scholarly journals The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of urgent surgery: a perspective from the USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhiman Cheeyandira
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urgent Surgery ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Made In

Abstract Corona virus pandemic has affected all the 50 states in the USA. States such as NY, CA and WA being the most affected. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website, as of 28 March 2020, the total number of cases in the USA is over 103 300 and number of deaths to 1668. In the coming weeks, COVID-19 rates are expected to begin skyrocketing and hit a peak in late April/May/June given lessons learned from China, Italy and others. COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) as confirmed cases approach 575 444 patients with 26 654 deaths across over 160 countries, as of 28 March 2020. There is a lot of impact on management of the urgent and emergent cases. This article highlights the changes that are being made in delivering urgent and emergent surgical care during the pandemic.

Keeping the flu at bay: Methods for detecting and containing infectious disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Atresha Karra, JD ◽  
Emily Cornette, JD
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
United States ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization

This article focuses on the existing methods for tracking and restricting the spread of communicable diseases, both within United States borders and across nations. It will first describe the roles played by the United States’ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization and will then explore how communicable diseases across the world are identified and monitored. This will be followed by a discussion of US and world reporting requirements and methods. Finally, the article will discuss the tactics used by the United States to control the spread of disease.

scholarly journals Outbreak column 21: Tuberculosis (TB): Still a nosocomial threat

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Evonne T Curran
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nosocomial Transmission ◽  
National Guidance ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

This outbreak column explores the epidemiology and infection prevention guidance on tuberculosis (TB) in the UK. The column finds that, at present, national guidance leaves UK hospitals ill-prepared to prevent nosocomial TB transmission. Reasons for this conclusion are as follows: (1) while TB is predominantly a disease that affects people with ‘social ills’, it has the potential to infect anyone who is sufficiently exposed; (2) nosocomial transmission is documented throughout history; (3) future nosocomial exposures may involve less treatable disease; and (4) current UK guidance is insufficient to prevent nosocomial transmission and is less than that advocated by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

scholarly journals Ten commonly asked questions about Covid-19 and lessons learned from Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramon Viwattanakulvanid
Keyword(s):  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Village Health Volunteers ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization

PurposeAs the world faces a new health crisis threatening people with the spread of Covid-19, this study aims to summarize the key information of Covid-19 related to disease characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prevention along with the lessons learned from Thailand.Design/methodology/approachThe narrative review was synthesized from various sources such as the World Health Organization; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Ministry of Public Health and other related news; articles in ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar; and the author's perspective regarding the lessons learned from Thailand with keywords of “Covid-19” and “Coronavirus” from January to August 2020. Google Trends was used to set common questions.FindingsCovid-19 is the seventh family of coronaviruses that cause various symptoms related to respiratory systems. The disease can be treated through general and symptomatic treatment, by using antiviral drugs. As of July 2020, there are four potential vaccine candidates ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, mRNA-1273, Ad5-nCOV and BNT162b1. The recommendations for Covid-19 prevention are physical distancing, face masks, eye protection and hand washing. Thailand is now considered as low-risk for Covid-19 possibly because of (1) soft policy by government actions, (2) village health volunteers, (3) integration of technology and (4) fact-based communications.Originality/valueThis study summarized the key points about Covid-19, clarified some misunderstandings and shared strategic actions from Thailand, which can be adapted according to the different capacities and situations in other countries.

scholarly journals Hand Hygiene during Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Aditya Hiware
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Short Article ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Defensive Measures

After authoritatively announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), radical measures to limit human developments to contain the COVID-19 contamination are utilized by the greater part of the nations. Keeping up high close to home cleanliness by continuous handwashing and being cautious of clinical signs are generally prescribed to diminish the sickness trouble. The public and global wellbeing organizations, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the WHO, have given rules to counteraction and treatment ideas. Here, in this short article, in view of accessible clinical data, the writer examines why handwashing could be defensive of COVID-19 contaminations. Albeit a definite and inside and out conversation of different preventive and defensive measures is past the extent of this article, this survey will zero in on the utility of continuous handwashing in limiting the danger of spreading COVID-19 contamination

scholarly journals How WASH Programming has Adapted to the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Thompson
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Made In

Since first appearing at the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread at a pace and scale not seen before. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. A rapid response was called for, and actors across the globe worked quickly to develop sets of preventative measures to contain the disease. One mode of transmission identified early on in the crisis was via surfaces and objects (fomites) (Howard et al. 2020). To combat this, hand hygiene was put forward as a key preventative measure and heralded as ‘the first line of defence against the disease’ (World Bank 2020). What followed was an unprecedented global focus on handwashing with soap. Health messages on how germs spread, the critical times at which hands should be washed, and methods for correct handwashing were shared (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020). Political leaders around the world promoted handwashing and urged people to adopt the practice to protect against the coronavirus. The primary and secondary impacts of COVID-19 have affected people and industries in a variety of different ways. For the WASH sector, the centring of handwashing in the pandemic response has led to a sudden spike in hygiene activity. This SLH Rapid Topic Review takes stock of some of the cross-cutting challenges the sector has been facing during this period and explores the adaptations that have been made in response. It then looks forwards, thinking through what lies ahead for the sector, and considers the learning priorities for the next steps.

scholarly journals The Emerging Concern and Interest SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Edyta Janik ◽  
Marcin Niemcewicz ◽  
Marcin Podogrocki ◽  
Ireneusz Majsterek ◽  
Michal Bijak
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since that time, the virus has spread around the world, which resulted in an announcement of the World Health Organization (WHO), dated in March 2020, that COVID-19 was a worldwide pandemic, and since then, the world has been struggling with this disease. SARS-CoV-2, similar to other RNA viruses, continually mutates, and new variants are appearing. Among large numbers of detected SARS-CoV-2 variants, only an insignificant amount of them are able to pose a risk to public health, as they are more contagious and cause more severe conditions. The emerged variants were classified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in collaboration with SARS-CoV-2 Interagency Group (SIG) according to strictly defined pattern. Variants were classified as variants of concern, variants of interest, and variants of high consequence. In the last few months, three variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1) and four variants of interests (B.1.526, B.1.525, B.1.427/B.1.429, and P.2) were distinguished and are essential for close monitoring. This analysis summarizes the principal information concerning SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as their infectivity, severity, mutations, and immune susceptibility.

scholarly journals Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to Prevent the COVID-19. What Do Healthcare Workers Really Need to Protect Themselves and Survive?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami AL Edwan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The healthcare workers are exposed to dangerous pathogen agents during the outbreak of the new coronavirus COVID-19. To minimize the risk of becoming infected by this virus, healthcare workers need to wear the most appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the guidelines that the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for the Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend for the rational use of EPP to protect healthcare workers against the novel coronavirus COVID-19.Methodology: To learn how to effectively protect healthcare workers against the COVID-19, a detailed analysis and comparison of the WHO and CDC guidelines related to the proper use of personal protection equipment (PPE) in different healthcare settings was carried out. Results: The results of this study based on an analysis of PPE recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for the Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicated that the safety and protection of healthcare workers can be maximized if the guidelines suggested by these institutions are followed. In general, the WHO and CDC recommendations based on medical practices are similar, and depending on the healthcare activities and settings where the healthcare workers perform their work, suggest wearing medical/surgical facemasks, respirators, googles and face shields (eye protection), gloves, gowns and aprons. Conclusions: The protection and safety of the healthcare workers can be maximized during the outbreak of COVID-19 by following the WHO and CDC recommendations described in this study. The general guidelines offered by these institutions are similar and based on medical practices.

scholarly journals Evaluation of facial cleanliness and environmental improvement activities: Lessons learned from Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0009962
Author(s):  
Angelia M. Sanders ◽  
Ruth Dixon ◽  
Logan Stuck ◽  
Michaela Kelly ◽  
Geordie Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization promotes the SAFE (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvements) strategy for trachoma control and prevention. The F&E components of the strategy focus on promotion of healthy hygiene and sanitation behaviors. In order to monitor F&E activities implemented across villages and schools in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda, an F&E Monitoring and Evaluation (FEME) framework was developed to track quarterly program outputs and to provide the basis for a pre and post evaluation of the activities. Results showed an increase in knowledge at the school and household levels, and in some cases, an increase in presence of hand/face washing stations. However, this did not always result in a change in trachoma prevention behaviors such as facial cleanliness or keeping compounds free of human feces. The results highlight that the F&E programs were effective in increasing awareness of trachoma prevention but not able to translate that knowledge into changes in behavior during the time between pre and post-surveys. This study also indicates the potential to improve the data collection and survey design and notes that the period of intervention was not long enough to measure significant changes.

scholarly journals The second wave of COVID-19 is knocking at the doors: have we learned the lesson?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special1) ◽  
pp. 183-184
Author(s):  
Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In light of escalating rates of COVID-19 cases, the world stands stunned. The health, social, and global economic situation continues to deteriorate. The seriousness of the situation became evident to most people, yet no one had a radical solution. Scientifically, there is no sure treatment for viral infections other than strengthening the immune system. Therefore, the idea of ​​a vaccine is the most appropriate to reduce infections. However, vaccines will not be accessible to everyone, considering the genetic changes that the virus may create later. The idea of ​​re-imposing a global quarantine, with international leadership for a limited period, is emerging as a strategic alternative, on the condition that it should be launched simultaneously in all countries of the world. To ensure the quarantine's success, all countries must adhere to the comments of the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.   References World Health Organization, Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV) SITUATION REPORT –1, 21 JANUARY 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200121-sitrep-1-2019-ncov.pdf [Accessed on 08 October 2020]. Fani M, Teimoori A, Ghafari S. Comparison of the COVID-2019 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections. Future Virol. 2020:10.2217/fvl-2020-0050. https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2020-0050 Ali Jadoo, SA. Was the world ready to face a crisis like COVID-19? Journal of Ideas in Health2020;3(1):123-4. https://doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.Vol3.Iss1.45 Worldometer, Coronavirus Cases. Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/? [Accessed on 08 October 2020] Cyranoski D. Profile of a killer: the complex biology powering the coronavirus pandemic. Nature, 04 MAY 2020. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01315-7 [Accessed on 08 October 2020]. CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Considerations for Wearing Masks Help Slow the Spread of COVID-19. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/cloth-face-cover-guidance.html [Accessed on 08 October 2020]. Atalan A. Is the lockdown important to prevent the COVID-9 pandemic? Effects on psychology, environment and economy-perspective. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2020; 56:38-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.010. Gewin V. On the front lines of the coronavirus-vaccine battle. Nature; 2020 Apr 16. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01116-y [Accessed on 08 October 2020]. Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, Jones FK, Zheng Q, Meredith HR, Azman AS, Reich NG, Lessler J. The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172(9):577-582. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-0504. Acter T, Uddin N, Das J, Akhter A, Choudhury TR, Kim S. Evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A global health emergency. Sci Total Environ. 2020; 730:138996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138996. Ali Jadoo SA. COVID -19 pandemic is a worldwide typical biopsychosocial crisis. Journal of Ideas in Health2020;3(2):152-4. https://doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.Vol3.Iss2.58.

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