Seizures and Epilepsy (DRAFT)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Kaplan ◽  
Tracey Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Generalized Seizures ◽  
History Of

The video in this chapter explores seizures and epilepsy, including definitions or focal or generalized seizures and epilepsy, as well as the differences between the two. It discusses risk factors for epilepsy (family history, history of febrile seizures, brain injury) and its diagnosis (by history and EEG), as well as comorbidities of epilepsy (mood and cognitive disorders, accidents, and sudden unexpected death).

scholarly journals Major clinical risk factors for seizures in febrile children aged 6 to 60 months.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 891-894
Author(s):  
Shahid Ishaq ◽  
Ejaz Mazari ◽  
Fazal ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Objectives: Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common type of seizures and typically transpire in children with ages from 6 to 60 months. This study was planned to find out major clinical risk factors for seizures in febrile children who were aged 6 to 60 months. A total of 100 febrile children aged 6 to 60. Study Design: Analytical Study. Setting: Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Multan. Period: From 1st April 2018 to 31st December 2018. Material & Methods: Group A had 40 children with febrile seizures while group B had 60 febrile children but without seizures. Demographic features along with family history of (H/O) epilepsy as well as family history of febrile seizure, types of seizure and infection diseases were noted and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Odds ratio was calculated for various risk factors. Chi square test was applied and P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Out of a total of 100 children, there were 54 (54.0%) male and 46 (46.0%) female. There was no statistical difference in terms of gender between the two groups (p value = 0.566). Overall, mean age of the children was 26.02 months with standard deviation of 13.4 months. There were 28 (70.0%) children who reported with simple seizures while complex seizures were found in 12 (30.0%) cases. Statistically significant difference (p value = 0.001) was seen in terms of types of infections between the two study groups. When risk of seizures for various risk factors was calculated, family H/O FS, family H/O epilepsy, and upper RTI were as 14, 7 and 3 times respectively and turned out to be the major risk factors for seizures in febrile children. Conclusions: Family H/O FS, family H/O epilepsy and upper RTIs are the major risk factors related with seizures in febrile children. Measures to prevent these risk factors can decrease the burden of FS in our population.

Sudden, Unexpected Death Associated with Meningioangiomatosis: Case Report

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Wixom ◽  
Amy E. Chadwick ◽  
Henry F. Krous
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Family History ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Orbital Frontal Cortex ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

We report a case of sudden, unexpected death associated with meningioangiomatosis in a 13-year-old, previously healthy male without a history of seizures, neurologic deficits, or clinical stigmata of neurofibromatosis. There was no family history of neurofibromatosis. The postmortem examination showed a 5-cm mass involving the right posterior frontal and orbital frontal cortex that had microscopic features diagnostic of meningioangiomatosis. Because no other cause of death was found, we postulate that he likely died as a result of a seizure secondary to meningioangiomatosis.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of the First Febrile Seizures in Iranian Children

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Mahyar ◽  
Parviz Ayazi ◽  
Mazdak Fallahi ◽  
Amir Javadi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Iranian Children

Objective. Febrile seizures are the most common type of convulsion in children. The identification of influencing factors on incidence of the first febrile seizures is of prime priority. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors of the first febrile seizures in Iranian children.Methods. In this case-control study 80 children aged 9 month to 5 years with their first febrile seizures were compared with 80 children with fever without seizure based on different risk factors in 2007.Results. There was significant difference between two groups regarding the gender, family history of febrile seizures, breast-feeding duration, and the body temperature (P<.05).Conclusion. Our study showed that factors including the gender, family history of febrile seizures, breast-feeding duration, and the body temperature are among the risk factors in occurrence of the first febrile seizure. Preventive measures to remove such risk factors could lead to lower the incidence of febrile seizures.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic risk factors associated with febrile seizures at Puducherry: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1130
Author(s):  
Gobinaath . ◽  
Arun Daniel J.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

Background: Febrile seizures occur commonly in the under 5 age group and is associated with few risk factors causing its recurrence like very high fever, family history of seizures, low sodium levels and younger age of onset which are subject to seasonal and wide geographical variations. This study aimed at detecting the major risk factors associated with recurrent febrile seizures in an Indian population.Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted among a total of 300 cases aged 6 months to 5 years attending to the paediatric OPD with history of fever followed by febrile seizures. Information regarding socio-demographic and clinical variables associated with febrile seizure was collected and analyzed.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 25.6±2.2 months and majority (60%) were males. Family history of seizures was present in 25.3% (n=76) of the children with febrile seizures. Respiratory infections (73.3%) and gastroenteritis (17%) were the major infective reasons associated with the occurrence of febrile seizures followed by pneumonia (6.3%) and urinary tract infections (5%). Recurrence of FS was significantly higher among the children with family history of FS (p=0.009), age at onset lesser (p<0.001) and simple FS seizures.Conclusions: Younger age at onset and positive family history of seizures were important socio-demographic risk factors associated with recurrent febrile seizures.

scholarly journals Reducing Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy: Considering Risk Factors, Pathophysiology and Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan A. Shlobin ◽  
Josemir W. Sander
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Function ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Symptomatic Epilepsy ◽  
Convulsive Seizures

Abstract Purpose of Review Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is the commonest cause of epilepsy-related premature mortality in people with chronic epilepsy. It is the most devastating epilepsy outcome. We describe and discuss risk factors and possible pathophysiological mechanisms to elucidate possible preventative strategies to avert SUDEP. Recent Findings Sudden death accounts for a significant proportion of premature mortality in people with epilepsy compared to the general population. Unmodifiable risk factors include a history of neurologic insult, younger age of seizure-onset, longer epilepsy duration, a history of convulsions, symptomatic epilepsy, intellectual disability, and non-ambulatory status. Modifiable risk factors include the presence of convulsive seizures, increased seizure frequency, timely and appropriate use of antiseizure medications, polytherapy, alcoholism, and supervision while sleeping. Pathophysiology is unclear, but several possible mechanisms such as direct alteration of cardiorespiratory function, pulmonary impairment, electrocerebral shutdown, adenosine dysfunction, and genetic susceptibility suggested. Summary Methods to prevent SUDEP include increasing awareness of SUDEP, augmenting knowledge of unmodifiable risk factors, obtaining full seizure remission, addressing lifestyle factors such as supervision and prone positioning, and enacting protocols to increase the detection of and intervention for SUDEP. Further studies are required to characterize precisely and comprehensively SUDEP risk factors and pathophysiological drivers and develop evidence-based algorithms to minimize SUDEP in people with epilepsy.

Sudden Unexpected Death in Childhood: A Report of 50 Cases

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry F Krous ◽  
Amy E. Chadwick ◽  
Laura Crandall ◽  
Julie M. Nadeau-Manning
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Live Births ◽  
History Of

Sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC) is rare, with a reported incidence in the United States of 1.5 deaths per 100,000 live births compared with 56 deaths per 100,000 live births for sudden infant death syndrome in 2001. The objectives of this study include a proposal for a general definition for SUDC and presentation of 36 cases of SUDC and 14 cases of sudden unexpected death in childhood. Cases were accrued through referrals or unsolicited via our Web page ( www.sudc.org ). Our analyses tentatively suggest a SUDC profile characterized by cases being 1 to 3 years in age, predominantly male, and frequently having a personal and family history of seizures that are often associated with a fever. A history of recent minor head trauma is not uncommon. They are usually born at term as singletons and occasionally have a family history of sudden infant death syndrome or SUDC. Most are found prone, often with their face straight down into the sleep surface. Minor findings are commonly seen at postmortem examination but do not explain their deaths. Comprehensive review of the medical history and circumstances of death and performance of a complete postmortem examination including ancillary studies and extensive histologic sampling of the brain are critical in determining the cause of death in these cases of sudden unexpected childhood death. Legislation enabling research and formation of a multicenter research team is recommended to unravel the mystery of SUDC.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of First Febrile Seizures Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Fauzia Nahid ◽  
Farhana Rahman ◽  
Md Mahbubul Hoque ◽  
Md Ruhul Amin ◽  
Tahmina Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Febrile Seizure ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Febrile Convulsion ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
History Of

Background & objective: Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common convulsive event in children. It is the most common type of seizure that every pediatrician has to deal with. However, the etiology of febrile seizure is still unclear. The present study was intended to identify the risk factors of first febrile convulsion among 6 months to 5 years old children. Materials & Methods: A case-control study was carried out on a total of 200 children-100 cases (children with febrile convulsion) & 100 controls (without febrile convulsion) selected from the In-patient Department of Dhaka Shishu Hospital over a period of six months between May 2012 to October 2012. Data were collected on variables of interest using a semi-structured research instrument. The Chi-square test and Odd Ratio were employed to compare the risk factors between case and control groups. Result: There was no association of febrile seizure with age of the children, but males were more often associated with FS than the females with risk of developing febrile seizures in boys was 3.5-fold (95% CI=1.8 -6.8) higher than that in girls (p<0.001). The risk of having FS in children with prematurity and caesarean delivery was 2.8 times (95% CI=1.5-5.0) and 2-times (95% CI=1.4-2.6) greater than those in children without having these conditions (p=0.001 and p<0.001 respectively). The children with family history of febrile seizure tends to be associated with first febrile seizures and the odds of having the condition is 36.4 (95% CI=15.4-85.7). There was no significant relationship between family history of epilepsy and first febrile seizure (p=0.061). The children with shorter duration of breast feeding (6-12 months) carry 2.9(95% CI=2.0-4.0) times higher risk of having first febrile seizure than those with longer duration of breast-feeding (p<0.001). Exclusively breast-fed children were less susceptible to develop febrile seizures (OR=0.149, 95% CI: 0.08-0.23). Twelve cases developed perinatal asphyxia as opposed to only 2 of the control group and the risk of having FS in children with perinatal asphyxia was 1.8(95% CI=1.4-2.3) times higher than those without having the history ofperinatal asphyxia (p<0.001). Three-quarters of the children presented with FS had viral fever whereas only 4% of the controls had viral fever indicating that viral fever triggers the development of FS much more frequently than any other childhood illness (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study concluded that male sex, preterm baby, positive family history of febrile seizures, less than 6 months of exclusive breast feeding, not continuing the breast-feeding beyond 12 months, perinatal asphyxia and viral infections are the predictors of first febrile seizure. Preventive measures in removing these risk factors can go a long way to a decrease the incidence of febrile seizures. Ibrahim Card Med J 2016; 6 (1&2): 56-61

scholarly journals A Study of clinical and laboratory profile of children presenting with febrile seizures in a teaching hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Venkateshwar P
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Study Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Laboratory Profile ◽  
History Of Epilepsy ◽  
Sugar Levels

Background: Febrile seizures are the most common cause of convulsions in children. Although most febrile seizures are benign, the child must be evaluated immediately to reduce parental anxiety, to identify the cause of fever and preventable risk factors if any. It is essential to exclude underlying pyogenic meningitis, either clinically or if any doubt remains, by lumbar puncture. The present study evaluated the common risk factors associated with febrile seizures and the conditions causing fever commonly associated with febrile seizures, the morbidity profile and laboratory profile in children presenting with febrile seizures to identify preventable risk factors if any. Methods : n=50 Children in the age group of 6 months to 5 years admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagunoor, Karimnagar with Febrile Seizures diagnosed as per AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) guidelines, taken up for the study and compared with 50 other children in the same group with fever but without seizures. Both the study group and control were examined, investigated and compared against each other concerning the clinical and laboratory profile. RESULTS: In the present observational prospective study, the incidence of febrile seizures was more in children less than 24 months of age (78%), with a Male children Preponderance (58%). There were more children with Pallor (70%), Family History of Seizure Disorder (30%), and Consanguinity (38%) in children with Febrile Seizures. URI & Viral fever (44%) were the most common etiological factors for fever among the study group. On investigation, many children with Febrile Seizures had low Haemoglobin levels (60%) and Microcytic Hypochromic blood picture (58%). There was no significant abnormality in Total & Differential Leucocyte Count, Serum Calcium, Electrolyte, Random Blood Sugar levels among the Cases and Controls. Conclusion: Young age (<24 months), family history of febrile seizures and family history of epilepsy are risk factors for febrile seizures. Consanguinity among parents was an incidental finding in children with febrile seizures. Many children with febrile seizures had Microcytic Hypochromic anemia pointing towards iron deficiency thus iron supplementation to prevent anemia may lead to decreased incidence of development and recurrence of febrile seizures. Association of serious infectious diseases with febrile seizures is rare. Laboratory investigations should be directed towards the identification of the cause of fever and not an evaluation of seizure.

Complete paroxysmal atrioventricular block in a 2-year-old girl

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1407-1410
Author(s):  
Line M. Holst ◽  
Ulrik Dixen ◽  
Dorthe L. Jeppesen
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Atrioventricular Block ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Holter Monitoring ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Precipitating Factors ◽  
Complete Atrioventricular Block ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complete Atrioventricular

AbstractWe present a case of atypical syncope in a 2-year-old, otherwise healthy girl. The patient presented with three episodes of syncope without any precipitating factors and no family history of sudden unexpected death. Holter monitoring revealed 24 events of complete atrioventricular block lasting up to 6 seconds. A normal 12-lead electrocardiogram does not necessarily exclude cardiac disease, and Holter monitoring is warranted in children with atypical syncope.

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