensively investigated the association of 2 key kidney disease measures, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), with cancer incidence. In 8,935 participants at the baseline (1996–1998) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, we quantified the associations of eGFR (based on creatinine and cystatin C) and ACR with cancer risk using Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Due to changing guidelines for prostate cancer screening during the follow-up period, we investigated overall cancer, overall nonprostate cancer, and site-specific cancer. During a median follow-up of 14.7 years, 2,030 incident cancer cases occurred. In demographically adjusted models, low eGFR and high ACR were associated with cancer incidence (both overall and overall nonprostate cancer). These associations were attenuated after adjusting for other shared risk factors, with a significant association remaining only for ACR (≥103 compared with 5 mg/g) and overall nonprostate cancer. For site-specific cancer, only high ACR showed a significant association with lung and urinary tract cancers. Of these, the association between ACR and lung cancer appeared most robust in several sensitivity analyses. Kidney disease measures, particularly high ACR, were independently associated with cancer risk. The association between ACR and lung cancer was uniquely robust, warranting future studies to explore potential mechanisms.

Heart Rate Recovery and Cancer Risk: Prospective Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Yong Hyun Byun ◽  
Sang Yeun Kim ◽  
Yejin Mok ◽  
Youngwon Kim ◽  
Sun Ha Jee
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Risk ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

This study aims to determine the association between 2-minute heart rate recovery (HRR) and cancer risk. Each participant (5379 women; 8485 men) provided HRR obtained from treadmill tests. The outcome was site-specific cancer. Over 9 years of follow-up, 630 cancer events (258 women) were accrued. Slower HRR was associated with increased thyroid cancer risk in women ( P for trend = .0121) and colorectal cancer risk in men ( P for trend = .0034). The lowest HRR (<13 bpm) had higher hazards of thyroid cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.28-3.77) in women and colorectal cancer (HR = 3.08; 95% CI = 1.32-7.15) in men. In women, slower HRR and lower proportions of heart rate recovery (PHRR) were associated with higher hazards of thyroid cancer in women and metabolically related cancers (liver and colorectal) in men. Slower HRR and lower PHRR were independent risk factors for thyroid cancer in women and metabolically related cancers in men.

Multivitamin Use and Overall and Site-Specific Cancer Risks in the National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-eun Lim ◽  
Stephanie J Weinstein ◽  
Linda M Liao ◽  
Rashmi Sinha ◽  
Jiaqi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Multivitamin Use

ABSTRACT Background Multivitamins are among the most commonly used supplements in the United States, but their effectiveness in preventing cancer remains unclear. Objectives We prospectively examined the association between multivitamin use and risks of overall and site-specific cancer in a large, well-characterized cohort to ascertain potential preventive or harmful relationships. Methods We examined 489,640 participants ages 50–71 in the NIH–American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) Diet and Health Study who were enrolled from 1995 to 1998. We linked to 11 state cancer registries in order to identify incident cancers. Multivitamin use was assessed by a baseline questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression models of multivitamin use were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for cancer risks in men and women, adjusted for potential confounders, including age, BMI, smoking, physical activity, the Healthy Eating Index 2015 score, and use of single-vitamin/-mineral supplements. Results A slightly higher overall cancer risk was observed in men (but not women) who consumed 1 or more multivitamins daily compared to nonusers [HRs, 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01–1.04) and 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00–1.07), respectively; P-trend = 0.002]. The latter reflected higher risks for prostate cancer (HR, 1.04; 95% CI: 0.98–1.10; P-trend = 0.005), lung cancer (HR, 1.07; 95% CI: 0.96–1.20; P-trend = 0.003), and leukemia (HR, 1.26; 95% CI: 1.02–1.57; P-trend = 0.003). Taking more than 1 multivitamin daily was also strongly positively associated with the risk of oropharyngeal cancer in women (HR, 1.53, 95% CI: 1.04–2.24; P-trend &lt; 0.0001). By contrast, daily multivitamin use was inversely associated with the colon cancer risk in both sexes (HR, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73–0.93; P-trend = 0.0003). Conclusions We found little evidence to support a cancer-preventive role for multivitamin use, with the exception of colon cancer, in both sexes in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. In addition, slightly higher risks of overall, prostate, and lung cancer, as well as leukemia, were observed for greater multivitamin use in men, with a higher oropharyngeal cancer risk in women.

scholarly journals Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Patients Treated Either With RAI or Thyroidectomy for Hyperthyroidism

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 3710-3717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essi Ryödi ◽  
Saara Metso ◽  
Pia Jaatinen ◽  
Heini Huhtala ◽  
Rauni Saaristo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Shared Risk ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

Context: Some previous studies have suggested increased cancer risk in hyperthyroid patients treated with radioactive iodine (RAI). It is unclear whether the excess cancer risk is attributable to hyperthyroidism, its treatment, or the shared risk factors of the two diseases. Objective: The objective was to assess cancer morbidity and mortality in hyperthyroid patients treated with either RAI or surgery. Patients: We identified 4334 patients treated surgically for hyperthyroidism in Finland during 1986–2007 from the Hospital Discharge Registry and 1814 patients treated with RAI for hyperthyroidism at Tampere University Hospital. For each patient, three age- and gender-matched controls were chosen. Information on cancer diagnoses was obtained from the Cancer Registry. The follow-up began 3 months after the treatment and ended at cancer diagnosis, death, emigration, or the common closing date (December 31, 2009). Results: The overall cancer incidence was not increased among the hyperthyroid patients compared to their controls (rate ratio [RR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96–1.15). However, the risk of cancers of the respiratory tract (RR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.05–2.02) and the stomach (RR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.01–2.68) was increased among the patients. The overall cancer mortality did not differ between the patients and the controls (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.94–1.25). The type of treatment did not affect the overall risk of cancer (hazard ratio for RAI vs thyroidectomy, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.86–1.23) or cancer mortality (hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.91–1.21). Conclusions: In this cohort of Finnish patients with hyperthyroidism treated with thyroidectomy or RAI, the overall risk of cancer was not increased, although an increased risk of gastric and respiratory tract cancers was seen in hyperthyroid patients. Based on this large-scale, long-term follow-up study, the increased cancer risk in hyperthyroid patients is attributable to hyperthyroidism and shared risk factors, not the treatment modality.

scholarly journals Association Between Intake of Fruits and Vegetables by Pesticide Residue Status and Total Cancer Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 349-349
Author(s):  
Helena Sandoval-Insausti ◽  
Yu-Han Chiu ◽  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Andres Ardisson Korat ◽  
Brenda Birmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Pesticide Residue ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Objectives Intake of conventionally grown fruits and vegetables (FVs) is a primary route of exposure to pesticide residues in the general population. While occupational exposure to pesticides used in agriculture is known to be carcinogenic, it is unclear whether exposure to residues of these pesticides through diet carries comparable risks. To address this question, we evaluated the relation of FV intake, classified according to their pesticide residue status, with risk of cancer. Methods This prospective cohort study included 150,830 women (Nurses’ Health Study, 1998–2012, and Nurses’ Health Study II, 1999–2013) and 29,486 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1998–2012) who had no history of cancer. FV intake was ascertained using validated food frequency questionnaires. We categorized FVs as having high- or low-pesticide-residues using a validated scoring system based on pesticide surveillance data from the US Department of Agriculture. We used multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of total and site-specific cancer related to high- and low-pesticide-residue FV intake. Results A total of 18,969 incident cancer cases were documented during 1136,110 person-years of follow-up. In the pooled multivariable analysis, high-pesticide-residue FV intake was not significantly associated with cancer risk. The HR (95% CI) comparing individuals in increasing quintiles of high-residue FV intake to individuals in the lowest quintile were 0.99 (0.94, 1.04), 1.03 (0.98, 1.09), 0.98 (0.93, 1.04), and 1.00 (0.94, 1.06) (p, linear trend = 0.91). When specific sites were examined, we found no association between intake of high-pesticide-residue FVs and risk of any of the sites examined, including malignancies previously linked to occupational pesticide exposure. Similarly, intake of low-pesticide-residue FVs was unrelated to total or site-specific cancer risk. Conclusions These findings suggest that exposure to pesticide residues through intake of FVs at usual levels in the United States is not related to cancer risk despite well documented carcinogenesis in occupational settings. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health.

Dietary patterns with combined and site-specific cancer incidence in Alberta’s Tomorrow Project cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romy F. Willemsen ◽  
Jessica McNeil ◽  
Emily Heer ◽  
Steven T. Johnson ◽  
Christine M. Friedenreich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer

scholarly journals Association of Bariatric Surgery With Cancer Incidence in Patients With Obesity and Diabetes: Long-term Results From the Swedish Obese Subjects Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kajsa Sjöholm ◽  
Lena MS Carlsson ◽  
Per-Arne Svensson ◽  
Johanna C. Andersson-Assarsson ◽  
Felipe Kristensson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Diabetes Remission ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Obese Subjects

<b>OBJECTIVE</b> <p>Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with serious, adverse health effects, including cancer. Although bariatric surgery has been shown to reduce cancer risk in patients with obesity, the effect of bariatric surgery on cancer risk in patients with obesity and diabetes is less studied. We therefore examined the long-term incidence of cancer after bariatric surgery and usual care in patients with obesity and diabetes in the matched prospective Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study. </p> <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b></p> <p>The SOS study examines long-term outcomes following bariatric surgery or usual care. The current analysis includes 701 patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes at baseline, 393 of which underwent bariatric surgery, and 308 who received conventional obesity treatment. Information on cancer events was obtained from the Swedish National Cancer Register. Median follow-up time was 21.3 years (interquartile range 17.6-24.8 years, maximum 30.7 years). </p> <p><b>RESULTS</b></p> <p>During follow-up, the incidence rate for first-time cancer was 9.1 per 1000-person-years (95% CI, 7.2-11.5) in patients with obesity and diabetes treated with bariatric surgery and 14.1 per 1000-person-years (95% CI, 11.2-17.7) in patients treated with usual obesity care (HRadj=0.63; 95% CI 0.44-0.89, p=0.008). Moreover, surgery was associated with reduced cancer incidence in women (HRadj=0.58; 0.38-0.90, p=0.016), although the sex-treatment interaction was non-significant (p=0.630). In addition, diabetes remission at the 10-year follow-up was associated with reduced cancer incidence (HRadj=0.40; 95% CI 0.22-0.74, p=0.003).</p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p> <p>These results suggest that bariatric surgery prevents cancer in patients with obesity and diabetes, and that durable diabetes remission is associated with reduced cancer risk. </p>

Reproductive factors and lung cancer risk among never-smoking Japanese women with 21 years of follow-up: a cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. cebp.1399.2020
Author(s):  
Calistus Wilunda ◽  
Norie Sawada ◽  
Taiki Yamaji ◽  
Motoki Iwasaki ◽  
Manami Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Japanese Women

scholarly journals Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer incidence in never smokers: a cohort study

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Yun Park ◽  
Danbee Kang ◽  
Sun Hye Shin ◽  
Kwang-Ha Yoo ◽  
Chin Kook Rhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Never Smokers

There has been limited evidence for the association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the incidence of lung cancer among never smokers. We aimed to estimate the risk of lung cancer incidence in never smokers with COPD, and to compare it with the risk associated with smoking. This cohort study involved 338 548 subjects, 40 to 84 years of age with no history of lung cancer at baseline, enrolled in the National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort. During 2 355 005 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up 7.0 years), 1834 participants developed lung cancer. Compared with never smokers without COPD, the fully-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for lung cancer in never smokers with COPD, ever smokers without COPD, and ever smokers with COPD were 2.67 (2.09 to 3.40), 1.97 (1.75 to 2.21), and 6.19 (5.04 to 7.61), respectively. In this large national cohort study, COPD was also a strong independent risk factor for lung cancer incidence in never smokers, implying that COPD patients are at high risk of lung cancer, irrespective of smoking status.

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