Pharmacologic Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 359-370
Author(s):  
Keith A. Miller ◽  
Robert J. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatment ◽  
Human Behaviors ◽  
Brain Circuits

Human behaviors such as thinking, feeling, and action can be viewed as products of the interactions between brain circuits, neurotransmitters, and oscillations that are influenced to a certain extent by inherited genes, acquired values, and social norms. A psychiatric disorder reflects a dysfunctional brain, and 1 way to treat such a condition is through the use of pharmacologic compounds that can help restore order in a disorderly brain.

scholarly journals Attitudes of the general population to psychiatric and physical illness

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Clinical Vignette ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Negative Attitudes

Aims and methodThe attitudes of members of the general population to people with psychiatric and physical illnesses were examined. We took a random sample of 280 members of the general population listed in the phone directory and sent them a brief clinical vignette about a neighbour with either schizophrenia, depression, diabetes or no illness.ResultsOnly 103 (41%) of the surveyed general population responded. Some unsolicited comments revealed negative attitudes from a small number of subjects. There were, however, no statistically significant differences in general attitudes to sufferers of psychiatric and physical illnesses suggestive of discrimination against the former. Indeed, respondents showed a general tendency to be more supportive of a neighbour with any illness than to those without. In a sub-analysis, however, those who knew someone with schizophrenia were significantly less likely to be sympathetic towards them.Clinical implicationsWe have not detected any general stigmatisation of those with psychiatric disorders, but our results may be attributable to response bias. Discrimination against those with psychiatric disorder may be limited to a relatively small sector of society or may only be manifest in relatively close relationships.

scholarly journals Psychiatric disorders in multiple sclerosis patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (3a) ◽  
pp. 664-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirella Martins Fazzito ◽  
Sérgio Semeraro Jordy ◽  
Charles Peter Tilbery
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Variable Clinical Presentation

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease showing variable clinical presentation. Optic neuritis is the most common symptom, followed by motor and sensitive manifestations. It is known that this disease may be related to several psychiatric disorders, especially depression. In this study we will discribe 5 cases of MS patients harboring psychiatric disorder related or unchained by the disease itself.

Pharmacogenomics variants are associated with BMI differences between individuals with bipolar and other psychiatric disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 749-760
Author(s):  
Aggeliki Charalampidi ◽  
Zoe Kordou ◽  
Evangelia-Eirini Tsermpini ◽  
Panagiotis Bosganas ◽  
Wasun Chantratita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Aim: Regardless of the plethora of next-generation sequencing studies in the field of pharmacogenomics (PGx), the potential effect of covariate variables on PGx response within deeply phenotyped cohorts remains unexplored. Materials & methods: We explored with advanced statistical methods the potential influence of BMI, as a covariate variable, on PGx response in a Greek cohort with psychiatric disorders. Results: Nine PGx variants within UGT1A6, SLC22A4, GSTP1, CYP4B1, CES1, SLC29A3 and DPYD were associated with altered BMI in different psychiatric disorder groups. Carriers of rs2070959 ( UGT1A6), rs199861210 ( SLC29A3) and rs2297595 ( DPYD) were also characterized by significant changes in the mean BMI, depending on the presence of psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: Specific PGx variants are significantly associated with BMI in a Greek cohort with psychiatric disorders.

Culture-related specific psychiatric syndromes

2012 ◽  
pp. 979-986
Author(s):  
Wen-Shing Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Adjustment Disorders ◽  
Formation Reaction ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Stress Formation ◽  
Minor Psychiatric Disorders

In certain ways, all psychiatric disorders are more or less influenced by cultural factors, in addition to biological and psychological factors, for their occurrence and manifestation. ‘Major’ psychiatric disorders (such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorders) are more determined by biological factors and relatively less by psychological and cultural factors, but ‘minor’ psychiatric disorders (such as anxiety disorders, conversion disorders, or adjustment disorders) are more subject to psychological causes as well as cultural factors. In addition to this, there are groups of psychiatric disorders that are heavily related to and influenced by cultural factors, and therefore addressed as culture-related specific psychiatric syndromes. Even though the encounter of culture-related specific psychiatric disorder in our daily psychiatric practice is relatively rare, the purpose of examining such specific syndromes has its significant purpose and implications. Through such unique examples, it helps us to appreciate the cultural attribution to the stress formation, reaction pattern, symptom manifestation, occurrence of frequency of disorders, and reaction to the disorders. It also concerns how to work on therapy for the disorder by complying patient’s cultural background.

Psychiatric Consultation in a Spinal Injuries Unit

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona K. Judd ◽  
Douglas J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Spinal Injuries ◽  
Psychiatric Consultation ◽  
Cord Injury

The function of a consultation liaison service to a spinal injuries unit is described. Within this context, a study was conducted in which sociodemographic and clinical data were collected over a 4 year period for consecutive admissions to the unit. Data are presented for 227 patients admitted during this period. Forty-seven patients were found to have discrete psychiatric disorders (DSM III) which required treatment during the course of their inpatient care. For forty-two of these patients the psychiatric disorder first developed following spinal cord injury.

The Prediction of the Course of Minor Psychiatric Disorders

1979 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Huxley ◽  
D. P. Goldberg ◽  
G. P. Maguire ◽  
V. A. Kincey
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Correlation Factor ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
One Year ◽  
Minor Psychiatric Disorders

SummaryRecent studies have suggested that psychosocial factors play an important part in the prediction of the course of minor psychiatric disorders. Fifty-nine new psychiatric out-patients suffering from minor disorders were assessed, using standardized clinical and social interviews, and 52 were followed up after one year and the clinical assessment repeated. Social and clinical factors were equally important predictors of the number of months ill in the survey year, but social and constitutional variables were superior in the prediction of percentage change in symptoms over the year.The results of correlation, factor and multiple regression analyses suggest that the course of minor psychiatric disorder is best predicted by three sets of variables which are, in order of importance, the patient's material social circumstances, his clinical symptoms and his ‘genetic risk’ scores.

What Are the Psychosocial Factors Associated With Migraine in the Child? Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders, Family Functioning, Parenting Style, or Mom’s Psychiatric Symptoms?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gozde Kandemir ◽  
Selma Tural Hesapcioglu ◽  
Aysegül N. Citak Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Migraine Group

Objective: Psychiatric diagnoses, parenting style, family functioning among children and adolescents with migraine, and psychiatric symptoms of their mothers were examined. Methods: The K-SADS and other measurements were used to assess psychiatric disorders in 50 children with migraine (aged 8-18) and matched 50 controls. Results: At least one psychiatric disorder was diagnosed in 56% of the migraine group. The presence of any psychiatric disorder in children (odds ratio [OR] = 2.765, P = .027) and somatization symptoms in their mothers (OR = 2.061, P = .025) were increasing the risk of migraine diagnosis. The parenting style scale assessments revealed that parents in the migraine group grant their children less autonomy. Conclusion: Psychiatric comorbidity, especially depression and anxiety disorders, is more common in children with migraine. The frequency of eating disorder is also higher. Evaluating comorbidity, family functioning, and particularly affective responsiveness in migraine families may guide the clinician to a targeted treatment plan.

The Relative Incidence of Psychiatric Disorder in Students of Psychology and of Other Subjects

1964 ◽  
Vol 110 (465) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Dann
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Student Mental Health ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Relative Incidence ◽  
General Impression ◽  
Special Mention ◽  
Psychological Vulnerability

There is a general impression amongst doctors that students and ex-students of Psychology suffer more from psychiatric disorders than do the rest of the population. This impression has not, however, been backed by any figures so far as I can discover. Davidson et al. (1955), for example, in their study of the detection of psychological vulnerability in students, make no special mention of Psychology students. Nor is there any special mention of Psychology students in the Proceedings of the First International Conference on Student Mental Health, edited by Funkenstein (1959). This present paper is an attempt to remedy the deficiency in part, and to encourage others to collect and publish further data.

Symptoms of War Trauma Induced Psychiatric Disorders: Southeast Asian Refugees and Vietnam Veterans

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 820-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn R. August ◽  
Barbara A. Gianola
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Vietnam Veterans ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
War Trauma ◽  
Southeast Asian Refugees ◽  
Health Disorders

This article compares the symptomatology of Southeast Asian refugees suffering from mental health disorders with that of Vietnam veterans suffering from psychiatric disorders related to war trauma. Both of these groups share common unresolved feelings and have similar clinical manifestations resulting from the intensity of wartime atrocities. Similarities in the symptoms presented by these two groups suggest the Southeast Asian refugees may also suffer from the same type of war trauma induced psychiatric disorder as the Vietnam veterans.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Disorders in Puerperium

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmina Afreen Daise ◽  
Nazneen Kabir ◽  
Saria Tasnim ◽  
Nahid Yesmin ◽  
AKM Badrul Ahasan
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Post Natal Depression ◽  
Women Experiences

Introduction: Post partum psychiatric illness was initially conceptualized as a group of disorders specifically linked to pregnancy and childbirth and thus was considered diagnostically distinct from other types. More recent evidence suggest that Post partum psychiatric disorder is virtually indistinguishable from psychiatric disorders that occur at other times during a woman’s life. A wide variety of disorders are seen. Recognition of disorders for the mother-infant relationship is important, because these have pernicious long-term effects but generally respond to treatment.Objective: The objective of this review is to highlight the different type of psychiatric disorders in the puerperium and their management.Materials and Methods: Literature of reputed journals were used to prepare this article with the help of pshychiatric consultant.Results: Psychiatric disorder in puperium has got different severity. Commonly encountered disorders are: Maternity blues, Post natal depression, Post partum psychosis. Most common is related to manic depression, in which neuroleptic drugs should be used with caution. Eighty five (85%) of women experiences mood changes in postpartum. About 10%-15% of women develops post partum depression. 0.1% -0.2% experience postpartum psychosis. 4,00000 children are born to depressed mothers every year.Conclusion: The obstetrics team should alert both to possible interaction between psychological and obstretics factors and to the range of psychiatric disorders that may occur during pregnancy and puperium. The obstetrics and psychiatric teams should work together to improve their services locally and high light the need for greater service provision every where ic stress disorder, obsessions of child harm, and a range of anxiety disorders all require specific psychological treatments. Postpartum depression necessitates thorough exploration. Cessation of breastfeeding is not necessary, because most antidepressant drugs seem not to affect the infant. Controlled trials have shown the benefit of involving the child’s father in therapy and of interventions promoting interaction between mother and infant. Owing to its complexity, multidisciplinary specialist teams have an important place in postpartum period. It should have clinical priority those are suffering from psychiatric problem during puperium as they are in crucial situation. It is important to recognize earliar to avoid undesirable consequences, which are harmful both for mother and infant.. According to severity patient may need counseling, social support, sometimes patient may need hospitalization in severe cases. There are several traditional methods worldwide sometimes they are beneficial and sometimes harmful to mother and infant.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2013; Vol. 28(1) : 38-43

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