scholarly journals Hemodynamic Force as a Potential Regulator of Inflammation-Mediated Focal Growth of Saccular Aneurysms in a Rat Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Kampei Shimizu ◽  
Hiroharu Kataoka ◽  
Hirohiko Imai ◽  
Yuto Yamamoto ◽  
Tomohiro Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Median Size ◽  
Hemodynamic Force ◽  
Dynamics Analyses ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries ◽  
Saccular Aneurysms

Abstract Past studies have elucidated the crucial role of macrophage-mediated inflammation in the growth of intracranial aneurysms (IAs), but the contributions of hemodynamics are unclear. Considering the size of the arteries, we induced de novo aneurysms at the bifurcations created by end-to-side anastomoses with the bilateral common carotid arteries in rats. Sequential morphological data of induced aneurysms were acquired by magnetic resonance angiography. Computational fluid dynamics analyses and macrophage imaging by ferumoxytol were performed. Using this model, we found that de novo saccular aneurysms with a median size of 3.2 mm were induced in 20/45 (44%) of animals. These aneurysms mimicked human IAs both in morphology and pathology. We detected the focal growth of induced aneurysms between the 10th and 17th day after the anastomosis. The regional maps of hemodynamic parameters demonstrated the area exposed to low wall shear stress (WSS) and high oscillatory shear index (OSI) colocalized with the regions of growth. WSS values were significantly lower in the growing regions than in ones without growth. Macrophage imaging showed colocalization of macrophage infiltration with the growing regions. This experimental model demonstrates the potential contribution of low WSS and high OSI to the macrophage-mediated growth of saccular aneurysms.

L-type Ca2+ channels in fetal and adult ovine cerebral arteries

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. R131-R138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlin B. Blood ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Wen Long ◽  
Lubo Zhang ◽  
Lawrence D. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Bay K 8644 ◽  
Channel Density ◽  
Immunoblotting Assay ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries ◽  
Fetal Vessels ◽  
Ca2 Channels

Recently, we reported that, whereas in cerebral arteries of the adult a majority of norepinephrine (NE)-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) comes from release of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ stores, in the fetus the SR Ca2+ stores are relatively small, and NE-induced increase in [Ca2+]i results mainly from activation of plasma membrane L-type Ca2+ channels (20). In an effort to establish further the role of L-type Ca2+ channels in the developing cerebral arteries, we tested the hypothesis that, in the fetus, increased reliance on plasmalemmal L-type Ca2+ channels is mediated, in part, by increased L-type Ca2+ channel density. We used3H-labeled (+)isopropyl-4-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-y1)-1,4-dihydro-(2,6-dimethyl-5-methoxycarbonyl)pyridine-3-carboxylate (PN200–110, isradipine) to measure L-type Ca2+ channel density (Bmax) in the cerebral arteries, common carotid artery (CCA), and descending aortae of fetal (∼140 gestation days), newborn (7–10 days), and adult sheep. In the cerebral and common carotid arteries, Bmax values (fmol/mg protein) of fetuses and newborns were significantly greater than those of adults. Western immunoblotting assay also revealed that the density of L-type Ca2+ channel protein in the cerebral arteries and CCA was about twofold greater in the fetus than the adult. Finally, compared with the adult, fetal cerebral arteries demonstrated a significantly greater maximum tension and [Ca2+]i in response to stimulation with the L-type Ca2+ channel agonist Bay K 8644. In addition, Bay K 8644-stimulated fetal vessels demonstrated a maximal tension and [Ca2+]isimilar to that observed in response to stimulation with 10−4 NE. These results support the idea that fetal cerebrovascular smooth muscle relies more on extracellular Ca2+ and L-type Ca2+ channels for contraction than does the adult and that this increased reliance is mediated, in part, by greater L-type Ca2+ channel density. This may have important implications in the regulation of cerebral blood flow in the developing organism.

De Novo Saccular Aneurysms

Neurosurgery ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basant K. Misra ◽  
Ian R. Whittle ◽  
A. James W. Steers ◽  
Robin J. Sellar
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Saccular Aneurysms

ABSTRACT The authors report two patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in whom carotid arteriography revealed aneurysms that had developed at previously normal locations and from infundibula during the years since initial angiography. Neither of these patients had congenital anomalies of the cerebral circulation and, apart from smoking in excess of 30 cigarettes a day, there were no common clinical features. The role of congenital and environmental factors in the formation of aneurysms and the enlargement of infundibula are reviewed.

ROLE OF ENDOTHELIUM AND VASOCONSTRICTOR PROSTANOIDS IN NOREPINEPHRINE-INDUCED VASOCONSTRICTION IN ISOLATED RAT COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Furuhashi ◽  
Seiji Miyazaki ◽  
Masanori Kamura ◽  
Shoichi Emura ◽  
Keigo Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries ◽  
Isolated Rat

scholarly journals Delayed Hypoperfusion after Incomplete Forebrain Ischemia in the Rat. The Role of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne Grøgaard ◽  
Ludwig Schürer ◽  
Bengt Gerdin ◽  
Karl E. Arfors
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Local Blood Flow ◽  
Ischemic Insult ◽  
Ischemic Period ◽  
Normal Sheep Serum ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

The role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) in postischemic delayed hypoperfusion in the rat brain was investigated. Cerebral ischemia was accomplished by reversible bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries for 15 min combined with bleeding to an MABP of 50 mm Hg. The animals of one group were depleted of their circulating PMNLs by intraperitoneal injections of an antineutrophil serum (ANS) prior to the experiment. All animals included in this group had fewer than 0.2 × 109 circulating PMNLs/L at the start of the experiments. In another group ANS was injected intravenously for 5 min starting 2 min after the ischemic insult. After 4 min of recirculation, the number of circulating PMNLs in this group was below 10% of the normal. Control animals were injected with the same amount of normal sheep serum or were not treated at all. Sixty minutes after termination of ischemia, the local blood flow in previously ischemic cerebral structures was 40–50% of the normal as measured with the [14C]iodoantipyrine technique. In animals treated with ANS prior to the ischemic insult, the postischemic blood flow in the frontal, sensorimotor, and parietal cortex as well as caudoputamen and thalamus was significantly higher than that in non-ANS-treated animals. Treatment with ANS immediately after the ischemic period caused no improvement of the local CBF. It is concluded that PMNLs are involved in the cerebral postischemic flow derangements seen in this model. Their effects seem to be exerted during ischemia or immediately upon reinstitution of blood flow.

scholarly journals Role of Rauwolfia serpentina in stroke induced experimental dementia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Neema Kanyal
Keyword(s):  
Water Maze ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Escape Latency ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Rauwolfia Serpentina ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Objective: To investigate the Role of Rauwolfia serpentina in stroke induced experimental dementia. Methods: Methanolic root extract of Rauwolfia serpentina(RS) at a dose of 10mg/kg,20mg/kg and 40mg/kg;p.o. was studied against global cerebral ischemia induced dementia by occluding both common carotid arteries. RS at a dose of 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg and 40mg/kg;p.o. were administered for 14 days before and 7 days after both common carotid arteries occlusion(BCCAO) and were continued during behavioral testing i.e. Morris water maze test and elevated plus maze test. At the end of all experiment mice brain were removed and TBARS level, SOD level and infract size were determined.Results : Occlusion of both common carotid arteries significantly increased escape latency time(ELT) during acquisition trial and decrease, time spent in target quadrant on morris water maze, an increase in escape latency time was also observed on elevated plus maze when measured after 7 days of occlusion.Furthermore, TBARS levels, SOD levels and infract size were also increased when measured after 12 days of occlusion. Administration of RS specially at a dose of 20mg/kg and 40mg/kg;p.o. significantly attenuated these alteration and show neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress, infract size and learning and memory impairment. Conclusions: These finding suggest that Rauwolfia serpentina may have a promising role as a prophylactic drug in stroke induced experimental dementia due to its neuroprotective effect. The phenolic compound like phenolic acid, flavanoids and tannins present in the plant.

scholarly journals  The branching of the aortic arch in the Eurasian bittern (Botaurus stellaris, Linnaeus 1758)

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Erdogan
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Thoracic Inlet ◽  
Vascular Morphology ◽  
Exotic Birds ◽  
The Common ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

This study was aimed at determining the vascular architecture of the aortic arch in the Eurasian bittern. For this purpose, the heart arteries of two bitterns were evaluated. The latex injection method was used to observe the branching of the aortic arch. Two brachiocephalic trunks were arising separately from the aortic arch and these arteries were giving to the common carotid and subclavian arteries. One of the thin branches arising from the subclavian artery was the sternoclavicular artery, which was in turn dividing into a sternal and a clavicular artery supplying the thoracic inlet and pectoral muscles. After the branching of the sternoclavicular artery, the axillary arteries were originating from the subclavian arteries. The thickest branch of the subclavian artery was the thoracic artery, which was dividing into internal and external thoracic arteries. Moreover, the brachiocephalic trunks were giving rise to the common carotid arteries and these were running cranially, giving rise to tracheosyringeal branches supplying the trachea and syrinx, thyroid artery, esophageal branches, artery of the comes nervi vagi and vertebral trunk. It is hoped that this study will enhance morphological data on exotic birds since the reports on species-specific vascular morphology in wild birds are insufficient and lacking in detail.  

Effects of carotid occlusion and left atrial distention on plasma vasopressin titer

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Share
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrium ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Balloon Inflation ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Afferent Nerve Fibers ◽  
Stretch Receptors ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

This investigation was directed toward the clarification of the role of left atrial stretch receptors in the regulation of the blood level of vasopressin. Occlusion of both common carotid arteries in the anesthetized dog resulted in a marked elevation of the plasma titer of ADH. This response was blocked by the simultaneous inflation of a balloon in the left atrium. Balloon inflation was ineffective in the vagotomized dog. It is concluded that activation of stretch receptors in the wall of the left atrium results in an inhibition of the release of ADH from the neurohypophysis and that the afferent nerve fibers for these receptors are carried by the vagi.

Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression (Sponsor: Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg)

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Mtor Inhibitor ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Expert Meeting ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractImmunosuppression permits graft survival after transplantation and consequently a longer and better life. On the other hand, it increases the risk of infection, for instance with cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, the various available immunosuppressive therapies differ in this regard. One of the first clinical trials using de novo everolimus after kidney transplantation [1] already revealed a considerably lower incidence of CMV infection in the everolimus arms than in the mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) arm. This result was repeatedly confirmed in later studies [2–4]. Everolimus is now considered a substance with antiviral properties. This article is based on the expert meeting “Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression”. The expert panel called for a paradigm shift: In a CMV prevention strategy the targeted selection of the immunosuppressive therapy is also a key element. For patients with elevated risk of CMV, mTOR inhibitor-based immunosuppression is advantageous as it is associated with a significantly lower incidence of CMV events.

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