scholarly journals The Design, Construction and Maintenance of a SuDS management Train to Address Surface water Flows by Engaging the Community: Gawilan Refugee Camp, Ninewah Governate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne M Charlesworth ◽  
Mitchell Mctough ◽  
Andrew Adam-Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Crisis Conditions

Abstract Refugee camps are set up under crisis conditions in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) with Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) installed as a matter of course. However, in general, little account is taken of surface-water drainage or greywater management until the camp floods or greywater streams become an environmental or health issue. This article reports on the construction of a sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) management train in a refugee camp with the community and local non-governmental organizations to address excess surface water and lack of greywater management in this most challenging of environments. There is thus potential to influence policy, at the first stages of planning, to encourage the installation of drainage as well as WASH. SuDS mimic nature by percolating water into the ground, storing it and allowing slow conveyance to reduce the storm peak, improve water quality and provide space for amenity for residents and for biodiversity. By encouraging the water to infiltrate, polluted standing water between dwellings and on the street is reduced, so that human and environmental health is improved, with the potential to address nuisance-insect-breeding sites. Site walkovers, workshops and meetings engaged residents in the design process from the very beginning. The design produced by the community was professionally drawn up and passed to the UNHCR and local management engineers for comment and approval; this article describes the process of designing and constructing the first SuDS-management train to be built in a humanitarian setting.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in conflict border regions: a case of South Kordofan, Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quraish Sserwanja ◽  
Mohammed Bashir Adam ◽  
Joseph Kawuki ◽  
Emmanuel Olal
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Bed Capacity ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Set Up ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
South Kordofan

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in Sudan on 13 March 2020. Since then, Sudan has experienced one of the highest rates of COVID-19 spread and fatalities in Africa. One year later, as per 22 March 2021, Sudan had registered 29,661 confirmed cases and 2,028 deaths with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 6.8 %. By 12 December 2020, of the 18 states in Sudan, South Kordofan had the fifth highest CFR of 17.4 %, only surpassed by the other conflict affected North (57.5 %), Central (50.0 %) and East (31.8 %) Darfur States. By late March 2021, just three months from December 2020, the number of cases in South Kordofan increased by 100 %, but with a significant decline in the CFR from 17.4 to 8.5 %. South Kordofan is home to over 200,000 poor and displaced people from years of destructive civil unrests. To date, several localities such as the Nubba mountains region remain under rebel control and are not accessible. South Kordofan State Ministry of Health in collaboration with the federal government and non-governmental organizations set up four isolation centres with 40 total bed capacity, but with only two mechanical ventilators and no testing centre. There is still need for further multi-sectoral coalition and equitable allocation of resources to strengthen the health systems of rural and conflict affected regions. This article aims at providing insight into the current state of COVID-19 in South Kordofan amidst the second wave to address the dearth of COVID-19 information in rural and conflict affected regions.

Editorial: Knowing when and how to disengage humanitarian response

Waterlines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
Richard Carter
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Set Up

The machinery of international humanitarian response, once triggered and functioning in a country, has a life of its own. A multiplicity of United Nations agencies and international non-governmental organizations set up their programmes. The various sector- or subject-focused ‘clusters’, established to strengthen pre-emergency preparedness and operational coordination once an emergency has occurred, are activated. Humanitarian response plans are published, and appeals for funds made.

Singapore

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kua Ee Heok ◽  
Iris Rawtaer
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Day Care Centres ◽  
Set Up

The main caregivers of elderly people with dementia in Singapore are the family. In recent years, community services like day care centres, home care, respite care, and nursing homes have expanded. Non-governmental organizations are actively involved in providing a spectrum of services, ranging from medical, nursing, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and counselling. General hospitals have set up geriatric and psycho-geriatric teams for dementia patients. There is now a focus on dementia prevention, and a successful prevention programme has been extended to three additional community centres. The challenge ahead is not only having sufficient dementia services, but also ensuring there are sufficient trained health professionals to provide the services. Current strengths in dementia care include strong emphasis on family care, increased availability of dementia community services like day care centres, and increased number of health professionals trained in dementia care. Future priorities include integrating hospital care into the community, keeping down the cost of dementia care, and creating dementia-friendly environments.

Fusion of the Associations and Foundations Set Up on the Basis of OG 26/2000

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-302
Author(s):  
Andra Maria Brezniceanu
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Set Up

AbstractFusion of associations and foundations is an institution scarcely ruled by the Romanian legislation, compelling the most of cases the practice to fall back on to legal dispositions regarding the commercial companies, mainly due to the lack of legislation or a clear practice that does not allow ambiguity. In fact, the only regulations regarding these institutions are provided by the art. 33 – 34 index 1 from OG 26/2000 and art. 234 – 239 from the Civil Code, settlements that do not answer to the dynamics of the non-governmental organizations, that weight more and more in the Romanian society. Thereby, it is difficult for us to answer how to transfer the assets and liabilities (on the fusion and split up date or thereafter), at the possibility as that an association fuses with a foundation or that a foundation splits up in many associations, even that by clearance the patrimony of an association may be transferred to a foundation or that of a foundation to an non-profit association. Therefore we consider that a practical approach is compulsory for this subject with regard the completion of legislative lacks in this field, by reporting to juridical norms and the principles of the civil law as well in order to identify the optimal solutions in these cases.

Drinking water infrastructure in the Ashanti Region of Ghana: developing a model for sustainable interventions by non-governmental organizations

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
D. Alexander ◽  
N. Wilson ◽  
R. Gieseker ◽  
E. Bartlett ◽  
N. A. Rosseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Ashanti Region ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Access to clean water plays a critical role in advancing health in low- and middle-income countries. Over the past decade, Ghana has met United Nations targets for expanding access to clean water. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have taken part in this achievement; however, they have done so with varying success. In 2013, researchers from the University of Chicago, accompanied by local partners, visited seven villages in the Ashanti Region in which a Ghanaian NGO had installed boreholes for drinking water access. Household and leader questionnaires were administered to examine the impact of the project on each community. Four additional villages, which utilize surface water, were visited to establish baseline health and sanitation characteristics. Water samples were collected from primary drinking water sources and tested for coliforms. Two out of seven NGO wells were non-functional and over 35% of respondents cited broken pipes as common problems. Nonetheless, over 60% of respondents reported that a borehole had reduced their water collection time by a median of 30 minutes daily. Coliform counts were lower in samples taken from boreholes relative to samples taken from communities using surface water. Finally, we found redundant water services in many communities and no formalized approach to borehole maintenance.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

1955 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-561
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Director General ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Member States ◽  
United Nations Educational ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Fundamental Education ◽  
Set Up

Executive Board37th Session: The 37th session of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Executive Board was held in Paris from March 10 to April 9, 1954, under the chairmanship of Sir Ronald Adam. At its opening meeting, the Board heard oral reports from the chairman, Professor Oscar Secco Ellauri and the Director-General on a visit they had made to member states in Asia. The report of the Director-General on the activities of UNESCO in 1953 was considered by the Board in conjunction with the draft program of work and budget estimates for 1955–1956 prepared by the Director-General and the preparation of recommendations to the General Conference. The Board approved comments to be made in communicating the report of the Director-General to member states, and also a report on its own work during 1953. Various modifications in the Director-General's draft program and budget estimates for 1955–1956 were recommended by the Board, which decided to prepare its recommendations to the eighdi session of the General Conference at its 38th session, on the basis of the revised draft to be presented at that time by the Director-General. The Board approved reports from the Program Commission on Fundamental Education Centers and the special committee set up to study questions relating to subventions to non-governmental organizations.

scholarly journals Balearic Islands boat seine fisheries: the transparent goby fishery an example of co-management

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 2053-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Morales-Nin ◽  
Antoni María Grau ◽  
Juan Salvador Aguilar ◽  
María del Mar Gil ◽  
Elena Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Sand And Gravel

Abstract An economically important, small-scale fishery operates during the winter months in Mallorca. Using a special surrounding net that is hauled over the sand and gravel bottoms of bays at depths reaching 30 m, it primarily targets Aphia minuta and Pseudaphya ferreri, but other goby species and juveniles of the Pagellus spp are also caught. Similar fisheries are operated on the Spanish coast and in Italy. This fishery is run with specific licenses, equipment controls, and closed seasons (based on species availability). In cooperation with local fishermen, the administration has in recent years established a daily quota for sustaining the sales prices 22of the species caught. A management plan was set up in 2013 in accordance with European Union rules to ensure the sustainability of the fishery. Its sustainable quotas have been set at 30 kg/day/boat for A. minuta and 50 kg/day/boat for P. ferreri, and the by-catch cannot exceed 10% of the total catch. Landings are permitted in 11 fixed ports and only 35 boats can fish with the regulated nets from December 15 to April 30. A co-management committee was created with the participation of the public administration, fishermen’s associations, researchers, and certain non-governmental organizations. The co-management process was revised and fishermen’s opinions were obtained in a successful enquiry that was answered by the majority of the operating fleet, and their views on the management rules will be considered in future regulations. The co-management of the small-scale boat seine fishery in the Balearic Islands is thus an ongoing collaborative and communicative process in a local community that continues to evolve over time. Although the fishermen are represented by their port guilds, communication efforts are necessary in the near future to ensure the success of the co-management process.

scholarly journals Innovative strategies for providing menstruation-supportive water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities: learning from refugee camps in Cox’s bazar, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Schmitt ◽  
Olivia R. Wood ◽  
David Clatworthy ◽  
Sabina Faiz Rashid ◽  
Marni Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Female Beneficiary

Abstract Background There is growing attention to addressing the menstrual hygiene management (MHM) needs of the over 21 million displaced adolescent girls and women globally. Current approaches to MHM-related humanitarian programming often prioritize the provision of menstrual materials and information. However, a critical component of an MHM response includes the construction and maintenance of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities, including more female-friendly toilets. This enables spaces for menstruating girls and women to change, dispose, wash and dry menstrual materials; all of which are integral tasks required for MHM. A global assessment identified a number of innovations focused on designing and implementing menstruation-supportive WASH facilities in the Rohingya refugee camps located in Cox’s Bazar (CXB), Bangladesh. These pilot efforts strove to include the use of more participatory methodologies in the process of developing the new MHM-supportive WASH approaches. This study aimed to capture new approaches and practical insights on innovating menstrual disposal, waste management and laundering in emergency contexts through the conduct of a qualitative assessment in CXB. Methods The qualitative assessment was conducted in the Rohingya refugee camps in CXB in September of 2019 to capture new approaches and practical insights on innovating for menstrual disposal, waste management and laundering. This included Key Informant Interviews with 19 humanitarian response staff from the WASH and Protection sectors of a range of non-governmental organizations and UN agencies; Focus Group Discussions with 47 Rohingya adolescent girls and women; and direct observations of 8 WASH facilities (toilets, bathing, and laundering spaces). Results Key findings included: one, the identification of new female-driven consultation methods aimed at improving female beneficiary involvement and buy-in during the design and construction phases; two, the design of new multi-purpose WASH facilities to increase female beneficiary usage; three, new menstrual waste disposal innovations being piloted in communal and institutional settings, with female users indicating at least initial acceptability; and four, novel strategies for engaging male beneficiaries in the design of female WASH facilities, including promoting dialogue to generate buy-in regarding the importance of these facilities and debate about their placement. Conclusions Although the identified innovative participatory methodologies and design approaches are promising, the long term viability of the facilities, including plans to expand them, may be dependent on the continued engagement of girls and women, and the availability of resources.

scholarly journals Innovative Strategies For Providing Menstruation-Supportive Water, Sanitation And Hygiene (Wash) Facilities: Learning From Refugee Camps In Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L Schmitt ◽  
Olivia R. Wood ◽  
David Clatworthy ◽  
Sabina Faiz Rashid ◽  
Marni Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Female Beneficiary

Abstract Background: There is growing attention to addressing the menstrual hygiene management (MHM) needs of the over 21 million displaced adolescent girls and women globally. Current approaches to MHM-related humanitarian programming often prioritize the provision of menstrual materials and information. However, a critical component of an MHM response includes the construction and maintenance of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities, including more female-friendly toilets. This enables spaces for menstruating girls and women to change, dispose, wash and dry menstrual materials; all of which are integral tasks required for MHM. A global assessment identified a number of innovations focused on designing and implementing menstruation-supportive WASH facilities in the refugee camps located in Cox’s Bazar (CXB), Bangladesh. These pilot efforts strove to include the use of more participatory methodologies in the process of developing the new MHM-supportive WASH approaches.Methods: A qualitative assessment was conducted in the Rohingya refugee camps in CXB in September of 2019 to capture new approaches and practical insights on innovating for menstrual disposal, waste management and laundering. This included Key Informant Interviews with 19 humanitarian response staff from the WASH and Protection sectors of a range of non-governmental organizations and UN agencies; Focus Group Discussions with 47 Rohingya adolescent girls and women; and direct observations of 8 WASH facilities (toilets, bathing, and laundering spaces).Results: Key findings included one, the identification of new female-driven consultation methods aimed at improving female beneficiary involvement and buy-in during the design and construction phases; two, the design of new multi-purpose WASH facilities to increase female beneficiary usage; three, new menstrual waste disposal innovations being piloted in communal and institutional settings, with female users indicating at least initial acceptability; and four, novel strategies for engaging male beneficiaries in the design of female WASH facilities, including promoting dialogue to generate buy-in regarding the importance of these facilities and debate about their placement.Conclusions: Although the identified innovative participatory methodologies and design approaches are promising, the long term viability of the facilities, including plans to expand them, may be dependent on the continued engagement of girls and women, and the availability of resources.

scholarly journals Corporate Leadership, Multilevel Enforcement and Biodiversity Regulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
João Paulo Cândia Veiga ◽  
Fausto Makishi ◽  
Murilo Alves Zacareli
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Private Governance ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Set Up

Globalization incentives the rise of non-state actors in unprecedented ways along with the creation of transnational arenas which are neither international (intergovernmental) nor national (domestic), but transborder political processes where firms, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), states and social communities set up rules and provide governance mechanisms to enforce those at local level. The article is anchored in the idea that public-private governance matters where the primary driver is the market incentive. We test the hypotheses that public-private cooperation at local level is based on shared knowledge and expertise among firms, civil society and state authority dealing with a natural resource which comes from the Brazilian biodiversity. NGOs and companies have developed the ability to act as enforcers as they interpret the public international/national regulation and develop an expertise through ‘best practices’ that are applied to enforce biodiversity regulation at the local level through a multilevel system that operates transnationally.

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