Manganese in pregnancy and breastfeeding

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sir Peter Gluckman ◽  
Mark Hanson ◽  
Chong Yap Seng ◽  
Anne Bardsley
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
In Pregnancy

Manganese is both an essential element and a potent neurotoxin. It is involved in cellular metabolic processes and is a component of antioxidant enzymes. Uptake and efflux of manganese is tightly regulated, as both deficiency and excess can result in disease states. Manganese has essential functions in maternal health and fetal development, and in healthy women adequate amounts can be obtained from a mixed diet of grains, cereals, and fruits. Supplements containing manganese should be used with caution, as excess intake can have neurotoxic effects on the developing brain. Maternal intake in pregnancy and lactation is not likely to be a worry in most cases, as transfer of manganese to the fetus and into breast milk is limited.

Exercise and Lactation: Are They Compatible?

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gale B. Carey ◽  
Timothy J. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Milk Volume ◽  
Exercising Women ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Lactation is an energy-demanding physiological process for the maternal organism and life-giving for the offspring. Likewise, exercise is an energy-demanding process. This review addresses the Compatibility of exercise during lactation. Human studies suggest no detrimental effect of exercise during lactation on milk composition and volume, infant growth and development, or maternal health. Studies also demonstrate improved cardiovascular fitness in lactating, exercising women and suggest a quicker return to pre-pregnancy body weight and a more positive sense of well-being, compared to sedentary controls. Findings from rodent studies, although of questionable value for humans, have generally shown no detrimental influence of exercise during pregnancy and lactation on pup growth and development. To date, findings suggest that exercise and lactation are compatible activities. Key words: maternal health, infant growth, breast milk composition, breast milk volume, cardiovascular fitness

scholarly journals Perinatal Use of Melatonin for Offspring Health: Focus on Cardiovascular and Neurological Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Ning Hsu ◽  
Li-Tung Huang ◽  
You-Lin Tain
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Offspring Health ◽  
In Pregnancy

Cardiovascular and neurological diseases can originate in early life. Melatonin, a biologically active substance, acts as a pleiotropic hormone essential for pregnancy and fetal development. Maternal melatonin can easily pass the placenta and provide photoperiodic signals to the fetus. Though melatonin uses in pregnant or lactating women have not yet been recommended, there is a growing body of evidence from animal studies in support of melatonin as a reprogramming strategy to prevent the developmental programming of cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Here, we review several key themes in melatonin use in pregnancy and lactation within offspring health and disease. We have particularly focused on the following areas: the pathophysiological roles of melatonin in pregnancy, lactation, and fetal development; clinical uses of melatonin in fetal and neonatal diseases; experimental evidence supporting melatonin as a reprogramming therapy to prevent cardiovascular and neurological diseases; and reprogramming mechanisms of melatonin within developmental programming. The targeting of melatonin uses in pregnancy and lactation will be valuable in the prevention of various adult chronic diseases in later life, and especially cardiovascular and neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Evaluating Medication Use in Pregnancy and Lactation: What Every Pharmacist Should Know

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy Walters Burkey ◽  
Amy P. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Drug Transfer ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
In Pregnancy

As a pharmacist, being asked to give advice about medication use during pregnancy or lactation can be daunting. This article reviews the principles of drug transfer across the placenta, into breast milk, and reviews the rating scales and different resources available. The Food and Drug Administration classification scale is reviewed and the upcoming changes are explained, along with recent labeling changes for specific medications or drug classes when appropriate. This article provides the pharmacist with a practical set of tools to review the information available and assess the risks of treating or withholding a medication for mother and infant.

scholarly journals Skin advanced glycation end-products evaluation in infants according to the type of feeding and mother’s smoking habits

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 205031211668212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Federico ◽  
Martina Gori ◽  
Emioli Randazzo ◽  
Francesco Vierucci
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Advanced Glycation End Products ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Advanced Glycation End Product ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess whether formula-fed infants had increased skin advanced glycation end-products compared with breastfed ones. We also evaluated the effect of maternal smoke during pregnancy and lactation on infant skin advanced glycation end-products accumulation. Methods: Advanced glycation end-product–linked skin autofluorescence was measured in 101 infants. Results: In infants born from non-smoking mothers, advanced glycation end-products were higher in formula-fed subjects than in breastfed subjects (0.80 (0.65–0.90) vs 1.00 (0.85–1.05), p < 0.001). Advanced glycation end-products in breastfed infants from smoking mothers were higher than in those from non-smoking mothers (0.80 (0.65–0.90) vs 1.00 (0.90–1.17), p = 0.009). Conclusion: Formula-fed infants had increased amounts of advanced glycation end-products compared with the breastfed ones, confirming that breast milk represents the best food for infants. Breastfed infants from mothers smoking during pregnancy and lactation had increased skin advanced glycation end-products, suggesting that smoke-related advanced glycation end-products transfer throughout breast milk. Moreover, advanced glycation end-products may already increase during gestation, possibly affecting fetal development. Thus, we reinforced that smoking must be stopped during pregnancy and lactation.

Guide for Drug Selection During Pregnancy and Lactation: What Pharmacists Need to Know for Current Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 810-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke L. Griffin ◽  
Rebecca H. Stone ◽  
Shareen Y. El-Ibiary ◽  
Sarah Westberg ◽  
Kayce Shealy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Drug Transfer ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Trimester Exposure ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objective: To provide guidance for clinicians on risk assessment of medication use during pregnancy and lactation. Data Sources: Authors completed PubMed searches to identify articles focused on the use of medications in pregnancy, including fetal development, drug transfer across the placenta, trimester exposure, chronic conditions in pregnancy, medications in lactation, and lactation and chronic disease. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Articles were reviewed to provide overall guidance to medication selection during pregnancy. The following information was reviewed: medication use in pregnancy, including fetal development, drug transfer across the placenta, trimester exposure, chronic conditions in pregnancy, medications in lactation, and lactation and chronic disease. Data Synthesis: This article will provide an overview of medication safety considerations during pregnancy and lactation. Information was interpreted to help clinicians predict the potential risk and benefit in each patient to make an evidence-based decision. The article concludes with guidance on risk assessment and how pharmacists may support fellow health care providers and their patients when considering medication use. Conclusions: Information about the effects of medication use during reproductive periods is limited. With the removal of the Food and Drug Administration pregnancy categories, clinicians will be relying on pharmacists to aid in the appropriate selection of therapies for patients. It is critical that pharmacists keep abreast of resources available and be able to assess data to help prescribers and their patients.

Haematology

2020 ◽  
pp. 307-362
Author(s):  
Charlotte Frise ◽  
Sally Collins
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Antithrombotic Drugs ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Haematological Disorders ◽  
In Pregnancy

This chapter begins by describing the normal haematological and physiological changes that occur in pregnancy, and biochemical markers at different trimester stages. It then covers the diagnosis, management, and complications for a range of haematological disorders, which may either pre-exist (such as sickle cell disease, thalassaemia, and other inherited conditions) or develop in pregnancy, including their potential risks to fetal development. Blood products and antithrombotic drugs in both pregnancy and lactation are described.

THIOURACIL TREATMENT IN PREGNANCY AND LACTATION IN THE DOG

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Arosenius ◽  
H. Derblom ◽  
G. Nylander
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
List Type ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Morphological Effect ◽  
Iodine Metabolism ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT The offspring of bitches treated with thiouracil during pregnancy and lactation were studied with regard to certain aspects of iodine metabolism and also to the morphological effect on the thyroid gland, as compared with controls of the same age and weight. At the age of six months, when the dogs were virtually fully grown, the thyroid gland still exhibited the effects of the thiouracil treatment of the mothers as manifested by an increased uptake of 131I, enlargement, and histological changes of a hyperplastic type. The significance of these deviations from normal iodine metabolism and morphology is discussed with particular reference to the dangers of thiouracil medication during pregnancy.

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