Neuropathic Pain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Fowler ◽  
Robert J. Hackworth ◽  
Erik P. Voogd
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Core Curriculum ◽  
International Association ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Spontaneous Generation ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Neuropathic pain encompasses a vast number of clinical conditions that share the common characteristic of pain resulting from nerve injury or damage. Upon injury, pathophysiologic changes in the peripheral nervous system occur, including hyperexcitability and the spontaneous generation of impulses (ectopia). As a result of these peripheral changes, alterations in signal processing and intrinsic changes within the central nervous system occur. All of these changes contribute to the generation of neuropathic pain. This chapter attempts to capture the essence of the objectives and goals set forth by the International Association for the Study of Pain’s Core Curriculum for Professional Education in Pain for the topic of neuropathic pain. The questions cover topics including definitions, common clinical conditions, uncommon clinical conditions, therapeutic interventions, pathophysiological mechanisms, and current investigations.

Neuropathic Pain Syndromes

2021 ◽  
pp. 901-905
Author(s):  
James C. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
International Association ◽  
Somatosensory System ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Pain Descriptors

The International Association for the Study of Pain defines neuropathic pain as pain that is initiated or caused by a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system in either the peripheral nervous system or the central nervous system. Several well-recognized descriptors for neuropathic pain suggest a neuropathic rather than nociceptive pathophysiology (hot, burning, painful cold, freezing, prickling or tingling, pins and needles, electrical, shooting, stabbing, lancinating, and itching). However, whether the pain descriptors are used alone or incorporated into questionnaires to identify neuropathic pain, their sensitivity and specificity are limited (generally 70%-85%); therefore, verbal pain descriptors are insufficient for making the diagnosis of neuropathic pain.

The Role of Radiation Therapy in the Management of Primary Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas of the Central Nervous System: Clinical Study of 10 Cases

1986 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Di Marco ◽  
Luisa Rosta ◽  
Franco Campostrini ◽  
Andrea Bonetti ◽  
Mario Palazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Whole Brain Irradiation ◽  
Brain Irradiation ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Uncommon Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Clinical Conditions

A series of 10 patients with a primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the central nervous system were observed and treated by the authors. All were diagnosed after a pathologic examination of the surgical material; the lesions were supratentorial in all cases and unifocal in 9. In every case radiation therapy improved clinical conditions and in most cases even radiologic features of the patients. Four patients were alive and without evidence of disease many months after therapy. Four patients died with a relapse in the central nervous system; 3 of them had disseminated disease at the time of death. Two patients died for an unknown cause. Radiation therapy was performed with 60Co source with 2 opposed portals and the whole brain irradiation technique in all cases but 2. Doses ranged from 35 to 54 Gy. The recent literature on this uncommon disease and the most adequate therapeutic possibilities of radiation therapy and chemotherapy, or both, are discussed.

Understanding Neuropathic Pain

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Zieglgänsberger ◽  
Achim Berthele ◽  
Thomas R. Tölle
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitters ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Activity Dependent

AbstractNeuropathic pain is defined as a chronic pain condition that occurs or persists after a primary lesion or dysfunction of the peripheral or central nervous system. Traumatic injury of peripheral nerves also increases the excitability of nociceptors in and around nerve trunks and involves components released from nerve terminals (neurogenic inflammation) and immunological and vascular components from cells resident within or recruited into the affected area. Action potentials generated in nociceptors and injured nerve fibers release excitatory neurotransmitters at their synaptic terminals such as L-glutamate and substance P and trigger cellular events in the central nervous system that extend over different time frames. Short-term alterations of neuronal excitability, reflected for example in rapid changes of neuronal discharge activity, are sensitive to conventional analgesics, and do not commonly involve alterations in activity-dependent gene expression. Novel compounds and new regimens for drug treatment to influence activity-dependent long-term changes in pain transducing and suppressive systems (pain matrix) are emerging.

scholarly journals Contemporary treatment neuropathic pain

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 443-447
Author(s):  
Milan Cvijanovic ◽  
Svetlana Simic ◽  
Sofija Banic-Horvat ◽  
Zita Jovin ◽  
Petar Slankamenac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Chronic Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
New Applications

Introduction. Neuropathic pain, or pain associated with disease or injury to the peripheral or central nervous system, is a common symptom of a heterogeneous group of conditions, including diabetic neuropathy, trigeminal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia and spinal cord injury. Chronic neuropathic pain should not be thought of as a symptom. It should truly be thought of as a disease with a very complicated pathophysiology. Pathophysiology. The mechanisms involved in neuropathic pain are complex and involve both peripheral and central pathophysiologic phenomenon. The underlying dysfunction may involve deafferentation within the peripheral nervous system (e.g. neuropathy), deafferentation within the central nervous system (e.g. post-thalamic stroke) or an imbalance between the two (e.g. phantom limb pain). Clinical characteristics. Neuropathic pain is non-nociceptive, in contrast to acute nociceptive pain, and it can be described as ?burning?, ?electric?, ?tingling?, and ?shooting? in nature. Treatment. Rational polypharmacy is often necessary and actually it is almost always the rule. It would be an exception if a patient was completely satisfied with his treatment. Treatment goals should include understanding that our patients may need to be titrated and managed with more than one agent and one type of treatment. There should be the balance of safety, efficacy, and tolerability. Conclusion. There are many new agents and new applications of the existing agents being currently studied which will most certainly lead to even more improved ways of managing this very complicated set of disorders.

scholarly journals Alkali Burn Induced Corneal Spontaneous Pain and Activated Neuropathic Pain Matrix in the Central Nervous System in Mice

Cornea ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1408-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xiang ◽  
Wenchang Zhou ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Spontaneous Pain ◽  
Pain Matrix ◽  
Alkali Burn ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals CX3CL1/CX3CR1 in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Target for Neuroprotection

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiqing Chen ◽  
Wenjuan Zhao ◽  
Yanjie Guo ◽  
Juan Xu ◽  
Ming Yin
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Chemokine Ligand ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Receptor Cx3cr1

CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) is an intriguing chemokine belonging to the CX3C family. CX3CL1 is secreted by neurons and plays an important role in modulating glial activation in the central nervous system after binding to its sole receptor CX3CR1 which mainly is expressed on microglia. Emerging data highlights the beneficial potential of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a common progressive neurodegenerative disease, and in the progression of which neuroinflammation plays a vital role. Even so, the importance of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 in AD is still controversial and needs further clarification. In this review, we make an attempt to present a concise map of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 associated with AD to find biomarkers for early diagnosis or therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals PATTERNS OF PRESCRIPTION AND ADR MONITORING OF DRUGS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
SUBHRANSU SEKHAR JENA ◽  
MONALISA JENA ◽  
NIBEDITA PATRO ◽  
SWATI MISHRA ◽  
MAITREYEE PANDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Fatal Adverse Events ◽  
One Year

Objective: Neuropathic pain arises from damage or pathological changes in the peripheral or central nervous system. The pain is difficult to treat as standard treatment with conventional analgesics doesn`t typically provide effective relief of pain. Methods: It was a one-year study of utilization and analysis of prescriptions for PNDs (Painful neuropathic disorders). The parameters evaluated were demographic profile of the patient (age and gender), type and etiology of PNDs, drug data (name of the group of drugs with individual drugs, mono or polytherapy, number of drugs per prescription, formulation) and associated adverse drug reactions (ADR) with the prescribed drug. Results: Maximum number of patients of PNDs resides in the age group of 18 – 35 yrs (41.2%) & more common in females. The most common PND encountered was painful diabetic neuropathy (43.9%) followed by cervical and lumbar radiculopathy, postherpetic neuralgia. 2942 drugs were prescribed in 1020 prescriptions out of which 96.8% were oral and 3.2% were topical formulations. Most frequently prescribed group of the drug was tricyclic antidepressants (27.3%) followed by anticonvulsants (25.3%). Polypharmacy was seen 89.7% as compared to monotherapy (10.3%). Only 132 ADRs of various types were seen. The most common organ system affected was the central nervous system followed by gastro intestinal systems. The most common drugs implicated for ADRs were TCAs (24.4%), anticonvulsants (16.6%), and Pregabeline (9.8%). There were no fatal adverse events. Mild to moderate ADRs included constipation, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dryness of mouth. Conclusions: The choice of drug depends on etiology of neuropathic pain, drug efficacy and availability and also on ADR profile.

Leukodystrophies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Schrifl ◽  
SakkuBai Naidu ◽  
Ali Fatemi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Genetic Techniques

The term “leukodystrophies” refers to a group of genetic diseases characterized by degeneration of white matter in the central nervous system. Depending on the type of leukodystrophy, the phenotype can range from early infantile-onset, rapid, progressive forms to adult-onset slowly progressive variants. The understanding, definition, and classification have been enhanced greatly by the combined use of neuroimaging, especially MRI, and genetic techniques. The window for targeted therapeutic interventions remains brief and management is often limited to symptomatic, supportive, and palliative care, and new approaches for treatment remain a great task for future research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document