Clozapine for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadrick Lane ◽  
Vinod H. Srihari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Pharmacologic Management ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on the pharmacologic management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. This clinical trial, conducted by Kane and colleagues, asks whether clozapine is an effective option in the care of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia who have not responded to past trials of first-generation antipsychotics. To answer this question, the chapter reviews the basics of the study, including funding sources, study location, inclusion and exclusion criteria, number of participants, research design, interventions, follow-up, endpoints, results, criticisms, and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Lithium Plus Valproate Combination versus Monotherapy for Relapse Prevention in Bipolar I Disorder (BALANCE)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo De Aquino ◽  
Robert Beech
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Bipolar I Disorder ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on bipolar disorder. It starts by describing the overarching goal of this clinical trial, which was to address the following question: Is lithium plus valproate better than monotherapy with either drug alone for relapse prevention in bipolar I disorder? Subsequently, the describes basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations are described and discussed. Finally, other relevant studies and information are reviewed, and clinical implications are examined. The chapter is concluded by reviewing a relevant clinical case.

Effectiveness of Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadrick Lane ◽  
Mohini Ranganathan
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Intervention Effectiveness ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of the landmark study Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE). Phase 1 of CATIE evaluated whether there are measurable differences in effectiveness between antipsychotics (risperidone vs. olanzapine vs. ziprasidone vs. quetiapine vs. perphenazine) in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Starting with that question, the chapter describes the fundamentals of the study, including funding, study location, inclusion and exclusion criteria, how many participants were included, research design, interventions, follow-up, endpoints, outcomes, as well as criticisms and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Comparison of 8 versus 15 Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Adults

2018 ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Laurie O. Mark ◽  
Jean Kwo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of the landmark study “Comparison of 8 versus 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial.” In adult patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), is treatment with an 8-day course of antimicrobials as effective as a 15-day course? Starting with that question, the chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case. In ICU patients who develop microbiologically proven VAP, an 8-day antimicrobial course is not inferior to a 15-day course with respect to all-cause mortality or recurrence of pulmonary infection. However, these findings may not apply to patients who are immunocompromised, and shorter or longer duration of antibiotics may sometimes be indicated.

The Canadian Cardiac Randomized Evaluation of Antidepressant and Psychotherapy Efficacy (CREATE) Trial

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Gupta ◽  
Catherine Chiles
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Interpersonal Therapy ◽  
Randomized Evaluation ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Overall Health Status ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in psychiatry in primary care to mediate the effect of depression on overall health status . In the treatment of patients with major depression and coronary artery disease, what is the short-term efficacy of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (citalopram) and/or interpersonal therapy? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Grunwald ◽  
Erica Robinson ◽  
Sarah Fineberg
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Transference Focused Psychotherapy ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on borderline personality disorder. How does transference-focused psychotherapy, supportive therapy, and dialectical behavioral therapy compare in the treatment of borderline personality disorder? Starting with that question, the chapter describes the basics of this study, including funding sources, study location, who was studied, and how many patients participated in the study. The study design is described, as well as the study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and finally a discussion of criticisms and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Exposure and Ritual Prevention, Clomipramine, or Their Combination for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon M. Kitay ◽  
Michael H. Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on the management of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in adults. Is the combination of exposure and ritual prevention (a cognitive behavior therapy based intervention) along with clomipramine more efficacious than monotherapy with either treatment for OCD? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study interventions, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications for clinical management, and concludes with an exemplary clinical case applying the evidence.

Cognitive Therapy versus Medication in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Depression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Barron ◽  
Robert Ostroff
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on major depressive disorder. Is paroxetine or cognitive therapy more effective in treating patients with moderate to severe major depressive disorder? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Behavioral and/or Pharmacotherapy for Older Patients with Insomnia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ross ◽  
Rajesh R. Tampi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Longterm Treatment ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on short and longterm treatment of insomnia. Should older patients with insomnia be managed with cognitive behavioral therapy, benzodiazepines, or both? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case. The study shows that bensodiazepines and cognitive behavioral therapy are equally effective for shorterm treatment of insomnia in otherwise healthy elderly participants but cognitive behavioral therapy is far more effective for longterm treatment of insomnia.

Prevalence and Severity of Psychiatric Comorbidities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Yarnell ◽  
Ellen Edens
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
National Comorbidity Survey Replication ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

Chapter 20—The Prevalence and Severity of Psychiatric Comorbidities provides a summary of a landmark study in epidemiology, the The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). This chapter study sought to answer some fundamental questions. How common are comorbid psychiatric conditions? What are the prevalence and severity rates for comorbid anxiety, mood, impulse control, and substance use disorders? Starting with these questions, this chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

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