The Legacy of Racism for Children’s Interactions with the Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Margaret C. Stevenson ◽  
Bette L. Bottoms ◽  
Kelly C. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Children Of Color ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Child Victimization ◽  
Equitable Treatment

Psychological research and theory are needed to understand how laws and public policies contribute to racial disparities affecting children involved in the legal system. This chapter profiles an actual case to illustrate the complex interplay of myriad problems faced by children of color, such as early poverty, child abuse, failures in public education, and racism institutionalized in the policies and laws meant to protect children. The chapter also previews the issues presented in this book, which address the intersection of race and ethnicity involved in child victimization (sex trafficking, corporal punishment, disclosure of abuse); dependency court decisions and adoptions; juvenile and criminal justice systems (parental incarceration, the school-to-prison pipeline, police–youth interactions, perceptions of victims and offenders); and immigration law and policy. Understanding the intersecting implications of psychology, public policy, and law is necessary to end the challenges facing racial minority youth in America today, ensuring equitable treatment for children of color.

The Legacy of Racism for Children

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Child Sex Trafficking ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Adolescent Victims

The Legacy of Racism for Children: Psychology, Law, and Public Policy is the first volume to review the intersecting implications of psychology, public policy, and law with the goal of understanding and ending the challenges facing racial minority youth in America today. Proceeding roughly from causes to consequences—from early life experiences to adolescent and teen experiences—each chapter focuses on a different domain, explains the laws and policies that create or exacerbate racial disparity in that domain, reviews relevant psychological research and its implications for those laws or policies, and calls for next steps. Chapter authors examine how race and ethnicity intersect with child maltreatment (including child sex trafficking, corporal punishment, and memory for and disclosures of abuse), child dependency court decisions, custody and adoption, familial incarceration, the school-to-prison pipeline, police–youth interactions, jurors’ perceptions of child and adolescent victims and defendants, and U.S. immigration law and policy. The book is meant to be accessible to all who want to end law- and policy-related racial disparities for children—researchers, students, teachers, social workers and social service administrators, police, attorneys, judges, and the general public. Much of the value of this book lies in its potential to influence law and policy, and to help those working on the front lines understand what they can do to end the legacy of racism for children.

scholarly journals FORENSIC DATABASES IN POLAND. LEGAL ISSUES RELATED TO RIGHT TO THE PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA AND RIGHT TO PRIVACY

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-305
Author(s):  
Dariusz Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
General Data ◽  
Data Subject

Forensic databases are crucial resources in criminal justice systems, which allow for detection and identification of offenders. General Data Protection Regulation and Police Directive about processing of personal data were enacted in the European Union in 2016, which implied changes in national law and policy in processing genetic and biometric data by law enforcements. Therefore, current development of DNA and fingerprint databases in Poland were revealed and compared to other European countries. Changes in the law related to processing of genetic and biometric data were analysed. Issues related to the distinction between different categories of data subject and retention time of personal data were especially commented in the view of right to the protection of personal data and right to privacy.

Transnational Sex Trafficking of Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Concern ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Transnational Law ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Rights Issue ◽  
Economic Considerations

The transnational sex trafficking of women is an enduring social concern across a strikingly vast array of policy realms, activisms, and academic disciplines, including criminology, sociology, criminal justice, social work, political science, psychology, medicine, gender studies, and anthropology, among others. There are five prevailing themes across this vast body of multidisciplinary work: (a) transnational law and policy responses, (b) antecedents, (c) social organization and politico-economic considerations, (d) representations, and (e) interventions and carceral logics. The analysis featured is keenly attuned to each cited study’s unique disciplinary frameworks and methods, and it concludes with recommendations for future research on this critical human rights issue.

Research and Public Policy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard D. Eron
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
The Status ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Television Violence

Professor Hyman has reviewed for us all the research that has been done on the effects of corporal punishment in the schools.1 It is actually a meager record because of the reasons he has mentioned, many of them ethical, demographic, and religious. Whatever research has been published on the effects of corporal punishment, however, would indicate that although the practice is widespread in the United States, corporal punishment is not an effective means of discipline and has many harmful effects on the recipient of the punishment, both physical and psychological. Certainly there are enough data, which Dr Hyman has assembled over 20 years, to warrant the measures he advocates to get the message out to the public as well as to concerned professionals, and to formulate public policy aimed at eliminating corporal punishment in our schools as well as all other settings, including the home. And to those cynics who are skeptical about what influence psychological research findings can have on public policy, my own personal experience over 40 years with research on the effects of viewing television violence on aggressive behavior of children indicates that psychological and sociological research findings can have a profound influence. But changing behavior takes persistence and time. There are too many vested interests who favor the status quo and are threatened by change. There are also many professionals who very often have not done any research in the area, but consider themselves authorities, as well as lay persons who are convinced that the old way of doing things is the only right way.

Cross-cultural Analysis in Exercise and Sport Psychology: A Void in the Field

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan L. Duda ◽  
Maria T. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Exercise Psychology ◽  
Sport And Exercise ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Sociological Studies

The-role of race and ethnicity in explaining variability in human behavior has long been considered in the anthropological and sociological studies of play, games, and sport. This paper suggests ways in which the field of sport and exercise psychology might more systematically begin to incorporate factors of race and ethnicity into its research agendas. The paper is divided into four major sections. The first section provides evidence of a dearth of such research in the field of sport and exercise psychology. The second section presents an overview of current work that highlights ethnic/racial differences in motor performance, physical activity levels, and recreational sport participation. The third section explores the theoretical relevance of comparative research on ethnic/racial similarities and differences in psychological processes and behavior. Finally, potential research methodologies that might be used in psychological research in sport and exercise contexts are presented. Implications for both basic and applied work are offered.

scholarly journals Recognizing service users’ diversity: social identity narratives of British Pakistanis in a mental health context

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basharat Hussain ◽  
Abdullah Zafar Sheikh ◽  
Julie Repper ◽  
Theodore Stickley ◽  
Stephen Timmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Identity Narratives ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Equitable Treatment

Purpose This study aims to investigate how British Pakistani people talk about their social identity, in the context of mental health, and how this shapes their experiences and perceptions of care delivered by the National Health Service, UK. Design/methodology/approach Eight narrative interviews were conducted among members of the Pakistani community living in a city in the UK. The data were analyzed using a narrative analysis approach using “social identity” as a theoretical lens. Findings Considering Pakistani service users as a single social entity, and responding with generic approaches in meeting their mental health needs, may not be helpful in achieving equitable treatment. Study participants reject a simple conceptualization of race and ethnicity and how a response based upon stereotypes is woefully inadequate. The study revealed that people from one ethnic or national background cannot be assumed to have a fixed social identity. Originality/value This study broadens understanding of how people from a single ethnic background may construct and view their social identities markedly different to others from the same ethnic group. This has implications for service providers in understanding how their clients’ social identity is treated and understood in practice.

Children, Race, and Psychology

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-244
Author(s):  
Gail S. Goodman ◽  
LaTonya S. Harris ◽  
Deborah Goldfarb ◽  
Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Education System ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Children Of Color ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Findings

This book, The Legacy of Racism for Children, focuses on an extremely important but understudied topic in the psychological literature: the legacy of racial discrimination for children of color. The authors develop this theme by introducing many related and timely issues, such as sex trafficking, physical punishment, child maltreatment, education, transracial adoption, juvenile court, criminal court, and immigration. Here, we consider each chapter in the book and summarize its main points, discuss future directions, and provide some relevant research findings. Our chapter highlights the importance of the home and the education system as contexts for intervention. This chapter concludes with a poignant example to discuss the assumption of free will as applied to adolescents or adults who have experienced racial discrimination and other traumas in childhood.

Why We Don’t See Race: How Australia Has Overlooked Race as an Influence on Miscarriages of Justice

2020 ◽  
pp. 215336872092229
Author(s):  
Greg Stratton ◽  
Alyssa Sigamoney
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Wrongful Conviction ◽  
Wrongful Convictions ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Justice Systems ◽  
Limiting Errors

While criminal justice systems are increasingly prepared to identify and overturn wrongful convictions, the focus of limiting errors has centered upon commonly accepted “causal factors” of wrongful conviction. Importantly, there has been limited work that has explored the question of who is most vulnerable to fall victim to this error. We explore three landmark case studies highlighting wrongful convictions in Australia where race, racialized policing, or racism were crucial yet unresolved issues leading to an erroneous conviction. These cases and the absence of resolutions of these racialized issues in these convictions typify the inadequacies of Australian approaches to wrongful conviction. We argue that to achieve justice in Australia we must not be limited to the causal factors that have come to define American innocence and should support greater acknowledgment of how race and ethnicity influence wrongful conviction.

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