Hoarding Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-86
Author(s):  
Blaise Worden ◽  
David F. Tolin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychological Determinants ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Chronic Course

This chapter discusses the nature and clinical characteristics of hoarding disorder, a debilitating condition that runs a chronic course without treatment and can lead to significant functional impairment and cost to society. Prevalence estimates for hoarding disorder range from 1.5% to 6% of the general population, and it tends to co-occur with depressive and anxiety disorders. In the DSM-5, hoarding disorder was differentiated from obsessive-compulsive disorder, primarily because of the pronounced differences from OCD in terms of treatment response and phenotype. However, HD remains classified as an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder. This chapter covers the etiology of hoarding disorder across biological and psychological determinants. In addition to the nature of symptoms, contemporary approaches to assessment and treatment are highlighted. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future directions for research.

Hoarding Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lochner ◽  
Dan Stein ◽  
Eileen Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

Hoarding disorder is characterized by an obsessive need to acquire, collect, or keep possessions and difficulty in organizing and discarding, resulting in accumulation of clutter, which elicits great concern from family and friends. Functioning is usually impaired in a variety of domains. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is the disorder most closely associated with hoarding. Overvalued ideation regarding the value or usefulness of possessions may make it impossible for individuals to discard items. This review contains 1 table, and 22 references. Key words: clutter, diagnostic and statistical manual, etiology, hoarding, obsessive-compulsive and related disorder

Testing the validity and acceptability of the diagnostic criteria for Hoarding Disorder: a DSM-5 survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2475-2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mataix-Cols ◽  
L.. Fernández de la Cruz ◽  
T. Nakao ◽  
A. Pertusa
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Development And Validation

BackgroundThe DSM-5 Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Sub-Workgroup is recommending the creation of a new diagnostic category named Hoarding Disorder (HD). The validity and acceptability of the proposed diagnostic criteria have yet to be formally tested.MethodObsessive-compulsive disorder/hoarding experts and random members of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) were shown eight brief clinical vignettes (four cases meeting criteria for HD, three with hoarding behaviour secondary to other mental disorders, and one with subclinical hoarding behaviour) and asked to decide the most appropriate diagnosis in each case. Participants were also asked about the perceived acceptability of the criteria and whether they supported the inclusion of HD in the main manual.ResultsAltogether, 211 experts and 48 APA members completed the survey (30% and 10% response rates, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of the HD diagnosis and the individual criteria were high (80–90%) across various types of professionals, irrespective of their experience with hoarding cases. About 90% of participants in both samples thought the criteria would be very/somewhat acceptable for professionals and sufferers. Most experts (70%) supported the inclusion of HD in the main manual, whereas only 50% of the APA members did.ConclusionsThe proposed criteria for HD have high sensitivity and specificity. The criteria are also deemed acceptable for professionals and sufferers alike. Training of professionals and the development and validation of semi-structured diagnostic instruments should improve diagnostic accuracy even further. A field trial is now needed to confirm these encouraging findings with real patients in real clinical settings.

I Don't Recycle! An Organic Hoarding Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S640-S641
Author(s):  
L. Garcia Ayala ◽  
M. Gomez Revuelta ◽  
C. Martin Requena ◽  
E. Saez de Adana Garcia de Acilu ◽  
O. Porta Olivares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Home Visit ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Rule Out

IntroductionHoarding often occurs without the presence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), showing distinguishable neuropsychological and neurobiological correlates and a distinct comorbidity spectrum. Furthermore, it presents itself secondarily to other psychiatric and neurobiological disorders. Therefore hoarding disorder has been included as independent diagnosis in DSM-5.ObjectivesWe aim to expose the possible organic etiology of a hoarding disorder case with atypical presentation.Materials and methodsWe present a case of a 48 years old male patient who was brought to the hospital by the police after being reported for unhealthy conditions in his home. In the home visit paid by the Social Services an excessive hoarding of objects and trash was detected. A possible hoarding disorder was diagnosed in the psychiatric assessment. Among other diagnostic test, a brain CT was conducted, in which a frontal meningioma was identified. After surgical treatment, hoarding symptoms diminished significantly.DiscussionA significant part of the hoarding disorders are attributed to primary psychiatric disorders, resulting in potentially treatable organic pathology going unnoticed.ConclusionIt's important to rule out organic etiology before proceeding to make a definitive hoarding disorder diagnosis, optimizing that way the treatment options.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder (SIHD)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-520
Author(s):  
Caterina Novara ◽  
Paolo Cavedini ◽  
Stella Dorz ◽  
Susanna Pardini ◽  
Claudio Sica
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum

Abstract. The Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder (SIHD) is a semi-structured interview designed to assist clinicians in diagnosing a hoarding disorder (HD). This study aimed to validate the Italian version of the SIHD. For this purpose, its inter-rater reliability has been analyzed as well as its ability to differentiate HD from other disorders often comorbid. The sample was composed of 74 inpatients who had been diagnosed within their clinical environment: 9 with HD, 11 with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and HD, 22 with OCD, 19 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 13 with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). The results obtained indicated “substantial” or “perfect” inter-rater reliability for all the core HD criteria, HD diagnosis, and specifiers. The SIHD differentiated between subjects suffering from and not suffering from a HD. Finally, the results indicated “good” convergent validity and high scores were shown in terms of both sensitivity and specificity for HD diagnosis. Altogether, the SIHD represents a useful instrument for evaluating the presence of HD and is a helpful tool for the clinician during the diagnostic process.

Koro Syndrome in an Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patient

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S496-S496 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Silva ◽  
C. Raposo-Lima ◽  
C. Soares ◽  
J.J. Cerqueira ◽  
P. Morgado
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Psychiatric Department

IntroductionKoro syndrome is a culturally related disorder characterized by intense anxiety that the penis (vulva or nipples in females) is shrinking or retracting and will recede into the body. Usually it occurs in epidemics in Southeastern Asia, being extremely rare in western countries. The condition is more common in males and is classified within Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders.Case reportA 27-year-old single man was referred to the psychiatric department. By the age of 23, he began worrying that his penis was shrinking and retracting into the abdomen. He described these thoughts as intrusive, ridiculous and repetitive. During the first months the thoughts were not very disturbing but he progressively developed an urge to verify the length of his penis several times a day. To diminish the anxiety provoked by the obsessive doubts on penis length, he started to have repetitive thoughts and mental images about sexual acts, to consume pornography compulsively and to increase his masturbatory behaviors (from some times a week to several times a day). He described those thoughts and behaviors as unpleasant and uniquely driven to reduce anxiety provoked by obsessions.He was prescribed fluvoxamine 200 mg/day and initiated cognitive behavioral therapy with good response. Y-BOCS score decreased from 30 at initial evaluation to 18 after 3 months of treatment.ConclusionsKoro syndrome is a very rare condition in psychiatry in western countries, usually presenting secondarily to other psychiatric disorders. Awareness of this diagnosis and knowledge on its management are critical to provide optimal care to patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Correlational research on facial and clinical characteristics of adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanrong Wang ◽  
Shaohua Chang ◽  
Xiaomin Ma ◽  
Jiying Li ◽  
Ruixia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract We examined the relationship between facial morphological features and clinical characteristics of adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The enrolled study sample comprised 40 adolescents diagnosed with OCD using the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory Child Version (OCI-CV) and 38 healthy controls (HCs). Facial photos, 21 facial diameters, and nine facial angles were collected using image software. In males, lower lip red height was significantly lower in OCD patients than in HCs (P < 0.05); no significant differences were observed in other facial indicators (all P > 0.05). In females, the nasolabial angle was smaller in OCD patients than in HCs (P < 0.05); no significant differences were observed in other facial indicators (all P > 0.05). The difference in lower lip red height between the OCD group and HC group was positively correlated with mental neutralization symptoms (r = 0.401, P < 0.05). Our findings highlight the relationship between facial and clinical characteristics in OCD patients.

Trichotillomania

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lochner ◽  
Dan Stein ◽  
Eileen Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Hair Pulling ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Common Disorder ◽  
Clinical Phenomenology ◽  
Hair Pulling Disorder

Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder [HPD]) is a common disorder affecting mostly women that is often underreported and underrecognized. This condition involves repetitive hair pulling resulting in hair loss with repeated unsuccessful attempts to control or stop the pulling behavior. Individuals usually attempt to conceal or camouflage the hair loss. Clinical phenomenology, neurobiology, and genetic underpinning suggest associations between obsessive-compulsive disorder and HPD. This review contains 1 table, and 19 references. Key words: hair loss, hair pulling, obsessive-compulsive and related disorder, trichotillomania

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