Lyme borreliosis

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue O’Connell
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Erythema Migrans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
Musculoskeletal Systems ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Lyme borreliosis is the most common vector-borne bacterial infection in the temperate northern hemisphere. In the United States of America over 35,000 confirmed or probable cases were reported by state health departments to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2008. It is likely that well over 100,000 cases occur in Europe each year. Lyme borreliosis is caused by several genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, which are transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. The infection occurs most commonly in forested, woodland and heathland habitats that support the lifecycles of Ixodes ticks and the small mammals and birds that are reservoir-competent hosts for B burgorferi. The most common presenting feature of Lyme borreliosis is erythema migrans, a slowly spreading rash. The spirochaetes can disseminate through the bloodstream and lymphatics to other organs and tissues and cause later manifestations, most commonly affecting the nervous and musculoskeletal systems. The infection responds to appropriate antibiotic treatment at any stage of disease, with excellent outcomes in most cases, but patients with severe tissue damage from previously untreated late stage disease may recover incompletely. A small proportion of patients can have persistent non-specific symptoms following treatment, without evidence of continuing active infection. This has been termed “post-Lyme syndrome” and appears to be similar to other post-infection syndromes. Prevention relies mainly on personal protection measures against tick bites.

scholarly journals Geographical and genospecies distribution of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA detected in humans in the USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry L. Clark ◽  
Brian F. Leydet ◽  
Clifford Threlkeld
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Skin Biopsy ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Erythema Migrans ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Southern States ◽  
The Usa

The present study investigated the cause of illness in human patients primarily in the southern USA with suspected Lyme disease based on erythema migrans-like skin lesions and/or symptoms consistent with early localized or late disseminated Lyme borreliosis. The study also included some patients from other states throughout the USA. Several PCR assays specific for either members of the genus Borrelia or only for Lyme group Borrelia spp. (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato), and DNA sequence analysis, were used to identify Borrelia spp. DNA in blood and skin biopsy samples from human patients. B. burgdorferi sensu lato DNA was found in both blood and skin biopsy samples from patients residing in the southern states and elsewhere in the USA, but no evidence of DNA from other Borrelia spp. was detected. Based on phylogenetic analysis of partial flagellin (flaB) gene sequences, strains that clustered separately with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia americana or Borrelia andersonii were associated with Lyme disease-like signs and symptoms in patients from the southern states, as well as from some other areas of the country. Strains most similar to B. burgdorferi sensu stricto and B. americana were found most commonly and appeared to be widely distributed among patients residing throughout the USA. The study findings suggest that human cases of Lyme disease in the southern USA may be more common than previously recognized and may also be caused by more than one species of B. burgdorferi sensu lato. This study provides further evidence that B. burgdorferi sensu stricto is not the only species associated with signs and/or symptoms consistent with Lyme borreliosis in the USA.

Lyme Disease

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Robert S. Baltimore ◽  
Eugene D. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lyme Arthritis ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
The Common

Introduction and Definitions Lyme borreliosis (Lyme disease) is a systemic infection caused by a spirochete, Borrelia burgdoferi. It is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. Lyme disease was first described in Lyme, Connecticut (hence its name), where a cluster of children who had unexplained arthritis first were brought to medical attention by one of their parents. Investigation of this "epidemic" of arthritis led to the description of Lyme arthritis and ultimately to the discovery of its bacterial etiology. The clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis are protean; this, coupled with the practical difficulties of confirming the diagnosis in many patients, has led to many misconceptions about Lyme disease. Indeed, there is much we do not know about the disease, which was only recognized in the US as a distinct entity slightly more than 15 years ago, and the cause of which was first identified only about 10 years ago. Epidemiology ECOLOGY AND TRANSMISSION Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodid species. In the US, the common vectors are Ixodes dammini (the deer tick), reported to be the same species as I scapularis, in the Northeast and the Midwest and I pacificus (the western black-legged tick) on the Pacific Coast. Ixodes ticks are much smaller than the common wood tick; the nymphal Ixodes tick is about the size of a pencil point (1 to 2 mm).

scholarly journals Completed Genome Sequences of Borrelia burgdorferiSensu Stricto B31(NRZ) and Closely Related Patient Isolates from Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Margos ◽  
Sabrina Hepner ◽  
Christoph Mang ◽  
Andreas Sing ◽  
Bernhard Liebl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Erythema Migrans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is a causative agent of human Lyme borreliosis in the United States and Europe. We report here the completed genome sequences of strain B31 isolated from a tick in the United States and two closely related strains from Europe, PAli and PAbe, which were isolated from patients with erythema migrans and neuroborreliosis, respectively.

scholarly journals Clinical Features of 705Borrelia burgdorferiSeropositive Patients in an Endemic Area of Northern Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Stinco ◽  
Maurizio Ruscio ◽  
Serena Bergamo ◽  
Davide Trotter ◽  
Pasquale Patrone
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Erythema Migrans ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Acrodermatitis Chronica Atrophicans

Background. Lyme Borreliosis is a multisystemic infection caused by spirochetes ofBorrelia burgdorferi sensu latocomplex. The features of Lyme Borreliosis may differ in the various geographical areas, primarily between the manifestations found in America and those found in Europe and Asia.Objective. to describe the clinical features of Lyme Borreliosis in an endemic geographic area such as Friuli-Venezia Giulia in the Northeastern part of Italy.Methods. The medical records of patients resulted seropositive forBorrelia burgdorferihave been retrospectively recorded and analyzed.Results. Seven hundred and five patients met the inclusion criteria, 363 males and 342 females. Erythema migrans was the most common manifestation, detected in 437 patients. Other classical cutaneous manifestations included 58 cases of multiple erythema migrans, 7 lymphadenosis benigna cutis, and 18 acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. The musculoskeletal system was involved in 511 patients. Four hundred and sixty patients presented a neurological involvement. Flu-like symptoms preceded or accompanied or were the only clinical feature in 119 patients.Comments. The manifestations of Lyme borreliosis recorded in this study are similar to the ones of other endemic areas in Europe, even if there are some peculiar features which are different from those reported in Northern Europe and in the USA.

Lyme borreliosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1181-1187
Author(s):  
Gary P. Wormser ◽  
John Nowakowski ◽  
Robert B. Nadelman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Cutaneous Lesion ◽  
Erythema Migrans ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Successful Resolution

Lyme borreliosis is a zoonotic bacterial infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, a spirochaetal agent transmitted by certain species of Ixodes ticks. Small rodents and birds serve as reservoirs. It is the most common vector-borne infection in the United States of America and an important infection in many countries throughout the temperate regions of Europe and northern Asia, where a wider variety of borrelia species account for differences in clinical manifestations in Eurasia compared with the United States. The most common and earliest clinical manifestation is erythema migrans, a distinctive cutaneous lesion that occurs at the site of deposition of the spirochaete by the vector tick. Most people treated for Lyme borreliosis respond well to a 2-week course of antibiotic therapy. Symptomatic treatment is recommended for patients who have or develop subjective complaints of unclear aetiology despite successful resolution of the objective manifestation of Lyme borreliosis following antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Characteristics in Notified Erythema Migrans Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
Maja Sočan ◽  
Mateja Blaško-Markič ◽  
Vanja Erčulj ◽  
Jaroslav Lajovic
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Erythema Migrans ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Common Clinical Presentation ◽  
The Unemployed

Abstract Background. Lyme borreliosis disease results from infection by members of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. The most common clinical presentation of Lyme borreliosis is erythema migrans (EM). To gain knowledge of the epidemiological parameters and the risk factors of EM in Slovenia, a survey has been carried out in 2010. Methods. A short anonymous and self-administrated questionnaire was sent to 4917 notified EM patients in 2010, aiming to collect epidemiological data and assess socio-economic determinants in patients with EM. Results. Three thousand and five (61%) patients with EM returned completed questionnaires. One thousand and nine hundred twenty-nine (74%) patients noted the tick where the EM developed. The tick bite was most often located on the legs in adults and in the head/neck area in children. The time that elapsed before the tick has been removed increased significantly with age. The attached tick was most frequently overlooked in preschool children. Nearly 70% of patients believed that they contracted the infection with borrelia near home. Infection away from their permanent residence was more often the case in those with a higher level of education and in 15-49 age groups. Compared to the Slovenian general population over 14 years of age, those with a higher level of education, the unemployed and farmers were overrepresented among the EM patients. Conclusions. The risk of Lyme borreliosis is widespread in Slovenia, with some areas more affected then others. Determinants of exposure to infected ticks are different, and depend on the socio-economic status and demographic characteristics.

scholarly journals Direct Molecular Typing of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Species in Synovial Samples from Patients with Lyme Arthritis

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1895-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jaulhac ◽  
R. Heller ◽  
F. X. Limbach ◽  
Y. Hansmann ◽  
D. Lipsker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Erythema Migrans ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Lyme Arthritis ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Northeastern France ◽  
Causative Bacterium

Since Lyme arthritis was first described in the United States, it has now been reported in many countries of Europe. However, very few strains of the causative bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi, have been isolated from synovial samples. For this reason, different molecular direct typing methods were developed recently to assess which species could be involved in Lyme arthritis in Europe. We developed a simple oligonucleotide typing method with PCR fragments from the flagellin gene of B. burgdorferi sensu lato, which is able to differentiate seven different Borrelia species. Among 10 consecutive PCR-positive patients with Lyme arthritis from the northeastern France, two species were identified in synovial samples:B. burgdorferi sensu stricto in 9 cases and B. garinii in 1 case. Conversely, all B. burgdorferisensu lato species detected in 10 consecutive PCR-positive biopsies from a second set of patients with erythema migrans from the same geographical area were identified as either B. afzelii orB. garinii (P < 0.001). These results indicate that B. burgdorferi sensu stricto is the principal but not the only Borrelia species involved in Lyme arthritis in northeastern France.

Multifactorial analysis of clinical laboratory signs, the levels of IL-17A, IL-23, IL-33, IL-35, and specific antibodies in the serum of patients with Lyme borreliosis without erythema migrans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 676-681
Author(s):  
V.V. Sapozhnikova ◽  
◽  
A.L. Bondarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Erythema Migrans ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multifactorial Analysis ◽  
Specific Antibodies

Aim: to determine the association between clinical laboratory parameters, the production of cytokines (IL-17A, -23, -33, -35), and specific IgM and IgG in the serum of patients with Lyme borreliosis without erythema migrans. Patients and Methods: complete blood count, the concentrations of IL-17A, -23, -33, -35, and the levels of specific IgM and IgG were measured during acute infection and convalescence (n=30). The control group included age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (n=30). Statistical analysis was performed using the StatSoft Statistica v 10.0 software (parametric and non-parametric methods and multifactorial analysis, i.e., principal component analysis). Results: most (80%) patients with Lyme borreliosis without erythema migrans are the people of working age. In most patients, the combination of the specific antibodies against Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii (76.7%) and severe intoxication and inflammatory process (100%) were detected. Moderate and severe disease associated with meningism was diagnosed in 90% and 10%, respectively. The mean duration of hectic period was 8.3±1.27 days. Abnormal ECG was reported in 40% of patients, i.e., conduction abnormalities in 20%, sinus bradycardia in 16.7%,and sinus tachycardia in 3.3%. The clinical laboratory signs of hepatitis without jaundice were identified in 26.7%. During treatment, the significant reduction in band and segmented neutrophil counts as well as the significant increase in platelet count were revealed compared to these parameters at admission. Abnormal cytokine levels (i.e., the increase in IL-17A, -23, -33 and the deficiency of IL-35) were detected. Conclusions: multifactorial analysis has demonstrated that the severity of immunological abnormalities in patients with Lyme borreliosis without erythema migrans is associated with fever, cardiac and liver disorders, the high levels of IL-23 and IL-33, and the lack of IL-35 and specific IgM and IgG. KEYWORDS: tick-borne borreliosis, Lyme disease without erythema migrans, clinical laboratory signs, cytokines, specific antibodies, multifactorial analysis, principal component analysis. FOR CITATION: Sapozhnikova V.V., Bondarenko A.L. Multifactorial analysis of clinical laboratory signs, the levels of IL-17A, IL-23, IL-33, IL-35, and specific antibodies in the serum of patients with Lyme borreliosis without erythema migrans. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(11):676–681. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-11-676-681.

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