Common Cognitive Slip-Ups

Wisdom Mind ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Colette M. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Common

At the core of Wisdom Mind is the premise that normal cognitive aging can be a source of distress for certain older adults, and that mindfulness practice can help to alleviate that distress. To that end, this chapter provides an overview of the major cognitive domains and how our abilities within those domains can change with age. This material will be particularly informative for those who have not worked with older adults or do not have a background in clinical neuropsychology. It will allow the reader to connect with some of the common cognitive slip-ups that group participants may spontaneously report, so that these slip-ups can be situated within the context of mindfulness as presented in this program.

scholarly journals INCIDENCE OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AMONG U.S. CHINESE OLDER ADULTS: DOES SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT MATTER?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S929-S929
Author(s):  
Dexia Kong ◽  
XinQi Dong
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The increasing diversity in U.S. aging population warrants improved understanding of risk factors of cognitive aging in minority populations. This study presents the prevalence of incident cognitive impairment (CI) among U.S. Chinese older adults; and the relationship between social engagement and incident CI. Data were obtained from the Population-based Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago, a prospective cohort study of Chinese older adults. Baseline (collected between 2011 and 2013) and one subsequent wave of data (collected between 2013 and 2015) were used in analyses (N=2,713). Social engagement was measured by the frequency of participation in social and cognitive activities (range=0-65). Cognitive function was assessed by a battery of 5 validated instruments. Incidence of CI was defined as having a follow-up cognition score lower than 1.5 standard deviations below the mean baseline cognition score. Logistic regression analyses were conducted. Nearly 6% of the sample reported incident CI. Chinese older adults who are more socially-engaged had a lower likelihood of developing CI (odds ratio [OR] 0.94, 0.92-0.96). The relationship was consistent across cognitive domains, including episodic memory (OR 0.95, 0.92-0.97), working memory (OR 0.92, 0.88-0.95), and perceptual speed (OR 0.95, 0.92-0.98). Furthermore, older age (OR 1.12, 1.09-1.15), and lower education (OR 0.91, 0.87-0.96) were associated with incident CI. No significant association was observed between gender, income, marital status, household size, acculturation, medical morbidities, depressive symptoms, and incident CI. The findings highlight the importance of social engagement in cognitive aging. Discrepancies with prior literature and implications of these findings will be discussed.

scholarly journals Late-Life Cognition and Dementia in India: New Insights From LASI-DAD

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 659-659
Author(s):  
Jinkook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Dementia Research ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study

Abstract With more than1.35 billion people, India, the second-most populous country in the world, is soon to experience rapid aging of its population. By2050, India’s older population is projected to reach320 million (about the current size of the entire U.S. population). In this session we introduce the Longitudinal Aging Study in India – Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia (LASI-DAD), a new cohort study designed to advance dementia research to better understand late-life cognition, cognitive aging, cognitive impairment, and dementia, as well as their risk and protective factors. LASI is a prospective, multi-purpose population survey of older adults aged45 and older, representative of the entire country and of each state (N~72,000). LASI-DAD is an in-depth study of late-life cognition and dementia, drawing a sub-sample of older adults aged60 and older from LASI (N~4,300). It administered the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP), which consists of a pair of in-person interviews, one with the target respondent and one with an informant nominated by the respondent. The respondent interview includes a neuropsychological test battery designed to measure a range of key cognitive domains affected by cognitive aging and Alzheimer’s Diseases. We organize the session to showcase LASI-DAD. Specifically, the session consists of four papers, including: (1) the introduction of the design and methodology, (2) the latent structure of neuropsychological test results, (3) the investigation of the relationship between visual impairment and cognition, and (4) the examination of female disadvantage in dementia and its association with cross-state variations in gender inequality.

scholarly journals Longitudinal relationship between cognition and depressive symptoms in older adults from the Virginia Cognitive Aging Project: a latent dual change score analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Teles ◽  
Dingjing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Depressed Affect ◽  
Bidirectional Association ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Score Model

Background: the direction of the longitudinal association between depression and cognition remains a topic of intense debate. A unidirectional association where depression impacts the change in cognition (or vice-versa) and a bidirectional association where the trajectories of both dimensions affect each other lead to different clinical implications. Method: this study aimed to investigate the directionality of the depression-cognition association in a sample of 2,057 older adults aged between 60 to 99 years old from the Virginia Cognitive Aging Project (VCAP). We used the bivariate dual change score model to investigate the association between five cognitive domains (memory, speed, reasoning, space, and vocabulary) and three dimensions of depression (somatic, depressed affect, and positive affect) throughout five measurement points with an average interval of 2.5 years between the assessments. Three directions were tested for each pair of variables: two unidirectional models and one bidirectional model. Results: a unidirectional effect in which depression at time t predicts change in cognition presented the best data fit for most of the cognitive domains. One significant causal effect was found: depressed affect (DA) at time t significantly predicted the change in memory with a negative association, that is, higher levels of DA at baseline predicted a worse performance on memory over time (γDep = -0.32881; SE = 0.17; p < 0.05). Conclusions: our findings support a unidirectional association with depression predicting change for most of the cognitive domains tested. Higher levels of DA in older adults predicted an accelerated decline in memory.

Activity Engagement in Cognitive Aging: A Review of the Evidence

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Rogalski ◽  
Muriel Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Activity Engagement ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

The population of older adults is rapidly increasing, as is the number and type of products and interventions proposed to prevent or reduce the risk of age-related cognitive decline. Advocacy and prevention are part of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association’s (ASHA’s) scope of practice documents, and speech-language pathologists must have basic awareness of the evidence contributing to healthy cognitive aging. In this article, we provide a brief overview outlining the evidence on activity engagement and its effects on cognition in older adults. We explore the current evidence around the activities of eating and drinking with a discussion on the potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, alcohol, and coffee. We investigate the evidence on the hypothesized neuroprotective effects of social activity, the evidence on computerized cognitive training, and the emerging behavioral and neuroimaging evidence on physical activity. We conclude that actively aging using a combination of several strategies may be our best line of defense against cognitive decline.

Slow Down You’re Moving Too Fast

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Lang ◽  
Nancy Schwartz ◽  
Sharon Mayell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Difference

The study reported here compared how younger and older adults processed the same set of media messages which were selected to vary on two factors, arousing content and valence. Results showed that older and younger adults had similar arousal responses but different patterns of attention and memory. Older adults paid more attention to all messages than did younger adults. However, this attention did not translate into greater memory. Older and younger adults had similar levels of memory for slow-paced messages, but younger adults outperformed older adults significantly as pacing increased, and the difference was larger for arousing compared with calm messages. The differences found are in line with predictions made based on the cognitive-aging literature.

Ahara as Pathya and Apathya in Amlapitta - A Review.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakshith . ◽  
Shivakumar . ◽  
Sreeharsha . ◽  
Divyasree .
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
The Core ◽  
Common Disorder ◽  
The Common

The core principles in Ayurveda give prime importance to Agni, Prakriti, Ahara (food) and Vihara (lifestyle) in maintaining health. Present era people are scheduled to one or the other works due to which they are following unrightful food and habits which lead the manifestation of one of the common disorder which troubles person a lot - Amlapitta. By excess “Hurry, Worry and Curry” GIT disorders are the most common, not only affecting physical health but also psychological and social health. Amlapitta is one of that and it is a burning problem of the whole World. Amalpitta is composed of word Amla and Pitta. Amlapitta is a very common disease caused by Vidagdha Pitta with features like Amlodgara, Tiktodgara, Hrit, Kantha Daha etc. Pathya recommended in Amlapitta are Yava, Godhuma, Purana Shali, Mudga Yusha, Lajasaktu etc. Apathya recommended in Amlapitta are Navanna, Avidugdha, Masha, Kulattha, Dadhi and etc. So this present review article throws light on Pathya (conducive) and Apathya (non conducive) in Amlapitta.

The Logicism of Frege, Dedekind, and Russell

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Demopoulos ◽  
Peter Clark
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
The Core ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
Synthetic A Priori ◽  
The Common

This article is organized around logicism's answers to the following questions: What is the basis for our knowledge of the infinity of the numbers? How is arithmetic applicable to reality? Why is reasoning by induction justified? Although there are, as is seen in this article, important differences, the common thread that runs through all three of the authors discussed in this article their opposition to the Kantian thesis that reflection on reasoning with mere concepts (i.e., without attention to intuitions formed a priori) can never succeed in providing satisfactory answers to these three questions. This description of the core of the view differs from more usual formulations which represent the opposition to Kant as an opposition to the contention that mathematics in general, and arithmetic in particular, are synthetic a priori rather than analytic.

scholarly journals EEG Measures of Value-Directed Strategic Processing in Older Adults With and Without Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
Lydia Nguyen ◽  
Shraddha Shende ◽  
Daniel Llano ◽  
Raksha Mudar
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Strategic Processing ◽  
Unique Word

Abstract Value-directed strategic processing is important for daily functioning. It allows selective processing of important information and inhibition of irrelevant information. This ability is relatively preserved in normal cognitive aging, but it is unclear if mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects strategic processing and its underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. The current study examined behavioral and EEG spectral power differences between 16 cognitively normal older adults (CNOA; mean age: 74.5 ± 4.0 years) and 16 individuals with MCI (mean age: 77.1 ± 4.3 years) linked to a value-directed strategic processing task. The task used five unique word lists where words were assigned high- or low-value based on letter case and were presented sequentially while EEG was recorded. Participants were instructed to recall as many words as possible after each list to maximize their score. Results revealed no group differences in recall of low-value words, but individuals with MCI recalled significantly fewer high-value words and total number of words relative to CNOA. Group differences were observed in theta and alpha bands for low-value words, with greater synchronized theta power for CNOA than MCI and greater desynchronized alpha power for MCI than CNOA. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that more effortful neural processing of low-value words in the MCI group, relative to the CNOA group, allowed them to match their behavioral performance to the CNOA group. Individuals with MCI appear to utilize more cognitive resources to inhibit low-value information and might show memory-related benefits if taught strategies to focus on high-value information processing.

scholarly journals Social Engagement and Episodic Memory in Non-Hispanic Black and White Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 343-343
Author(s):  
Abbey Hamlin ◽  
A Zarina Kraal ◽  
Laura Zahodne
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Social engagement may confer cognitive benefits in older adulthood, but studies have typically been restricted to largely non-Hispanic White (NHW) samples. Levels of social engagement vary across race such that NHW report larger social networks, more frequent participation in social activities, and greater social support than non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB). Associations between social engagement and cognition may also vary by race, but research is sparse. The current cross-sectional study examined associations between different aspects of social engagement and episodic memory performance, as well as interactions between social engagement and race among NHB and NHW participants in the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project (N = 247; 48.4% NHB; age = 64.19 ± 2.92). Social engagement (network size, activities, support) was self-reported. Episodic memory was a z-score composite of immediate, delayed, and recognition trials of a list-learning task. Separate hierarchical linear regression models quantified interactions between race and each of the three social engagement variables on episodic memory, controlling for sociodemographics, depressive symptoms, and health conditions. Results showed a main effect of more frequent social activity on better episodic memory, as well as an interaction between race and social support indicating a significant positive association in NHB but not NHW. These preliminary findings suggest that participating in social activities may be equally beneficial for episodic memory across NHB and NHW older adults and that social support may be particularly beneficial for NHB. Future research is needed to determine the potential applications of these results in reducing cognitive inequalities through the development of culturally-relevant interventions.

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