scholarly journals Maternal Dietary Glycemic and Insulinemic Indexes Are Not Associated with Birth Outcomes or Childhood Adiposity at 5 Years of Age in an Irish Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Wei Chen ◽  
Pilar Navarro ◽  
Celine M Murrin ◽  
John Mehegan ◽  
Cecily C Kelleher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Insulinemic Index ◽  
Nonlinear Relation ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Dietary Glycemic Index

ABSTRACT Background High maternal dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) may be associated with adverse offspring birth and postnatal adiposity outcomes through metabolic programming, but the evidence thus far, mainly from studies conducted in high-risk pregnant populations, has been inconclusive. No study has examined the influence of maternal insulin demand [measured by food insulinemic index (II) and insulinemic load (IL)] on offspring outcomes. Objectives We investigated associations between maternal GI, GL, II, and IL and offspring birth outcomes and postnatal adiposity in a general pregnant population. Methods The study was based on data from 842 mother-child pairs from the Lifeways prospective cohort study in Ireland. Through the use of standard methodology, maternal GI, GL, II, and IL were derived from dietary information obtained via a validated food-frequency questionnaire in early pregnancy (12–16 wk). Birth outcomes were abstracted from hospital records. At 5-y follow-up, children's body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were measured. Associations were assessed through the use of multivariable-adjusted regression analysis. Results Mothers had a mean ± SD age of 30.3 ± 5.7 y and a mean BMI (kg/m2) of 23.9 ± 4.2. The mean ± SD for dietary glycemic and insulinemic indexes were: GI = 58.9 ± 4.4; GL = 152 ± 49; II = 57.4 ± 14.5; IL = 673 ± 267. After adjustment for confounders, no consistent associations were observed between maternal GI, GL, II, and IL and birth outcomes including birth weight, macrosomia, gestational age, and postterm births. Similarly, no association was observed with BMI and waist circumference z scores and childhood obesity (general and central) at 5-y follow-up. There was no evidence of a nonlinear relation between the studied indexes and outcomes. Conclusions We observed no clear relation between maternal GI, GL, II, and IL and offspring birth outcomes and childhood obesity in a general pregnant population.

Associations between a maternal healthy lifestyle score and adverse offspring birth outcomes and childhood obesity in the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 2213-2224
Author(s):  
Pilar Navarro ◽  
◽  
John Mehegan ◽  
Celine M. Murrin ◽  
Cecily C. Kelleher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle

scholarly journals Effects of retirement on lifestyle in relation to changes in weight and waist circumference in Dutch men: a prospective study

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1266-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid CJ Nooyens ◽  
Tommy LS Visscher ◽  
A Jantine Schuit ◽  
Caroline TM van Rossum ◽  
WM Monique Verschuren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Fibre Density ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Household Activities ◽  
Eating Breakfast ◽  
A Prospective Study

AbstractObjectiveTo study changes in lifestyle in relation to changes in body weight and waist circumference associated with occupational retirement in men.DesignA prospective cohort study with 5 years of follow-up. At baseline and at follow-up, questionnaires were completed and body weight and waist circumference were measured.SettingThe Doetinchem Cohort Study, consisting of inhabitants of Doetinchem, a town in a rural area of The Netherlands.SubjectsIn total 288 healthy men aged 50–65 years at baseline, who either remained employed or retired over follow-up.ResultsThe effect of retirement on changes in weight and waist circumference was dependent on type of former occupation. Increase in body weight and waist circumference was higher among men who retired from active jobs (0.42 kg year−1 and 0.77 cm year−1, respectively) than among men who retired from sedentary jobs (0.08 kg year−1 and 0.23 cm year−1, respectively). Weight gain and increase in waist circumference were associated with a decrease in fruit consumption and fibre density of the diet, with an increase in frequency of eating breakfast, and with a decrease in several physical activities, such as household activities, bicycling, walking and doing odd jobs.ConclusionRetirement was associated with an increase in weight and waist circumference among those with former active jobs, but not among those with former sedentary jobs. Retirement may bring opportunities for healthy changes in diet and physical activity, which could be used in health promotion programmes.

Independent effects of waist circumference and physical activity on all-cause mortality in Canadian women

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T Katzmarzyk ◽  
Cora L Craig
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Independent Effects

The purpose of this study was to determine the independent effects of waist circumference (WC) and physical inactivity on the risk of mortality in women. This prospective cohort study included 5421 female participants 20-69 years of age in the 1981 Canada Fitness Survey. WC was measured with an anthropometric tape and leisure-time physical activity levels over the previous 12 months were assessed with a questionnaire. Mortality surveillance was conducted by data linkage with the Canadian Mortality Database through 31 December, 1993. The hazard ratios (HR) of mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression with age, smoking status, and alcohol con sumption included as covariates in all models. A total of 225 deaths occurred over an average of 12.4 years of follow up (67 500 person-years of follow up). Physical activity (HR = 0.78; 95% C.I.: 0.64-0.95) and WC (HR = 1.17; 95% C.I.: 1.05-1.31) were associated with mortality when included in separate regression models. When included in the same model, both physical activity (HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.65-0.96) and WC (HR = 1.16; 95% C.I.: 1.04-1.30) remained independent significant predictors of mortality. In conclusion, physical inactivity and high WC have significant independent risks of premature mortality among women.Key words: death, obesity, cohort study, Canada Fitness Survey.

Abstract P064: Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in a Prospective Study Among US Male Health Professionals

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
John P Forman ◽  
Eric B Rimm
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dietary Glycemic Index

Introduction: The associations between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with subsequent risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) are inconclusive among men. The association is further complicated by the potential biological interactions between the carbohydrate quality of the diet and factors that may influence underlying insulin resistance. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that long-term exposure to a diet with high GI and GL would be associated with increased CHD risk in a cohort of US men, and the association would be further modified by fiber intake, alcohol consumption and BMI. Methods: We included 37,736 men aged 40–75 years from the Health Professional Follow-up Study, with no previous diagnosis of CHD, cancer, or type 2 diabetes. We confirmed 3,121 total incident CHD cases during 22 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazard models were used to adjust for covariates. Results: After adjusting for lifestyle and dietary covariates, the hazard ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals comparing men in the highest vs. the lowest quintile was 1.16 (1.04, 1.31; p for trend=0.03) for dietary GI, and 1.09 (0.94, 1.27; p for trend =0.16) for GL. We found a significant effect modification by fiber intake (p=0.02); The associations between GL and CHD risk were strongest among participants in the lowest tertile of fiber intake (RR= 1.00, 1.00, 0.93, 1.11 and 1.16 with increasing quintiles of GL; RR=1.00, 0.68, 0.79, 0.73 and 0.76 for participants in the highest tertile of fiber intake). The association between GL and CHD was stronger among men with body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 kg/m2 than normal weight men, even though the test for interaction was only marginally significant (RR=1.00, 1.03, 1.05, 1.10, and 1.16 for increasing quintles of GL among men with BMI≥25 kg/m2 and RR= 1.00, 0.92, 0.96, 1.09 and 1.04 for men with BMI<25 kg/m2, p for interaction=0.09). Alcohol intake did not modify the association of GL with CHD (p for interaction=0.44). Conclusion: We observed a significantly increased risk of CHD with high GI diet and a modestly elevated association between GL and CHD among men with low fiber intakes or who were overweight or obese. No effect modification by alcohol was observed, but we did find that the association between GL and CHD was more pronounced among those with lower fiber intake or higher BMI.

scholarly journals Relatively Low Maternal Aflatoxin Exposure Is Associated with Small-for-Gestational-Age but Not with Other Birth Outcomes in a Prospective Birth Cohort Study of Nepalese Infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (10) ◽  
pp. 1818-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Y Andrews-Trevino ◽  
Patrick Webb ◽  
Gerald Shively ◽  
Beatrice L Rogers ◽  
Kedar Baral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Z Scores

ABSTRACT Background Exposure to aflatoxin has garnered increased attention as a possible contributor to adverse birth outcomes. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the relation of maternal aflatoxin exposure with adverse birth outcomes such as birth weight, birth length, anthropometric z scores, low birth weight (LBW), small-for-gestational-age (SGA), stunting, and preterm birth (PTB). Methods This study used maternal and newborn data from the AflaCohort Study, an ongoing birth cohort study in Banke, Nepal (n = 1621). Data on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-lysine adducts in maternal serum were collected once during pregnancy (at mean ± SD: 136 ± 43 d of gestation). Maternal serum AFB1-lysine adduct concentration was measured via HPLC. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to determine if maternal aflatoxin exposure was associated with 1) birth weight and length (primary outcomes) and 2) anthropometric z scores, LBW (weight <2.5 kg), SGA (weight <10th percentile for gestational age and sex), stunting at birth (length-for-age z score less than −2), or PTB (born <37 weeks of gestation) (secondary outcomes). Results The geometric mean of maternal serum AFB1-lysine adduct concentration was 1.37 pg/mg albumin (95% CI: 1.30, 1.44 pg/mg albumin). Twenty percent of infants were of LBW and 32% were SGA. Sixteen percent of infants were stunted at birth. In addition, 13% of infants were born preterm. In logistic multivariate regression models, mean maternal serum AFB1-lysine adduct concentrations were significantly associated with SGA (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.27; P < 0.05). Conclusions Findings from this study suggest a small but significant association between serum AFB1-lysine adduct concentrations in pregnant women and SGA. Maternal aflatoxin exposure was not associated with other birth outcomes. These results highlight the need for future research on a threshold level of aflatoxin exposure needed to produce detectable adverse birth outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03312049.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Relation between Waist Circumference within the Normal Range and Development of Reflux Esophagitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Hyo-Joon Yang ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
Soo-Kyung Park ◽  
Yoon Suk Jung ◽  
Jung Ho Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Reflux Esophagitis ◽  
Upper Endoscopy ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hazard Ratios

We examined the association of abdominal obesity and waist circumference within normal range with the incidence of reflux esophagitis, separately in men and women. This cohort study involved 142,679 Korean adults without reflux esophagitis, who underwent upper endoscopy at baseline and during follow-up. Waist circumference was categorized into the following quartiles: <80, 80.1–85, 85.1–90, and ≥90.1 cm in men; and <69.3, 69.3–74, 74.1–79.5, and ≥79.6 cm in women. During the 551,877.8 person-years of follow-up, 29,509 participants developed reflux esophagitis. The association between waist circumference quartiles and risk of reflux esophagitis significantly differed with sex (p for interaction < 0.001). In men, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) comparing waist circumference quartiles 2, 3, and 4 to the lowest quartile were 1.03 (0.99–1.07), 1.08 (1.04–1.12), and 1.15 (1.10–1.19), respectively. In women, HRs (95% CIs) comparing quartiles 1, 2, and 4 to the 3rd quartile were 1.10 (1.04–1.17), 1.03 (0.98–1.10), and 1.07 (1.01–1.13), respectively. In this large cohort with endoscopic follow-up, the risk of reflux esophagitis increased with increasing waist circumference even within the normal range in men, whereas the risk increased with low normal waist circumference or with abdominal obesity in women, indicating a U-shaped association.

scholarly journals Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and the risk of breast cancer in an Italian prospective cohort study

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1160-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Sieri ◽  
Valeria Pala ◽  
Furio Brighenti ◽  
Nicoletta Pellegrini ◽  
Paola Muti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Dietary Glycemic Index

Growth from birth to 6 months of infants with and without intrauterine preeclampsia exposure

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Megan L. Gow ◽  
Lynne Roberts ◽  
Amanda Henry ◽  
Gregory Davis ◽  
George Mangos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Normotensive Pregnancy

Abstract Intrauterine preeclampsia exposure affects the lifelong cardiometabolic health of the child. Our study aimed to compare the growth (from birth to 6 months) of infants exposed to either a normotensive pregnancy or preeclampsia and explore the influence of being born small for gestational age (SGA). Participants were children of women participating in the Post-partum, Physiology, Psychology and Paediatric follow-up cohort study. Birth and 6-month weight and length z-scores were calculated for term and preterm (<37 weeks) babies, and change in weight z-score, rapid weight gain (≥0.67 increase in weight z-score) and conditional weight gain z-score were calculated. Compared with normotensive exposed infants (n = 298), preeclampsia exposed infants (n = 84) were more likely to be born SGA (7% versus 23%; P < 0.001), but weight gain from birth to 6 months, by any measure, did not differ between groups. Infants born SGA, irrespective of pregnancy exposure, were more likely to have rapid weight gain and had greater increases in weight z-score compared with those not born SGA. Preeclampsia exposed infants born SGA may benefit from interventions designed to prevent future cardiometabolic disease.

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