Part V Regional Approaches, Ch.35 Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Keun-Gwan
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Underwater Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Socioeconomic Transformation ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Protection Of Cultural Heritage

This chapter explores the protection of cultural heritage in Asia. Rapid socioeconomic transformation in East Asia and South East Asia has posed a serious challenge to the cultural heritage of the sub-regions. The substantial damage and destruction inflicted on the cultural heritage, coupled with the growth of public awareness on its importance for national identity, prompted the governments in the region to take action, in particular through promulgation of the laws and regulations for the protection of cultural heritage. In so doing, the meaning of cultural heritage has generally expanded beyond the traditional, tangible cultural objects into intangible and underwater cultural heritage. A series of international conventions for the protection of cultural heritage, adopted under the auspices of UNESCO, has undoubtedly provided much impetus. Also, the question of return or repatriation of cultural objects to their countries of origin looms increasingly large in Asia.

scholarly journals POLITIK HUKUM CAGAR BUDAYA DALAM PERLINDUNGAN IDENTITAS BANGSA INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 470-492
Author(s):  
Hafidz Putra Arifin
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Heritage Protection ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects

The 1945 Constitution contain a ruling obligating the government to protect and preserve all cultural objects, manifestation of the nation’s culture, as cultural heritage.  It is conceded that the political will as reflected in regulations made from time to time on the protection of the nation’s cultural heritage are oriented towards preservation of the Indonesian identity and furthering social welfare. In reality however, cultural heritage objects are vulnerable to looting, willful destruction or lack of care. Using a juridical normative method, the author shall examine existing rules and regulation regarding protection of cultural heritage.  One important finding from this research is that low quality of cultural heritage protection is the result of low societal understanding of the importance of cultural heritage in the making of the national identity.

scholarly journals Applying IT Communication Technology in Public Awareness and Education for Reducing Hazard Casualty in South East Asia Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Koay ◽  
L. T. Tay ◽  
H. Y. Chan ◽  
S. Jamaludin ◽  
H. Fukuoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
School Children ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
The Public

Abstract. In developing countries, especially most of South East Asia countries, every year landslides, mudslides and flood occur during monsoon rainy season and cause casualties not only in rural areas, but also in urban areas. Public awareness and education activities are important to reduce the casualties of such natural disasters. Nowadays, IT communication technology plays an important role in disseminating information and education. Lately, applying IT communication technology for public awareness on natural hazard becomes a trend among government authorities in these countries. We begin our study in Malaysia on how to reduce landslides casualty for future natural hazard management in These developing countries. For a better understanding on the occurrence of landslides, besides the mechnism On how landslides occur, collecting historical data with location coordinates were carried out and stored in database periodically. Public can browse these historical data via internet and know which areas are more prone to landslides occurrence. At the same time, IT communication technology was used to disseminate alert information after receiving rainfall intensity data from the monitering sites. It was also more efficient to conduct the public and school children awareness education by using such technology, as the simulation of rainfall induced slope failure mechanism and educational video on symptoms of landslides before they occur may give a clearer picture and better understanding to the public and school children.

The fundamental aims of cultural property law

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
FG Fechner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
International Law ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Property Law ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Cultural Object ◽  
The Law ◽  
International Conventions

The law of cultural property is primarily based on the interests of the states concerned. If a cultural object is of high monetary or identificatory value, states will contest the ownership, and many of these cases are resolved by compromise. If a cultural object is of less monetary or identificatory value, states often neglect its preservation. Yet the law for protection of cultural property should not only be a method for the arbitration of national interests but should also take into account the interests of humankind in general, including preservation of the object in its original context, public accessibility, and the scientific, historic and aesthetic interests that can be associated with an object. While some states are unable to protect their cultural heritage, especially in times of war, public international law does not prevent a state from destroying its cultural heritage. Cultural heritage law is developing rapidly, and national laws and international conventions are in the process of creation. At this time, the author posits, it is therefore necessary to consider the reasons for the protection of cultural objects.

scholarly journals Chasing Provenance: Legal Dilemmas for Protecting States with a Verifiable Link to Underwater Cultural Heritage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Underwater Cultural Heritage ◽  
International Conventions

This paper demonstrates the legal dilemmas for protecting rights of states with a verifiable link to underwater cultural heritage (UCH) at doctrinal and practical levels and from international and domestic perspectives. The dilemmas include vague definitions, time-consuming procedures, weak remedies for violation, jurisdiction conflicts, and legal vacuum. It argues that domestic legislations are limited in offering protection to states with a verifiable link to UCH. More international cooperation is necessary. However, existing international conventions are insufficient in this aspect. Therefore, states are strongly encouraged to conclude bilateral or regional UCH treaties to protect themselves.

scholarly journals Looted and illegally acquired African objects in European museums: issues of restitution and repatriation in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Gertrude Aba Mansah Eyifa Dzidzienyo ◽  
Samuel Nilirmi Nkumbaan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
The Government ◽  
Traditional Authorities

Ghana’s post-independence governments have made a number of requests for the return of looted and illegally acquired Ghanaian cultural objects in the collections of European museums. While the majority of those requests were denied, a few were honoured. This paper assesses three of the demands and the aftermath of their return. It also examines the preparedness of heritage institutions and museums in Ghana inrelation to issues of restitution and repatriation. The paper identifies the numerous challenges confronting the museum and heritage sector in Ghana and concludes by calling on policy makers, traditional authorities, universities and the government of Ghana to deepen public awareness of cultural heritage, invest more in museums and heritage institutions to function well and revisit earlier demands that were denied.

scholarly journals Immovable Cultural Heritage at Risk: Past – Present – Future

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-279
Author(s):  
Kurt G. Siehr
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The State ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
National State ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The World ◽  
International Conventions

Abstract:Immovable cultural heritage is still at risk of being neglected by the state responsible for heritage sites, by urban planning of big cities, and by armed conflicts around the world. Normally, because it is immovable, the international community cannot do very much. It can ban the trade of items that became movable property when detached from buildings or illegally excavated in certain protected sites. In other cases, it is the responsibility of the national state to care for cultural heritage and cultural objects. International conventions may furnish help and advice and provide for monitoring any risk to the cultural heritage of state parties.

Culture

2019 ◽  
pp. 306-320
Author(s):  
Tullio Scovazzi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
International Community ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽  
Underwater Cultural Heritage ◽  
International Level ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Cultural Properties ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Protection Of Cultural Heritage

Based on the assumptions that culture contributes to the maintenance of peace and that the protection of culture is a general interest of the international community as a whole, UNESCO has promoted the conclusion of a number of treaties of global application that follow a broad concept of “cultural heritage” as the expression of the spirituality and creativity of individuals and peoples. They relate to the protection of cultural heritage during conflict, the illicit movements of cultural properties, the tangible cultural heritage, the underwater cultural heritage, the intangible cultural heritage, and the diversity of cultural expressions. In other cases, such as the intentional destruction of cultural heritage, declarations have been adopted within the UNESCO framework. Despite some gaps and criticisms, the UNESCO action is an indispensable tool for the protection and enhancement of cultural heritage at the international level.

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