Neuroprotection in TBI

Neurotrauma ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 333-346
Author(s):  
Dafin Muresanu ◽  
Codruta Birle Barle ◽  
Ioana Muresanu ◽  
Cezara Costin ◽  
Johannes Vester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Secondary Injury ◽  
Neuroprotective Therapy ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Endogenous Defense

Neuroprotection represents an important scientific objective in traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to the limited treatment options and the importance of the extent of secondary injury in determining short- and long-term complications. Neuroprotection in TBI targets secondary neuronal injury, a multidimensional molecular cascade that includes excitotoxicity, immune response imbalances, oxidative stress, and apoptotic-like processes. These molecular processes lead to dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier and alterations of neurotransmitter and hormonal systems. The result is an imbalance of the interplay between endogenous defense activity and damage mechanisms. The disappointment over the failure of most randomized clinical trials to produce a neuroprotective therapy for improving outcomes has led to the development of a critical, constructive view of the current understanding of the complexity of secondary injury pathways, how these pathways could be modulated, and how a clinical trial should be designed to detect the multidimensional aspects of TBI outcomes.

Considering a Potential Role of Linalool as a Mood Stabilizer for Bipolar Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. 5128-5133
Author(s):  
Kate Levenberg ◽  
Wade Edris ◽  
Martha Levine ◽  
Daniel R. George
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mood Stabilizer ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Short And Long Term

Epidemiologic studies suggest that the lifetime prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders ranges from 2.8 to 6.5 percent of the population. To decrease morbidity and mortality associated with disease progression, pharmacologic intervention is indicated for the majority of these patients. While a number of effective treatment regimens exist, many conventional medications have significant side effect profiles that adversely impact patients’ short and long-term well-being. It is thus important to continue advancing and improving therapeutic options available to patients. This paper reviews the limitations of current treatments and examines the chemical compound Linalool, an alcohol found in many plant species, that may serve as an effective mood stabilizer. While relatively little is known about Linalool and bipolar disorder, the compound has been shown to have antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, anti-depressive, and neurotrophic effects, with mechanisms that are comparable to current bipolar disorder treatment options.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury: Oxidative Stress and Novel Anti-Oxidants Such as Mitoquinone and Edaravone

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Ismail ◽  
Zaynab Shakkour ◽  
Maha Tabet ◽  
Samar Abdelhady ◽  
Abir Kobaisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ionic Imbalance

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern worldwide and is classified based on severity into mild, moderate, and severe. The mechanical injury in TBI leads to a metabolic and ionic imbalance, which eventually leads to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a state of oxidative stress. To date, no drug has been approved by the food and drug administration (FDA) for the treatment of TBI. Nevertheless, it is thought that targeting the pathology mechanisms would alleviate the consequences of TBI. For that purpose, antioxidants have been considered as treatment options in TBI and were shown to have a neuroprotective effect. In this review, we will discuss oxidative stress in TBI, the history of antioxidant utilization in the treatment of TBI, and we will focus on two novel antioxidants, mitoquinone (MitoQ) and edaravone. MitoQ can cross the blood brain barrier and cellular membranes to accumulate in the mitochondria and is thought to activate the Nrf2/ARE pathway leading to an increase in the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Edaravone is a free radical scavenger that leads to the mitigation of damage resulting from oxidative stress with a possible association to the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway as well.

scholarly journals P451 Short-and long-term effectiveness of ustekinumab in patients with Crohn’s disease: real-world data from a German IBD cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S405-S405
Author(s):  
A Kubesch ◽  
L Rueter ◽  
K Farrag ◽  
T Krause ◽  
K Stienecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Real World ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Free Response ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract Background The IL-12/23 inhibitor ustekinumab (UST) opened up new treatment options for patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Due to the recent approval, Real-World German data on long-term efficacy and safety are lacking. This study aimed to assess the clinical course of CD patients under UST therapy and to identify potential predictive markers. Methods Patients with CD receiving UST treatment in three hospitals and two outpatient centres were included and retrospectively analysed. Rates for short- and long-term remission and response were analysed with the help of clinical (Harvey–Bradshaw Index [HBI]) and biochemical (C-reactive protein [CRP], faecal calprotectin [fCal]) parameters for disease activity. Results Data from 180 patients were evaluated. One hundred six patients had a follow-up of at least 8 weeks and were included. 96.2% of the patients were pre-exposed to anti- TNFα agents and 34.4% to both anti-TNFα and anti-integrin. The median follow-up was 49.1 weeks (95% CI 42.03–56.25). At week 8, 51 patients (54.8%) showed response to UST, and 24 (24.7%) were in remission. At week 48, 39 (41.9%) responded to UST, and 20 patients (21.5%) were in remission. Steroid-free response and remission at week eight were achieved by 30.1%, and 19.3% of patients. At week 48, 26.9% showed steroid-free response to UST, and 15.1% of the initial patient population was in steroid-free remission. Clinical response at week 16 was independently associated with remission at week 48. Conclusion Our study confirms short- and long-term UST effectiveness and tolerability in a cohort of multi-treatment exposed patients.

Short- and long-term alterations of mitochondrial morphology, dynamics and mtDNA after transient oxidative stress

Mitochondrion ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Jendrach ◽  
Sören Mai ◽  
Sandra Pohl ◽  
Monika Vöth ◽  
Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Short And Long Term

Cardiac Surgery for Carcinoid Heart Disease: A Weapon Not to Be Misused

Cardiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bonou ◽  
Chris J. Kapelios ◽  
Gregory Kaltsas ◽  
Konstantinos Perreas ◽  
Konstantinos Toutouzas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Carcinoid Heart Disease ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
Short And Long Term

Carcinoid heart disease (CHD) complicates approximately 25% of patients with a carcinoid tumor and carcinoid syndrome and leads to heart valve degeneration with mixed-stenotic and regurgitation pathology and consequent heart failure (HF) leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Cardiac surgery in symptomatic, severe CHD leads to significantly better functional capacity and prolonged survival when compared to medical treatment alone. Recent studies have shown improvement in postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for CHD over the last decades. The trend for early diagnosis and application of surgery prior to the manifestation of HF symptoms, which tended to develop during the previous years, does not seem justifiable based on the findings of recent studies. Therefore, the optimal timing of intervention in CHD and the type of valve that should preferably be used remain issues of controversy. This review comprehensively examines the existing literature on the treatment options for patients with CHD, with a special focus on short- and long-term survival after cardiac surgery, and discusses the selection of the exact patient profile and intervention timing that are more likely to optimize the benefit-to-risk ratio for surgical intervention.

Steroid Eluting High Impedance Pacing Leads Decrease Short and Long-Term Current Drain: Results from a Multicenter Clinical Trial.

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH A. ELLENBOGEN ◽  
MARK A. WOOD ◽  
DAVID M. GILLIGAN ◽  
MATT ZMIJEWSKI ◽  
DAN MANS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Multicenter Clinical Trial ◽  
High Impedance ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Current Drain ◽  
Pacing Leads
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