Pertussis Seasonality Evident in Polymerase Chain Reaction and Serological Testing Data, Queensland, Australia

Abstract The epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children has been challenging to establish, owing to the high prevalence of asymptomatic infection in this population. Lower secondary attack rates in children compared to adults have been observed in household contact studies, but there is evidence this may reflect lower testing in children and reduced exposure, rather than a genuine difference in biological susceptibility. Additionally, children may shed infectious virus for a shorter period than adults and their antibody response may be less broad, with implications for both polymerase chain reaction and serological testing. Improvements in study design, data collection, and data interpretation are required to better understand the epidemiology of COVID-19 in children.

Download Full-text

Determining the Most Accurate and Early Form for Detection of Lyme Disease

Maneto Undergraduate Research Journal ◽

10.15367/m:turj.v3i1.320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Samantha Zaremba

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Lyme Disease ◽

Diagnostic System ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Serological Testing ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Early Form ◽

Chronic Lyme Disease ◽

Diagnostic Standards ◽

Polymerase Chain

Lyme disease is the most common vector-based disease with over 300,000 new cases each year. The current diagnostic system for those with Early Lyme disease is only about 40% accurate. Since the severity of symptoms and probability of recurrence significantly increases as time progresses, there is a need to find a new alternative diagnostic system for Early Lyme disease. Many solutions to this problem are considered within this document, most notably: polymerase chain reaction detection, metabolic biosignature testing, and OspC targeting serological testing. After further analysis, metabolic biosignature testing is considered the best alternative since it yields the highest diagnosis sensitivity with around 89% accuracy. Additionally, metabolic biosignature testing is both cost effective and widely applicable since it does not require the Erythema migran rash to be used. Once in place, Lyme disease will be able to be diagnosed quicker, thus reducing the number of cases of Chronic Lyme disease which significantly reduces personal quality of life and is often costly. Keywords: Early Lyme disease, Metabolic Biosignature, Serological testing, Borrelia burgdorferi, Diagnostic Standards, Polymerase Chain Reaction

Download Full-text

Diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae Lower Respiratory Infection in Hospitalized Children by Culture, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Serological Testing, and Urinary Antigen Detection

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/324358 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. e1-e11 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

I. C. Michelow ◽

J. Lozano ◽

K. Olsen ◽

C. Goto ◽

N. K. Rollins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Hospitalized Children ◽

Lower Respiratory Infection ◽

Serological Testing ◽

Urinary Antigen ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Urinary Antigen Detection

Download Full-text

Are we prepared for the revolution in diagnostic technology?

Microbiology Australia ◽

10.1071/ma06055 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Antony Della-Porta

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Large Scale ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Infectious Agents ◽

Serological Testing ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

The Past ◽

Dna And Rna ◽

Diagnostic Technology ◽

Polymerase Chain

The advances in diagnostic technology have been significant over the past 3 decades. The introduction of the enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) revolutionised serological assays and enabled large scale automation of serological testing. Equally, the introduction of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enabled the amplification of DNA and RNA gene segments and the detection of infectious agents with high sensitivity and specificity.

Download Full-text

Extended-Interval Gentamicin Dosing for Pulmonic Tularemia

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1155/2019/9870510 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Tyson Dietrich ◽

Katelynn Garcia ◽

Joe Strain ◽

John Ashurst

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Case Series ◽

Side Effect Profile ◽

Serological Testing ◽

Gastrointestinal Involvement ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Published Evidence ◽

Polymerase Chain

Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that is rarely encountered in clinical practice. Patients can present with cutaneous, pulmonary, cardiac, mucous membrane, or gastrointestinal involvement. A clinician should have a heightened suspicion in endemic areas or when outbreaks appear. Diagnosis is achieved through serological testing or polymerase chain reaction assays. Although historically the treatment of choice was streptomycin, gentamicin is now preferred due to its availability and relatively safer side effect profile with extended-interval dosing. Limited published evidence exists on the effectiveness of extended-interval gentamicin for tularemia. This case series describes four patients with pulmonic tularemia successfully treated with extended-interval dosing of gentamicin without treatment failure or relapse.

Download Full-text

SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics and transmission from community-wide serological testing in the Italian municipality of Vo’

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-24622-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ilaria Dorigatti ◽

Enrico Lavezzo ◽

Laura Manuto ◽

Constanze Ciavarella ◽

Monia Pacenti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Credible Interval ◽

Transmission Probability ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Serological Testing ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Limited Impact ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Antibody Dynamics

AbstractIn February and March 2020, two mass swab testing campaigns were conducted in Vo’, Italy. In May 2020, we tested 86% of the Vo’ population with three immuno-assays detecting antibodies against the spike and nucleocapsid antigens, a neutralisation assay and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Subjects testing positive to PCR in February/March or a serological assay in May were tested again in November. Here we report on the results of the analysis of the May and November surveys. We estimate a seroprevalence of 3.5% (95% Credible Interval (CrI): 2.8–4.3%) in May. In November, 98.8% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 93.7–100.0%) of sera which tested positive in May still reacted against at least one antigen; 18.6% (95% CI: 11.0–28.5%) showed an increase of antibody or neutralisation reactivity from May. Analysis of the serostatus of the members of 1,118 households indicates a 26.0% (95% CrI: 17.2–36.9%) Susceptible-Infectious Transmission Probability. Contact tracing had limited impact on epidemic suppression.

Download Full-text

High performance Nanogold™-in situ hybridzation and its use in the detection of hybridized and PCR-amplified microscopical preparations

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100166944 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 896-897

Author(s):

G. W. Hacker ◽

I. Zehbe ◽

J. Hainfeld ◽

A.-H. Graf ◽

C. Hauser-Kronberger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

High Performance ◽

Detection System ◽

Direct Methods ◽

Genetic Alterations ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Protein Encoding ◽

Polymerase Chain

In situ hybridization (ISH) with biotin-labeled probes is increasingly used in histology, histopathology and molecular biology, to detect genetic nucleic acid sequences of interest, such as viruses, genetic alterations and peptide-/protein-encoding messenger RNA (mRNA). In situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (PCR in situ hybridization = PISH) and the new in situ self-sustained sequence replication-based amplification (3SR) method even allow the detection of single copies of DNA or RNA in cytological and histological material. However, there is a number of considerable problems with the in situ PCR methods available today: False positives due to mis-priming of DNA breakdown products contained in several types of cells causing non-specific incorporation of label in direct methods, and re-diffusion artefacts of amplicons into previously negative cells have been observed. To avoid these problems, super-sensitive ISH procedures can be used, and it is well known that the sensitivity and outcome of these methods partially depend on the detection system used.

Download Full-text